1912 - Puyi's throne was renounced when his dynasty fell upon the Sun Yat-sen's revolution. He was granted a large government pension by the Chinese government and was permitted to live in the imperial palace (The Forbidden City of Beijing) until 1924. 

1925 - Puyi was exiled and escaped China. He lived with the Japanese in Tianjin.

1931 - When the Japanese took control of Manchuria, they proclaimed Puyi as the Emperor of Manchuoko. However, his position was never more than just a puppet for the Japanese.

1945 - During that time, Manchuria was invaded by the Soviet and Puyi was captured by the Red Army.

1950 - Puyi was held as a political prisoner and war criminal in Fushun Prison to stand trial. He attempts suicide but was revived. He was then handed over to the Chinese communists and imprisoned in Shen Yang until 1959, when he was finally pardoned and set free.

1967 - Puyi passes away due to sickness.

* Created by the imperial Japanese army

* It was designed as a mini version of the forbidden city in Beijing.

* The palace cover an area of 43000 square meter.

* The building has a different styles of architecture: Chinese, Japanese and European.

* The palace holds 8 building inside:
1- Jixi building                                5- Zhixia building
2- Tondge hall                                6- Changhun house
3- Throne of Manchukuo             7- Huaiyuan building
4- Qinmin building                         8- Siheyuan

* In 1962, the palace was preserved and open as a museum of the imperial palace of manchukuo and it was renovated in 2004.

* The palace was the actual setting of the movie (THE LAST EMPEROR).

-THE FORBIDDEN CITY:

* Chinese Palatial Architecture Style.

* The Forbidden City is the most visited museum in the world.
(14.6M Annually).

- courtyard plans of palaces, official buildings, temples and residences were based on strict adherence to the principles of feng shui, symmetry, axiality and wall enclosure. Such as The Forbidden City.

- The entry to the FIRST court was called Shan Men (gate of hill)
- On the right and left of the court: the bell and drum towers.
- Across the court: Tian Wang Dian (hall of the heavenly kings)
- Beyond: Da Xiong Bao Dian (main hall)
- Beyond the main hall: Hou Dian (rear hall)


- Building of temples facing the sea has been a traditional divine custom of the Chinese/China since 3,000 years ago, and this auspicious orientation is still considered important today.

- Roof of Chinese temple: supported by built-up trusses, consisting of beams of diminishing length placed one over another between timber columns, and separated from each other by short struts.

- Palace buildings of the Qing era faced south in reference to the principles of feng shui.
- The emperor in the Qing era resided in the northern part of the palace.
- The back of the palace was against the north with the backing of coal hill, while the front faced south.
- The Altar of Heaven was enclosed by a square wall (representing earthly happiness), and a circular wall (symbolising heavenly blessings). built on three concentric rings of terraces paved with marble.
The building elements and finishes of the altar consisted of significant symbolism & fengshui:
1. the concentric rings of marble on the top-most terrace were arranged from 9 to 81, both being lucky numbers.
2. The innate connection of yin & yang elements can be seen also in this architecure

- feng shui & yinyang principles are closely implemented into traditional chinese architecture as it is used to present dualism and balance. it is known that feng shui is deeply rooted in chinese architecture since the historic times that it is incorporated into architectural planning and decorative motifs



*Listed as The Heritage Of The World in 1987.


-THE PRINCE CHUN MANSION:

* Henry Pu-Yi  father's house.

* Siheyuan Style with a Lavish graden.

2. ADVISORS

4. MAIDS & EUNUCHS

5. WORKERS, PEASANTS & ARTISTS

6. SOLDIERS & SLAVES

 

Chinese people during that time had a very rich and diverse culture.

Chinese culture 

The usage of modern remedies like spectacles has challenged the Chinese way of traditional medicine.

- Turtles are boiled alive as soup which is drank for good health and longevity. 

- The monks are chanting, playing instruments and also bowing as a sign of respect when the emperor passes by.

- When the empress dies her face is covered, a ball is placed in her mouth and instruments are played as a symbol of her death.

- The people in the palace gather as the new emperor is being announced.

People who are seeing the emperor must bow down as a sign of respect.

- 1898: joined the British colonial service in Hong Kong & China (scholar position)

- 1989: began his employment as tutor to Emperor Pu-Yi, who was 13 years old at that time. He is the first foreigner to take position in the Forbidden City. Become friends real quick, The emperor's trust & good friendship with him made Johnston's position next closest to emperor's until the emperor was expelled from the Forbidden City in 1924

- A few years after 1924: became Commissioner of Weihaiwei in Hong Kong until The Republic of China took control of the region in 1930

- 1931: became Professor of Chinese at the University of London until his retirement in 1937 (established middle class)

- Before he started as emperor's tutor:

-Went to Japan after the fall of the Qing dynasty where he was educated and married Saga Hiro, 

-A Japanese noblewoman, a distant relative of the Showa Emperor

-1937 – Moved to Manchukuo, where his brother ruled as the emperor under Japanese control

-After WWII, he was captured by Soviet forces and held in Soviet prison for 5 years and extradited back to the People’s Republic of China, where he was incarcerated for about 10 years.

He was later pardoned and released.

Achievement:
- 1978 - Became a deputy from Shanghai at the 5th National People's Congress.
- 1983 -  Served a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and Vice Chairman of the Nationalities Committee of the 6th National People's Congress.
- 1985 - He was appointed Deputy Head of the China-Japan Friendship Group.
- 1986 - Honorary Director for the Handicapped Welfare Fund
- 1988 - He rose to a seat on the Presidium of the 7th National People's Congress.
-  He was a technical adviser for the 1987 film The Last Emperor directed by Bernardo Bertolucci.
- 28/11/1991 -  he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Law by RitsumeikanUniversity.

Clothing