Thinh Le's Diem Unit Timeline by THINH LE https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8 Diem Unit Timeline due May 3rd en-us 2021-03-02 15:16:34 UTC 2021-04-30 02:00:48 UTC hello@padlet.com Ho Chi Minh writes the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on September 2nd, 1945 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260850805 In the year 1945, after Japan's surrender and withdrawal from Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh wrote his Declaration of Independence and declared Vietnam an independent country to be known as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.]]> 2021-03-02 21:25:36 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260850805 Ngo Dinh Diem enters into Vietnamese government service in 1921 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260866304 After graduating as the valedictorian in his class, Diem entered the imperial bureaucracy as a mandarin. He quickly rose in power, becoming an administrative supervisor and then from district to province chief of 300 villages.]]> 2021-03-02 21:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260866304 Diem is promoted to governor and begins to enact his anti-communist plans for Vietnam in the 1930s. thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260887601 In 1925, Diem exposed a communist cell in Quang Tri to the French. The French promote him to governor of the province of Phan Thiet. In 1930-1931, the Communist Party instigated peasant revolts which Diem along with the French had to put down.]]> 2021-03-02 21:36:52 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260887601 Japan takes over Vietnam in March 1945 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260899867 The Japanese take control of Vietnam in 1945, however their rule was not the same as the French rule. The Japanese offered Diem the premiership of a puppet regime under his old sovereign, Bao Dai, to which Diem refused.]]> 2021-03-02 21:40:39 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260899867 The Viet Minh take control of Vietnam in September 1945 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260911975 After Japan's surrender, the communist marched into Hanoi and proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam with Ho Chi Minh as its leader. Diem was arrested and while he was in prison, Minh arrested his brother Khoi and Khoi's son, convicting them to a death by live burial.]]> 2021-03-02 21:44:37 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260911975 Diem and Minh have a meeting In February 1946 about working together but Diem refuses because of Minh's actions thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260922780 Ho Chi Minh wanted to expand his supporters and so he wanted Diem because he was popular amongst many and also the face of Vietnamese Catholics. Diem refused because he described Ho as the man who "burned and destroyed the country" as well as killed many. ]]> 2021-03-02 21:48:00 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260922780 Franco-Viet Minh War starts in November 1946 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260944033 In November 1946, French infantry and armored divisions re-occupied Vietnam, sparking the war.]]> 2021-03-02 21:55:15 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260944033 The United States intervenes in the Franco-Viet Minh War in 1950 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260948841 The US intervened, believing that it was necessary to support a third force, neither communist nor colonialist, in former colonies undergoing struggles for independence. Colonialism was dying out; for the West to retain any influence in the developing world, it would have to ally itself with anticommunist movements of national liberation. Such ally was the one they saw in Diem's ideologies.]]> 2021-03-02 21:56:58 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1260948841 Korean War ended in 1953 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1271855662 The Korean War ended in 1953 and the countries that participated in the fighting was South Korea and the United States against North Korea and China. US involvement was due to the threat of communism.]]> 2021-03-05 00:41:22 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1271855662 A truce was signed by representatives of the French high command and the Viet Minh on July 20th, 1954 (otherwise known as the Geneva Accords) thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1283547408 This stopped the conflict of the Franco-Viet Minh War and started peace talks. An agreement was signed that a demarcation line would be formed along the 17th parallel, dividing Vietnam into two temporary political entities. It also set up elections to be held in both North and South Vietnam in 1956, with reunification to follow. Both signatories agreed that they would be bound by the results of these elections, whether they resulted in the formation of a socialist government or a capitalist democracy.]]> 2021-03-08 17:55:04 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1283547408 Joseph Stalin had died in March 1953 and and his successors, Georgi Malenkov and Nikita Khrushchev, wanted to mend US-Russia relations thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1283668540 The Geneva Conference presented an occasion for the USSR to demonstrate its good faith in pursuing what Khrushchev would later term "peaceful coexistence" with the United States.]]> 2021-03-08 18:14:24 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1283668540 Migration of Vietnamese Refugees in 1954 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1285451777 One article of the Geneva Accords was the allowance of Vietnamese people to migrate to the political entities of their choice. Due to this, in early August 1954, over two hundred thousand refugees were awaiting evacuation from Hanoi and Haiphong. Diem had only expected a mere 10,000 refugees and so there were problems moving this amount of people. The US navy stepped in to help.]]> 2021-03-09 02:50:39 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1285451777 The number of Catholic in Vietnam's Diocese of Saigon surpasses that of European cities thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1285458451 By 1956, the Diocese of Saigon had more Catholics than. Paris or Rome. Of Vietnam's approximately 1,450,000 Catholics, over 1,000,000, lived in the south, fifty-five percent of them refugees from the north.]]> 2021-03-09 02:53:13 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1285458451 Washington's Diem Experiment exposed in mid-1959 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1290382604 In mid-1959, when newspaper articles critical of Washington's Diem experiment prompted a congressional investigation, that the fairytale promulgated in the American media and the speeches of-American statesmen began to resemble the real-life horror story-playing itself out in South Vietnam.]]> 2021-03-09 23:57:42 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1290382604 Diem's referendum on October 23rd 1955. thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1290388678 Diem  scheduled a referendum to determine who would lead South Vietnam: himself or Bao Dai. Although it was clear that he would win, he still used various tactics to secure his victory such as through stuffing ballot boxes, intimidating voters, and spreading anti-Bao Dai propaganda.]]> 2021-03-10 00:00:27 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1290388678 Formation of the Can Lao Nhan Vi Cach Mang Dang, or Revolutionary Workers' Party and their rise in power in the 1950's thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1331774868 Diem's brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu formed the Can Lao political party, in order to rally for support for his brother Diem. They gained tremendous power in the 1950s. In 1956, they controlled most sections of the administration of South Vietnam, they spied on potential traitors, and pressured government officials and army officials to join the party through scare tactics.]]> 2021-03-20 00:31:31 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1331774868 Ordinance No. 6 of the Anti-Communist Denunciation Campaign is passed in January 1956 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1331785826 Diem used tactics to rid South Vietnam of communists but they were harsh and discriminating. Many of the South Vietnamese who were originally in support of him switched up on him because they or their friends and family were subjected to the torture, imprisonment, and executions that Diem enacted.]]> 2021-03-20 00:42:22 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1331785826 Diem's land policies in January 1955 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1393786961 Diem declared that:
  • landlords could collect no more than 25 percent of a farmer's crop
  • rent could be higher if the landlord furnished supplies like fertilizer
  • tenants had the right to farm abandoned or uncultivated land
However, these policies were not enforced and often ignored by landowners.
]]> 2021-04-08 00:36:14 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1393786961 The CIP is established in January 1955 in order to help the South Vietnamese economy thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1393800584 The Commercial Import Program (CIP) promoted industrialization and economic self-sufficiency without the hyperinflation that often comes with injecting money into an economy. However, this system was abused by the upper classes and the government, leaving the lower class without anything and unable to grow under the plan of the CIP.]]> 2021-04-08 00:41:36 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1393800584 April 26th, 1960. Caravelle Group publishes letter to the press thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1411932391 The Caravelle Group coauthored a letter to the president demanding reforms. They released this letter on this date at a press conference with various journalists from various countries present. It was also a list of grievances that implied that conditions in South Vietnam were worse than when Diem assumed office.]]> 2021-04-13 13:49:03 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1411932391 National Assembly Elections in August 1959 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1411945252 In August 1959, there were elections for positions in the South Vietnamese National Assembly, which like the 1956 election, was rigged in favor of those allied with Diem.]]> 2021-04-13 13:51:25 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1411945252 1961 Agroville Program thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1431024989 In 1961, Diem created an initiative in order to suppress the influence of communism from spreading in South Vietnam. He created places called Agrovilles where the Vietnamese government relocated Vietnamese peasants to villages where they would be guarded from communist influence. However, this initiative caused many to become angry with Diem's regime because he forced them to move and then build the agroville themselves. In addition, during the first half of 1961, VC guerrillas assassinated over five hundred local officials and civilians, and kidnapped over one thousand more from these agrovilles.]]> 2021-04-19 01:31:03 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1431024989 January 2nd, 1963 - Battle of Ap Bac thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1431033623 The battle of Ap Bac was over the control of the village of Ap Bac. It is said in the text that the US and ARVN had won technically due to the military objective of acquiring Ap Bac. However, it was also the VC's victory because they had only lost 18 men in the conflict compared to the ARVN's 61 killed and more than 100 wounded. The VC also won in the regard that they discredited the leadership of the ARVN and Diem because they had lost more people over territory the North did not really want anyway.]]> 2021-04-19 01:34:34 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1431033623 Thich Quang Duc's protest on June 11th, 1963 thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1431049594 Thich Quang Duc was a 73-year-old bonze who protested Diem's regime on June 11th, 1963. He arrived at one of Saigon's major boulevards and placed a cushion to sit down on. He sat in a lotus position while two other monks poured gasoline on him and around him. They then set the gasoline on fire along with him. He stated that this was his return to Buddha. This was a protest against Diem for not keeping his promise.]]> 2021-04-19 01:41:20 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1431049594 Summer of 1963, Diem's regime conducted violent raids on Buddhist temples thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1431059796 The Diem regime violently raided Buddhist temples and attempted to arrest those who were protesting inside them. They used violence against the peaceful protestors, killing an estimated several hundred. He raided as many as 2,000 pagodas and arrested monks, nuns, student activists, and ordinary citizens.]]> 2021-04-19 01:45:24 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1431059796 United States throws away an opportunity in 1963 to extricate itself from Vietnam with smallest amount loss of life and resources thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1453705226 The opportunity that scholars claimed the US threw away was the opportunity to avoid the Vietnam War. The US did not agree to withdrawal and reasoned that the domino theory of communism was something they had to protect against.]]> 2021-04-23 21:38:34 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1453705226 1963 talks of reunification of North and South Vietnam thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1453709485 With France's involvement, there was a peace conference in Paris of unification that Diem had supported this. The ICC delegated the discussions and sent a Polish ambassador to facilitate discussions. Ho Chi Minh was pressured by the USSR and China to partake in their fight or that North Vietnam would be the battlefield of a USSR-PRC war and so was also looking for reunification. Ho Chi Minh would have consented to a unified Vietnam with a federated government. He added that one nonnegotiable point was that the Americans have to leave the country and leave the issues in Vietnam domestic.]]> 2021-04-23 21:40:59 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1453709485 September 2nd, 1963 - Kennedy interview showing support of the South Vietnamese coup thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1476549342 The underlying message that Kennedy delivered during his television interview with Walter Cronkite was that the government of Vietnam, Diem's regime, could regain the support of the people and that would lead to the South winning the war. He also adds that if he does not regain the support of the people, it would severely affect the outcome of the war.]]> 2021-04-30 01:50:20 UTC https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1476549342 November 1st, 1963 - Diem is assassinated thinh_le https://padlet.com/thinh_le/9pwqdada1ciuf5h8/wish/1476552249 On the morning mass of All Souls Day, Diem was going to St. Francis Xavier church to pray and take communion. His 11am convoy was to arrive to take him to the JGS but instead, he was murdered before then and the convoy carried him and Madame Nhu's corpse. The coup leaders although they were knowing about the possible coup, were still shaken when they saw that he was murdered

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