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      <title>Cleveland, OH by Jessica Guggenbuehl</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo</link>
      <description>History of Racism</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2022-04-24 01:38:56 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-09-30 15:47:30 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>1803: Ohio declares itself as a non-slave state</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2154967597</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.freshwatercleveland.com/features/Ohio-Civics-Essential-Racial-Inequalities_1.aspx" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-24 01:51:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2154967597</guid>
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         <title>1959: Ohio passes its own civil rights act, which created the Ohio Civil Rights Commission. Their role was to investigate discriminatory acts. </title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2154970404</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Additional Info in Searching for Solutions section</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.freshwatercleveland.com/features/Ohio-Civics-Essential-Racial-Inequalities_1.aspx" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-24 01:58:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2154970404</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1910-1920: The African American population of Cleveland grows by more than 300%. Black Clevelanders looked to move into historically White neighborhoods. White Clevelanders preferred to maintain &quot;Purity&quot; in their neighborhoods. This led to increased violence. </title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157495827</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Black Clevelanders looked to move into historically White neighborhoods. White Clevelanders preferred to maintain "Purity" in their neighborhoods. This led to increased violence.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://case.edu/ech/articles/e/ethnic-and-race-relations" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-25 23:58:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157495827</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1967: Cleveland Elects city&#39;s first black mayor</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157498657</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Carl Stokes is elected Mayor of Cleveland with 20% of white voters endorsing him.  This is a pivotal moment for race relations in Cleveland. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://case.edu/ech/articles/e/ethnic-and-race-relations" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:01:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157498657</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1970-1980&#39;s: Cleveland labeled &quot;the second most segregated area in the nation&quot;</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157508391</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In 1973, NAACP filed a lawsuit against the Cleveland Board of Education. The Cleveland BoE was convicted of segregating Black students. In the 1980s, Cleveland was dragging its feet in making improvements to schools and housing in predominantly African American neighborhoods. The Cuyahoga Country Regional  Planning Commission labels Cleveland as #2 most segregated city in the U.S.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://case.edu/ech/articles/e/ethnic-and-race-relations" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:11:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157508391</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1999-2004: Black children 1.6 times more likely to test positive for lead than white children in the U.S.</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157519879</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Due to the poor housing development in Cleveland, BIPOC children were 3 times more likely to have elevated levels in their blood.&nbsp;<br><br>Source:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/2015/10/race_racism_and_lead_poisoning.html">Race, racism and lead poisoning: Toxic Neglect - cleveland.com</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/1606850215/1848ab56161ccbdc2269b2c764ce94c8/Lead_Poisoning_in_Cleveland.png" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:20:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157519879</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1966: Hough riots</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157534879</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Overtly Racist actions by White Business owners led to 6 days of rioting in the predominantly African American community of Hough, in Cleveland. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hough_riots" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:32:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157534879</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2014: 12-year old Tamir Rice is killed by Police</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157547228</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Police were called to a park in Cleveland on a possible "Active Shooter" situation. The individual that called in the activity stated that a young man was pointing a gun at pedestrians but he was sure it was a fake gun". When police arrived on the scene, the police vehicle pulled up directly to Tamir Rice, and the police officer in the passenger seat exited the vehicle and immediately shot Tamir Rice. The officer was not charged. It was later discovered the officer was let go from a previous police department as he was found to be not stable enough for active duty.&nbsp;<br><br><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice">Killing of Tamir Rice - Wikipedia</a></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:42:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157547228</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2012: Two unarmed civilians killed in police shootout. </title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157560412</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A police chase involving over 60 officers ended in a deadly shootout where six officers fired 137 shots into the vehicle killing<strong> </strong>Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams. No police officers were injured in the shooting. The chase started when the victim's vehicle backfired in front of the Justice Center in downtown Cleveland. Two officers in front of the Justice Center thought the backfiring car was a gunshot. The investigation of the incident led to charges being filed against one officer, and the firing of an additional five officers. The five officers not charged were able to appeal and were allowed to return to work. The charged officer charged was acquitted on all charges but was not able to return to the force.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:51:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157560412</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2017: The city of Cleveland was issued a Consent Decree, an agreement that the police would make changes to their practices.</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157565336</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://case.edu/schubertcenter/sites/case.edu.schubertcenter/files/2020-04/Consent-Decree-Summary-Edited.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:53:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157565336</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2020: Cleveland Declares Racism a Public Health Crisis</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157571523</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.ywcaofcleveland.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/30/RacismPublicHealthCrisis-Ohio-Council-Logo.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:55:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157571523</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2021: Issue 24 voted to amend Cleveland&#39;s City Charter</title>
         <author>jessigugg</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157576970</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Cleveland's city charter was amended to allow for citizen oversight of police misconduct. Since then Cleveland has created several committees and new positions to address the issue, however, the citizens of Cleveland are waiting to see noticeable change.  </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.ideastream.org/news/how-is-cleveland-city-council-addressing-racism-as-a-public-health-crisis" />
         <pubDate>2022-04-26 00:59:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/jessigugg/9o6t97t7h0n0mxfo/wish/2157576970</guid>
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