ENDOCRINE SYSTEM by KRISTINE NOEME EYOG https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1 en-us 2022-10-20 05:55:28 UTC 2022-10-20 08:57:18 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9e0.png lopezkennethkyle1 https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348450479 2022-10-20 06:01:10 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348450479 1. ACROMEGALY - occurs when the body produces too much growth hormone (GH), which regulates physical growth. lopezkennethkyle1 https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348452475 2022-10-20 06:03:07 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348452475 CONTROL OF HORMONE SECRETION dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348452703 Hormone production and secretion is regulated in order to keep the body in homeostasis and react to environmental changes. Numerous hormones that regulate one another instead of just one hormone act together to control many bodily functions.]]> 2022-10-20 06:03:21 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348452703 2. HYPERTHYROIDISM - occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than the body needs to function. lopezkennethkyle1 https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348452962 2022-10-20 06:03:37 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348452962 3. HASHIMOTO'S DISEASE - is an autoimmune condition in which the thyroid gland's operation is hampered by the immune system that can result in hypothyroidism. lopezkennethkyle1 https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348453325 2022-10-20 06:03:59 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348453325 4. DIABETES - occurs when the body cannot properly use insulin or when the pancreas cannot produce enough of it. lopezkennethkyle1 https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348453582 2022-10-20 06:04:14 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348453582 CONTROL BY HUMORAL STIMULI dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348454906 The release of our hormones are stimulated by the molecules and ions inside our bloodstream. For example, the pancreas releases insulin in response to an increase in blood glucose levels.

]]> 2022-10-20 06:05:24 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348454906 Pituitary Gland https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348454937  is a light and small pea sized gland inferior to the hypothalamus connected by a stalk called infundibulum and rests in the depression of the sphenoid bone.]]> 2022-10-20 06:05:26 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348454937 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348456649 2022-10-20 06:06:44 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348456649 Thyroid Gland https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348456716 a gland made up of two lobes connected by isthmus or a narrow band. Each lobe is located on each side of the trachea inferior to the larynx. ]]> 2022-10-20 06:06:48 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348456716 CONTROL BY NEURAL STIMULI dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348457375 The endocrine glands are directly stimulated by the nervous system to release hormones. When epinephrine and norepinephrine give energy surges needed for the body to react, the adrenal medulla needs to be directly stimulated by neuronal signaling from the sympathetic nervous system to release the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.]]> 2022-10-20 06:07:25 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348457375 CONTROL BY HORMONAL STIMULI dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348458480 Hormone release as a result of another hormone. One example of this are tropic hormones, which are hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the secretion of other hormones.]]> 2022-10-20 06:08:28 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348458480 Parathyroid Gland https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348458515
  • are four tiny glands embedded to the posterior wall of thyroid gland. It is responsible for secreting parathyroid hormone essential for blood calcium levels regulation.

    • ]]>     2022-10-20 06:08:30 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348458515     THREE TYPES OF INHIBITION OF HORMONE RELEASE dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348459209 2022-10-20 06:09:11 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348459209 INHIBITION OF HORMONE RELEASE BY HUMORAL STIMULI dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348460324 A companion hormone frequently exists whose release is inhibited by the same humoral stimulus when a hormone's release is sensitive to the presence of the stimulus.]]> 2022-10-20 06:10:15 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348460324 INHIBITION OF HORMONE RELEASE BY NEURAL STIMULI dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348460854 As often as they stimulate targets, neurons can also inhibit them. When a neurotransmitter is inhibitory, the target endocrine gland does not secrete its hormone.]]> 2022-10-20 06:10:46 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348460854 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461243 2022-10-20 06:11:08 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461243 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461485 2022-10-20 06:11:22 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461485 ADRENAL GLANDS maticmeghanbrianna https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461719
  • are two small glands superior to kidneys. Each gland has an inner and outer part. The inner part is the adrenal medulla and the outer part is the adrenal cortex.

    • ]]>     2022-10-20 06:11:38 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461719     INHIBITION OF HORMONE RELEASE BY HORMONAL STIMULI dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461760 One common method of hormone regulation is to stop some hormones from secreting other hormones. Inhibitory hormones are those produced by the hypothalamus and stop the anterior pituitary gland from secreting tropic hormones.]]> 2022-10-20 06:11:41 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461760 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461784 2022-10-20 06:11:43 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348461784 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348462246 2022-10-20 06:12:10 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348462246 PANCREAS maticmeghanbrianna https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348463011
  • The endocrine part of the pancreas consist of pancreatic islets responsible for secreting hormones such as insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. 

    • ]]>     2022-10-20 06:12:55 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348463011     REGULATION OF HORMONE LEVELS IN THE BLOOD dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348463225 2022-10-20 06:13:08 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348463225 THYMUS GLAND maticmeghanbrianna https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348463902
  • lies on the upper part of the thoracic cavity responsible for secreting thymosin that develops T-cells which are important for the immune system.

    • ]]>     2022-10-20 06:13:44 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348463902     NEGATIVE FEEDBACK dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348464783 A self-limiting system, the majority of hormones are controlled by a negative-feedback mechanism. When the substance reaches a desired level, it sends a signal that prevents further secretion of the substance. The hormone levels in blood are kept within a specific range in this way.

    A negative feedback loop occurs when the pancreas stops producing insulin as blood glucose levels fall as a result of insulin.]]>     2022-10-20 06:14:31 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348464783     POSITIVE FEEDBACK dungcaseankiel https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348465548 A self-propagating system, positive feedback is the much rarer type of feedback. It is when a hormone's release causes actions that result in another release of that hormone.

    Oxytocin is released during childbirth, and subsequent uterine contractions lead to more oxytocin being released. After childbirth, oxytocin release comes to an end.]]>     2022-10-20 06:15:10 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348465548     eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348466133 2022-10-20 06:15:42 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348466133 PINEAL GLAND maticmeghanbrianna https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348466901
  • a small pinecone-shaped structure located above and below the thalamus of the brain and is responsible for producing melatonin hormone

    • ]]>     2022-10-20 06:16:15 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348466901     HYPOTHALAMUS maticmeghanbrianna https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348469539 a gland located in the brain that is responsible for controlling the endocrine system. ]]> 2022-10-20 06:18:35 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348469539 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348470842 2022-10-20 06:19:48 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348470842 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348473199 2022-10-20 06:21:52 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348473199 Lipid-soluble hormones: canopiokatezairish https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348496543
  • Non-polar 
  • Include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and fatty acid derivative hormones such as certain eicosanoids. 

    • ]]>     2022-10-20 06:40:55 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348496543     Transport of Lipid-soluble hormones canopiokatezairish https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348500903
  • Lipid-soluble hormones move in the bloodstream linked to associated proteins and transport the hormone  in aqueous environment
  • As a result, lipid-soluble hormones have far slower rates of deterioration or removal from the bloodstream.
  • The lipid-soluble hormones would rapidly spread out of capillaries and would be removed out of the blood by the kidneys or broken down by the liver and lung enzymes.
    • ]]>     2022-10-20 06:44:16 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348500903     canopiokatezairish https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348503224
  • The breakdown components are then eliminated by the bile or by urination.
  • Conjugation is a process in which certain enzyme in the liver join water-soluble molecules to hormones that removes lipid-soluble hormones from circulation 
  • The kidneys and liver eliminate the hormones more quickly into the urine and bile once they have been conjugated.
    • ]]>     2022-10-20 06:45:55 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348503224     OVARIES maticmeghanbrianna https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348615081 ovaries are responsible for secreting estrogen and progesterone]]> 2022-10-20 08:10:03 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348615081 TESTES maticmeghanbrianna https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348616529  testes is responsible for secreting testosterone. ]]> 2022-10-20 08:11:21 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348616529 Hypothalamus penachetin https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348620378 Hormones: Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), oxytocin, dopamine, Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

    Function/Influence: The hypothalamus connects the neuronal and hormonal systems. Its hormones maintain the body's balance. They affect how the body reacts to illness as well as sleep patterns, alertness, appetite, body weight, thirst, blood pressure, and heart rate


    ]]>     2022-10-20 08:14:16 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348620378     Pituitary gland penachetin https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348621183 Hormones: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Growth hormone (GH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Oxytocin, Prolactin

    Function/Influence: The pituitary gland aids in the regulation of other glands and produces hormones that regulate blood pressure, blood sugar levels, reactions to stress, menstruation, sperm production, bone growth, muscle mass, labor contractions, the production of breast milk, and the bonding between mother and child.


    ]]>     2022-10-20 08:14:49 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348621183     Adrenal Glands penachetin https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348621646 Hormones: Aldosterone, Corticosteroid, Testosterone

    Function/Influence: regulates blood pressure, hydration balance, and salt levels. works as an anti-inflammatory, keeps blood pressure, blood sugar, and muscle strength in check, and controls salt and water balance.


    ]]>     2022-10-20 08:15:08 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348621646     Thyroid gland penachetin https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348622238 Hormones: tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), calcitonin

    Function/Influence: influence on metabolism, nervous system activity, growth, and maturation,  oxygen utilization by cells, heart rate, blood pressure, calcium levels, vitamin metabolism, infant and child brain development, and reproduction


    ]]>     2022-10-20 08:15:38 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348622238     Thymus penachetin https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348622681 Hormone: Humoral factors

    Function/influence: Helps develop the lymphoid system


    ]]>     2022-10-20 08:16:00 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348622681     Pineal Gland penachetin https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348623138 Hormone: melatonin

    Function/Influence: Releases melatonin during night hours to help with sleep, or sleep cycle
    ]]>     2022-10-20 08:16:23 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348623138     Water-soluble hormones eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348623819
  • Polar molecules
  • Include protein hormones, peptide hormones, and most amino acid derivative hormones.
    • ]]>     2022-10-20 08:16:54 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348623819     Transport of Water-soluble hormones eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348625109
  • Water-soluble hormones have the capacity to dissolve straight into the blood, allowing them to circulate as free hormones and reach their intended tissue without binding to protein.
  • The cell membrane cannot withstand their greater size and hence they cannot permeate, instead they slowly diffuse from the blood into tissue spaces.
  • To help distribute these hormones to particular cells, organs controlled by certain protein hormones possess capillaries that are extremely porous.
  • Smaller, water-soluble hormones attach to binding proteins to prevent blood filtering and remain in the body.

    • ]]>     2022-10-20 08:17:56 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348625109     eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348625531
  • When hormones reach their target cells or the blood, they are destroyed. Hormones are only functioning for a short time before they are eliminated, and when they are released, bodily functions alter quickly.
  • Products of hormone breakdown are eliminated from the blood by the kidneys. 
  • Lysosomal enzymes break down the hormone after it has entered the target cell and the amino acids of peptide and protein hormones are frequently recycled to create new proteins.
  • Having a carbohydrate connected to them, having a terminal end shielded from protease activity, and possessing binding proteins are three crucial modifications to avoid the destruction of hormone molecules.
    • ]]>     2022-10-20 08:18:11 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348625531     Ovaries & Testes penachetin https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348627307 Hormone: Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone

    Function/Influence:     Develop and maintain male sexual characteristics and maturation and female characteristics, storing and releasing eggs.]]>     2022-10-20 08:19:20 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348627307     Pancreas penachetin https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348628104 Hormone: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

    Function/Influence:     blood sugar control, stimulates metabolism of glucose, protein, and fat]]>     2022-10-20 08:20:01 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348628104     eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348629034 2022-10-20 08:20:43 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348629034 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348630199 2022-10-20 08:21:45 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348630199 Lipid-soluble hormones eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348635613  Attach to nuclear receptors]]> 2022-10-20 08:25:48 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348635613 Water-soluble hormones eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348636172 Attach to membrane-bound receptors]]> 2022-10-20 08:26:15 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348636172 eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348638363 1. Lipid-soluble hormones pass through the membrane and go to the nucleus where the receptors are mostly found. 
    2. The hormone-receptor complex can react with the DNA in the nucleus or with enzymes to stimulate the transcription of specific genes.]]>     2022-10-20 08:28:00 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348638363     eyogkristinenoeme https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348640425 1. Water-soluble hormones cannot diffuse into the membrane. 
    2. They are able to attach to integral proteins with receptors extracellularly. 
    3. Binding of hormone to the receptor causes a signaling pathway reaction that either stimulates or inhibits a cell process. 
    4. The effect of these hormones are more rapid and lasts shorter when compared to lipid soluble hormones.]]>     2022-10-20 08:29:33 UTC https://padlet.com/eyogkristinenoeme/9opx310d0d2jllp1/wish/2348640425