Kirklees Textile Timeline by https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje A story of textiles in Kirklees, from the first handweavers to incredible textile technology en-us 2021-02-01 11:29:57 UTC 2023-01-25 16:02:10 UTC hello@padlet.com 1766 catherine356 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1148189778 Huddersfield Cloth Hall was built]]> 2021-02-01 11:34:54 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1148189778 1929 catherine356 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1148198056 The Cloth Hall was demolished, but the Clock Tower was saved and installed at Ravensknowle Park]]> 2021-02-01 11:37:41 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1148198056 1819 catherine356 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1195662426 Weavers in Skelmanthorpe made the Skelmanthorpe Flag in solidarity with the people killed and injured at Peterloo.]]> 2021-02-12 09:09:22 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1195662426 1776 catherine356 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1195966373 The Spinning Jenny arrives in Holmfirth]]> 2021-02-12 11:09:01 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1195966373 1765 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218254836 The Spinning Jenny was invented by James Hargreaves for use in the cotton industry.]]> 2021-02-19 09:36:19 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218254836 1340 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218270760 Survey mentioning a mill used for milling corn, fulling and a dye house somewhere in Huddersfield area.]]> 2021-02-19 09:43:50 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218270760 By 1700 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218289130 There are 17 fulling mills on the Holme, Colne and Fenay Rivers.]]> 2021-02-19 09:51:56 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218289130 1769 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218340716 The Spinning Frame is patented by Richard Arkwright for use in his Cromford Mill - this replaced the hand operated Spinning Jenny.]]> 2021-02-19 10:13:58 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218340716 1787 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218372647 First power loom invented by Edmund Cartwright which replaced the use of hand looms. This resulted in weaving almost exclusively being undertaken in mills by 1830.]]> 2021-02-19 10:28:41 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218372647 1775 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218399848 Carding engine introduced by Richard Arkwright.]]> 2021-02-19 10:41:03 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1218399848 100 AD https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255496132 Domestic textile equipment was being used in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

King, A. (1970). Early Pennine Settlement: A Field Study by Alan King. 

]]> 2021-03-01 20:58:30 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255496132 1376 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255503633 Legislation was introduced “requiring cloth to be properly fulled”

Murtagh, M.  (1982).  Handlooms and Cloth Halls: Domestic cloth making in the South Pennines before 1780.  ISBN: 0907613101

]]> 2021-03-01 21:00:39 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255503633 1793 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255517824 The Huddersfield Narrow Canal was designed by Benjamin Outram. (Sutcliffe, 1816) ]]> 2021-03-01 21:04:48 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255517824 1834 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255526610 The conditions of lives lived by weavers had been reduced to that of desperate poverty - insufficient food, little furniture, old and ragged clothes. (Lipson, 1965) ]]> 2021-03-01 21:07:17 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255526610 1841 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255528832 The people of Huddersfield organised an ‘Oastler Festival’ to support Richard Oastler during his imprisonment. (Hargreaves, 2012) ]]> 2021-03-01 21:07:56 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255528832 1944 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255532280 Huddersfield Narrow Canal was completely closed to traffic after over 20 years of no commercial use. (Hadfield, 1970) ]]> 2021-03-01 21:08:56 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255532280 1811 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255551680 The Huddersfield Narrow Canal was completed.]]> 2021-03-01 21:14:39 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255551680 📹1790 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255570873 Streets were laid out and constructed around Huddersfield Cloth Hall.

]]> 2021-03-01 21:20:31 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1255570873 Luudism in Kirkless :1787 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257507774  Legal initiative to prosecute the Atkinsons of Bradley mill by using Tudor legislation which prohibited use of gig mills. Sources are unclear which organisation/s brought the action. 

[Luddism : website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:10:42 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257507774 1796 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257511101 Formation of the ‘Local Institution’ by croppers ( skilled workers who used heavy shears to cut the nap on the wool to finish the cloth)

[Luddism: website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:11:41 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257511101 1799 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257515025 Huddersfield cloth dressers society (Local Institution) dissolved, having had 500+ members (see Combination Acts 1799-80)

[Luddism: website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:12:55 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257515025 November 1799 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257516406 Johnsons gig mill, Holbeck, destroyed

[Luddism: website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:13:22 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257516406 1802 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257519494 Disturbances in West of England linked to those in West Riding. Labour moved between the two regions. Closed shop of croppers organised central meeting at Birstall. Thought to have influence over the authorities 
Meeting at  Almondbury of suspected ‘United Britons’, a Jacobin cell (cf French Revolution). Clear evidence of republican activity in the area. 

[Luddism: website ref 1]
]]> 2021-03-02 10:14:19 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257519494 1803 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257521071 Rules and Orders of the Clothier Community, Leeds: ‘Clothiers brief institution’ defending 7 year apprenticeship to protect domestic production

[Luddism: website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:14:50 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257521071 May 1805 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257522767 Some Wortley weavers and spinners sacked in order to break up ‘Institution’
Merchants formed own Institution, non-Instituion men hired, - called snakes, had homes burnt. 31 Huddersfield mills signed, including Atkinsons and Horsfalls, both advocates of finishing machinery 

[Luddism: website ref 1]
]]> 2021-03-02 10:15:21 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257522767 1806 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257524278  Select Committee on Woolen Manufacture chaired by Henry Lascelles, a local MP. Reported that domestic production would not be adversely affected by machinery use. Considered domestic production more generally. Also decided that the Institution was not merely benevolent but had political motives and had encouraged strikes. 
Led to the downfall of Lascelles

[Luddism: website ref 1]


]]> 2021-03-02 10:15:52 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257524278 1807 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257525511 Yorkshire county elections. Lascelles replaced by William Wilberforce

[Luddism: website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:16:18 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257525511 1812 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257526768 Honley was a focus of local Luddite activity. In other areas, there was a failed arrack on William Cartwright’s mill and William Horsfall was shot and killed. Atkinson’s mill at Colne Bridge near Huddersfield was also targeted (kirkleescousins 23/3/21). George Mellor, known as ‘General Ludd of Yorkshire’ accused of his murder.

[Luddism: website ref 3]]]> 2021-03-02 10:16:43 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257526768 1813 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257528252 West Riding of Yorkshire Luddite ‘perpetrators’ executed in York

[Luddism: website ref 3]

]]> 2021-03-02 10:17:12 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257528252 1817 and 1820 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257530199 Two more uprisings in Huddersfield 

[Luddism: website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:17:46 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257530199 1826-1830 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257531986 Meetings of handloom weavers organised by The Operatives Committee. These led to local Political Unions for parliamentary reform, blending with trades unionism and factory reform movements. Some meetings proposed the burning and destruction of machinery

[Luddism: website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:18:23 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257531986 June 1829 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257534440 Meeting of The Operatives Committee at Almonsbury Bank : 7 out of 8 cloth dressers deprived of work because of machinery 

[Luddism: website ref 1]


]]> 2021-03-02 10:19:08 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257534440 1830 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257536481 Operatives Committee Meeting condemned machinery use and pointed to it as the cause of distress in Huddersfield 

[Luddism: website ref 1]]]> 2021-03-02 10:19:40 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257536481 1887 Visit of William Morris https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257540933 Visited Huddersfield, by invitation of George Thomson of Woodhouse Mills, Deighton, himself a devotee of John Ruskin. Thomson had converted his business into a co-operative. Although Morris disagreed with co-operatives on the basis that there would continue to be labour problems as long as there is individual land ownership, he agreed to visit on the basis of this disagreement. Joined by Owen Balmforth, a radical liberal and future Huddersfield lord mayor.
The meeting was chaired by local liberal Ernest Woodhead MA, editor of the Examiner newspaper. Morris explained the principles of socialism and the debate was continued in the Examiner, which raised the prospect of a ‘Bloody Sunday’ uprising as a result of the government’s ban on open air meetings. 

It was seen that, several years after the meeting, socialism grew in the Colne valley villages, which was important in the founding of the Independent Labour Party. 
]]> 2021-03-02 10:20:47 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257540933 1842 Thomson and the William Morris connection https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257625492 George Thomson (1842-1920) became a prominent mill owner and radical thinker. He often spoke at Co-Operative society and other social movement meetings. 
In 1862 he joined his father in setting up  a cloth manufacturing business at Priestroyd Mills, Firth Street. In 1880, two years after his father died, the firm, William Thomson & Co. Ltd., moved to Woodhouse Mills, Leeds Road, Huddersfield. 

[W Morris : website ref 4]


]]> 2021-03-02 10:40:59 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257625492 1886 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257640809 George Thomson of Woodhouse Mills, influenced by the thinking of Ruskin (who supported his endeavours), Hollyoak and Hughes, started a profit-sharing scheme at Woodhouse Mills. 

[William Morris connection : ref 4]]]> 2021-03-02 10:46:14 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257640809 1890 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257646312 Huges losses were made at Woodhouse Mills, and employees paid back their wages to support payments to shareholders.  
This saved the business and the employees were rapaid in the next years 
Profits were divided: 5% to shareholders, 10% to reserves and the rest divided between employees and suppliers who were themselves co- operatives. 

[William Morris connection : ref 4]]]> 2021-03-02 10:47:57 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257646312 1893 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257656160 8 hour working day, sick ess benefits and pension scheme introduced at Woodhouse Mills 

[William Morris connection : ref 4]]]> 2021-03-02 10:51:20 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257656160 1895 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257658578 Woodhouse Mills paid £1163 to employees and £1097 to co-operative suppliers. This is the equivalent (in 2017) of £95,424 and 89,763. £1 would be the wages of 3 days work for a skilled worker. 

[William Morris connection : ref 4]]]> 2021-03-02 10:52:10 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257658578 1910 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257661617 Woodhouse Mills instated an annual week’s paid holiday scheme 

[William Morris connection : ref 4]]]> 2021-03-02 10:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257661617 1896 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257763540 The Shepley Higglers, as they became known in tailoring circles, were celebrated in the 1896 edition of The Master Tailor and Cutter's Gazette as making their community "the Richest Village in England – a tailor's paradise" 
Working from home but travelling locally and, with the aid of the railway when it came to Shepley, more widely, the tailors took orders from customers in their own homes. Employing a number of young girls to sew the suits and cutters to make the patterns, they were able to develop profitable businesses.

]]> 2021-03-02 11:29:00 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257763540 1770 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257840790 According to William Radcliffe (quoted in U3A, 2008) the standard of living of people was improving:
"In the year 1770... the father of the family would earn from eight to ten shillings at his loom, and his sons... along side of him, six to eight shillings per week... it required six to eight hands to prepare and spin yarn for each weaver... every person from the age of seven to eighty years (who retained their sight and could move their hands) could earn... one to three shillings per week".

In 1770, £1 was worth £87.26 in 2017, and would be the equivalent of 10 day’s wages for a skilled worker. ]]> 2021-03-02 11:57:17 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257840790 1825-6 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257862260 Banking collapse  and financial panic saw the reduction or closure of mills, including in Denby Dale and Skelmanthorpe. Some mills, for instance  Norton’s in Scissett, drastically cut wages. 

[Wider context : website ref 8]]]> 2021-03-02 12:04:44 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257862260 1847 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257900210 Publication of Charlotte Brontë’s novel Shirley. Set in the period 1811 -1812, it tells the story of the effects of war on a Yorkshire cloth manufacturing community, in which the mill workers have become so impoverished that they consider emigration – and the mill owner is under considerable pressure to marry a woman he does not love to secure his financial position.]]> 2021-03-02 12:17:21 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257900210 1860 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257909076 American Civil War causes global slump

[Wider context : website ref 5]]]> 2021-03-02 12:20:08 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257909076 1889 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257910727 America places tariffs on wool imports, causing hardships in Yorkshire woollen mills

[Wider context : ref 5]]]> 2021-03-02 12:20:37 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257910727 1803-1815 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257914519 Napoleonic Wars cause great damage to business generally and in Yorkshire the cloth manufacturers are badly hit by the loss of export opportunities. See also Charlotte Brontë’s Shirley, 1849

[Wider context : website ref 2]


]]> 2021-03-02 12:21:47 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1257914519 1784 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319935991 One-third of ‘parish apprentice children’ ( those children taken by the government and placed in orphanages) employed, without wage, in mills across England. 

[Child Labour: Museum of Childhood]]]> 2021-03-17 10:51:44 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319935991 1832 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319946380 Child labour: “Very often the children are woken at four in the morning. The children are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and they see no more of their parents till they go home at night and are sent to bed."
Richard Oastler, interview

[Child Labour : Museum of Childhood]]]> 2021-03-17 10:55:28 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319946380 1802 First Factories Act https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319955526 “Factory Health and Morals Act” - applies to apprentices in cotton and woollen mills. 

[Child Labour :Museum of Childhood]]]> 2021-03-17 10:58:48 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319955526 1819 Cotton Fabrics Regulation Act https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319960268 Required: Minimum age 9, maximum 12 hours per day employment. 
[Child Labour: Museum of Childhood]]]> 2021-03-17 11:00:26 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319960268 1833 Factory Act https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319964034 Required:Children’s working conditions- working day to be between 5.30am and 8.30 pm (no night work):
Ages 9-13 maximum 9 hours
Ages 13-18 maximum 12 hours 
No- one under 9 years allowed to work. All children employed to have 2 hours of schooling. Paid Inspectors to be able to check compliance. 
[ChIld Labour : Museum of Childhood]



]]> 2021-03-17 11:01:52 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319964034 1844 Factory Act https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319975284 Maximun working hours for 8-13 year olds now 6.5 hours. Accidents involving bodily injuries or death must be reported, and a Register of children  and young people must be kept. 
[Child Labour : Museum of Childhood]]]> 2021-03-17 11:05:48 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319975284 1847 Ten Hour Bill https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319981072 Established a 10 hour working day between 6am and 6 pm. 
[Child Labour : Museum of Childhood]]]> 2021-03-17 11:07:50 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319981072 1891 Factory Act https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319984092 Raised minimum working age from 10 to 11; fencing around machinery must be improved. 
[Child Labour : Museum of Childhood]]]> 2021-03-17 11:08:54 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319984092 1475-1550 Exports https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319999178  Dyed and finished Kerseys from Yorkshire were exported to Antwerp (a European cloth centre) via Hull and Newcastle. 

[Stats and Technol: Sugden and Cockerill]]]> 2021-03-17 11:14:15 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1319999178 1700 Output https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320006493 Wool textiles contribute 20% of English manufacturing output. 

[Stats and Technol: Sugden and Cockerill]


]]> 2021-03-17 11:16:49 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320006493 1750s https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320013146 800,000 - 1,500,000 people employed across England in the woollen trade (1761’s census showed the poplutation as 6,310,340). 

[Stats and Technol: Sugden and Cockerill]

]]> 2021-03-17 11:19:20 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320013146 1770 Exports https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320018824 Wool textiles accounted for 25% of English exports. 

[Stats and Technol: Sugden and Cockerill]

]]> 2021-03-17 11:21:22 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320018824 1733 Flying Shuttle https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320024342 Patented by John Kay, this allowed ‘broadcloth’ production. Wider than the arms’s length cloths produced by hand weavers, this allowed speedier weaving and greater production of cloth. 

[Stats and Technol: Sugden and Cockerill]]]> 2021-03-17 11:23:19 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320024342 1770 Demise of hand-weaving. https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320029942 The Flying Shuttle was in widespread use and saw the reduction in hand-weaving as a cottage industry. 

[Stats and Technol: Sugden and Cockerill]]]> 2021-03-17 11:25:27 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320029942 1783 cloth patterning https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320033847 Thomas Bell patented a process of roller printing. 

[Stats and Technol: Sugden and Cockerill]]]> 2021-03-17 11:26:49 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320033847 1835 Yorkshire Power looms https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320037321 2,804 power looms for worsted, 533 for worsted and cotton, and worsted and wool. 

[Stats and Technol: Sugden and Cockerill]

]]> 2021-03-17 11:28:08 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320037321 1766 The Cloth Hall https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320087431 From “A Topographical Dictionary of England” 1848:
“The manufacture of woollens and fancy goods, which is carried on to a very great extent,both in the town and in the adjacent villages, consists of broad and narrow cloths, kerseymeres, serges, and cords, shawls, waistcoatings, and other fabrics of cotton,worsted, and silk, in various combinations, and of the most elegant patterns. For the better accommodation of the manufacturers and purchasers, a Cloth Hall was erected by Sir John Ramsden in 1765, and, from the great increase of business, enlarged by his son in 1780. The present Hall, which is two stories high, incloses (sic) a circular area 880 yards in circumference, divided into two semicircles by a range of building one story high, forming a diameter; and the semicircles are subdivided into streets of shops, or stalls. Above the entrance is a handsome cupola, with a clock and bell for regulating the opening and shutting of the Hall, which is wholly lighted from within the area, and on market-days is open from an early hour in the morning, for the transaction of business, till half past twelve, when it is closed till three o’clock, and again opened for the removal of the various articles exposed for sale. Some hundreds of manufacturers attend the Hall on the market-days, mostly from the country.”]]> 2021-03-17 11:45:30 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1320087431 14th February 1818 Atkinson’s mill fire kills 17 young girls https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1342473035 A fire started in the roving (unspun fibre) room caused the death of 17 out of 26 night workers. The dead were all girls aged between 9 and 18.  Amn inquest determined the cause as accidental death and no-one was held accountable. A memorial was erected in Kirkheaton Parish Church, where the girls were buried. 

(website accessed 23/3/21)]]> 2021-03-23 12:25:55 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1342473035 1799-80 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1387679070 The Combination Act of 1799, reinforced by a second act in 1780, prohibited trades union activity and collective bargaining, so severely restricting the powers of workers to organise. It was repealed in 1824. 

[Luddism : website ref 10]]]> 2021-04-06 15:25:00 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1387679070 1825 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1387698115 The Combination of Workmen Act allowed trades unions but severely restricted their activities. 

[Luddism : website ref 10]

]]> 2021-04-06 15:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1387698115 1860 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1390657485 Shoddy manufacture in Batley amounted to 7,000 tonnes. 
80 firms employing 550 people sorted rags which were supplied to 130 shoddy manufacturers in the West Riding. 

[Shoddy and Mungo : website ref 11]]]> 2021-04-07 09:23:26 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1390657485 1844 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1390672134 Henry Day starts a rag sorting and selling business in Dewsbury to supply the shoddy trade. This stays in the family until 2000. 

[Shoddy and Mungo : website ref 11]]]> 2021-04-07 09:29:39 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1390672134 2000 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1390675817 Henry Day and Son, a contributor to the shoddy industry, closes its Savile Bridge Mills works. 

[Shoddy and Mungo : website ref 11]]]> 2021-04-07 09:31:13 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1390675817 1813 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1390692672 Shoddy and mungo manufacture begins in the Heavy Woollen District centred on Dewsbury and Batley. Benjamin Law was the pioneer, establishing his ‘Shoddy Manufacturing Company’ in Batley. ]]> 2021-04-07 09:37:24 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1390692672 1773 Birth of Benjamin Law https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492843666 Law was a pioneer of shoddy manufacture - see 1807 entry]]> 2021-05-05 08:02:59 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492843666 1807 First attempt to manufacture Shoddy in Batley https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492847018 Shoddy is reclaimed fibre made when soft waste woollen fabric (and sometimes cotton and linen) is ground in a rag machine. Such fibres were used for suiting, overcoats and tweed, and could be made into high quality fabric (hence not always shoddy in today’s sense of the word). Tatters collected the waste fabric and took them to the manufacturers. 
Mungo is a similar reclaimed product, but made from hard rags. ]]> 2021-05-05 08:04:07 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492847018 1855 Shoddy and Mungo production https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492867492 30 million tons of rags per annum were being ground into fibres. Unscrupulous fabric manufacturers might add up to 50% of these fibres raw/new wool, reducing both cost and quality. 
(See 1813 entry for reference)]]> 2021-05-05 08:11:27 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492867492 1850 Birth of Theodore Taylor in Batley https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492889941 Theodore Taylor (1850-1952) was born into a fabric manufacturing dynasty and joined his family firm of JT & J Taylor in 1866]]> 2021-05-05 08:19:41 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492889941 1896 JT&J Taylor converts to a profit - sharing entity https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492900141 The company is turned into a private limited company and after paying its shareholders 5% of its profits, shared the remaining 95% with those employees with one or more year’s service.
(See 1850 entry for reference)]]> 2021-05-05 08:22:40 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492900141 1952 Death of Theodore Taylor https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492907235 75% of the capital of JT &J Taylor is now owned by 2,000 workers 
(See 1850 entry for reference). ]]> 2021-05-05 08:25:27 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492907235 2020 Return of Shoddy production https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492913005 A new business - iinouilo - begins to recycle wool waste in the tradition of the shoddy manufacturers of the nineteenth century. The founer, John Parkinson ‘sees shoddy production as an important part of the movement away from the ‘fast fashion’ throwaway culture and, through iinouiio, he strives to be inquisitive and collaborative.  
While John describes himself as being “dedicated to traditional techniques”, he is also keen to explore new technologies to help support shoddy production and develop his manufacturing capacity.
“My whole philosophy is grounded in discovery and a desire to ‘do things better,” he explains.’

]]> 2021-05-05 08:27:38 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492913005 2011 Last woollen mill in Ossett https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492931511 Edward Clay and Sons of Wesley Street, Ossett is the last mill to be operational in Ossett ]]> 2021-05-05 08:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492931511 1812 Process to mix raw and reclaimed fibres was discovered https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492942863 This was the beginning of the shoddy and mungo trade. ]]> 2021-05-05 08:40:06 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492942863 2015 Wayne Hemingway, of Red or Dead fashion label, writes of the influence of Shoddy in his business development and fashion ‘eye’ https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492951126 In the 1980s, Wayne Hemingway and his partner Geraldine sourced second hand clothes from the Shoddy Yards of the Heavy Woollen District. ]]> 2021-05-05 08:43:22 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1492951126 1541 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501548026 John Brookes & Sons Ltd origins as a fulling mill at New Mill in the Upper Holme Valley.]]> 2021-05-07 08:57:04 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501548026 1798 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501566685 John Brookes & Sons Ltd probably purchased Armitage Bridge site for a mill.]]> 2021-05-07 09:06:55 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501566685 1816 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501570145 Development of John Brookes mill at Armitage Bridge. 1816-1817 four story warehouse (listed grade II). Number One Mill for fulling, scribbling and carding. 1816-1825 hand-spinning and hand weaving shops.

]]> 2021-05-07 09:08:54 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501570145 1828-1829 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501579543 Power spinning mill at Armitage Bridge adjacent to the first mill for John Brookes and Son ltd.]]> 2021-05-07 09:13:31 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501579543 Mid 19th century https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501583681 Power weaving sheds at John Brookes Mill, Armitage Bridge.]]> 2021-05-07 09:15:41 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501583681 1828 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501592350 Armitage Bridge House (now enlarged and ten appartments) built for John Brookes. Grade II listed.]]> 2021-05-07 09:19:58 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501592350 1987 https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501606479 John Brookes Mill, Armitage Bridge becomes an office park with a variety of businesses, a cafe and a heritage exhibition.]]> 2021-05-07 09:27:36 UTC https://padlet.com/catherine356/9m04av9qpc4wvkje/wish/1501606479