Prohibition America Semester Timeline by Dr. Sarah Griffith https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow This interactive timeline will be designed over the course of the semester by students in an effort to visualize the complexity of the 1920s Prohibition Era. en-us 2022-08-29 14:03:36 UTC 2026-01-22 00:41:13 UTC hello@padlet.com Whig Party (1845-1867) https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2284871973 2022-09-06 15:33:40 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2284871973 Free Soil Party (1848-1854) https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2286676337 The Free Soil Party was a Pre-Civil War political party, founded in 1848. The group was comprised of people from the Conscience Whig Party as well as the Barnburner Democrats. They didn't support slavery expanding into western territories. One of the more famous quotations attached to the Free Soil Party is said to be inherently racist in saying, "Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, Free Men," meaning that they wanted these things for the white man more than for the African-American Slaves. The party dissolved in the midst of the the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, with most returning to their previous parties and the ideals getting absorbed by the Republican Party.


Works Cited:
- “The Free Soil Party.” Bill of Rights Institute, https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-free-soil-party. 
-“Free-Soil Party.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Soil-Party. 


]]> 2022-09-07 15:41:57 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2286676337 Maine Outlaws Alcohol (6/2/1851) schwartzh5 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2287010250 On June 2nd, 1851, Maine became the first state in America to officially outlaw alcohol. This drastic step towards Prohibition came about due to the efforts of Portland's Mayor, Neal Dow. Dow was the co-founder of the Maine Temperance Society, and used his political influence to pass this law. Four years later, Dow himself broke the law he helped create by purchasing a large amount of alcohol to distribute to Maine's doctors. This event led to the Portland Rum Riot of June, 2nd, 1855. On this day, thousands of citizens attempted to storm the building that Dow's alcohol was kept in, leading to one death and seven injuries after the rioters clashed with the state militia. This event killed Neal Dow's chances at reelection, and he never again held a political office.

Main Source: https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2016/06/02/maine-alcohol-history/]]> 2022-09-07 18:58:18 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2287010250 United States Brewers Association (1862) wrightb22 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2287238513 The United States Brewers Association (USBA) was founded during the American Civil War in 1862 by a group of New York based brewers, primarily made up of German immigrants. In 1864 the name "United States Brewers Association" was officially adopted. The USBA was formed as a response to the institution of federal taxation, and taxation remained the association's main focus until 1867. In 1867, the USBA officially challenged the emerging Prohibition Party to showcase their opposition to temperance. 

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Brewers%27_Association#Twentieth_century]]> 2022-09-07 23:41:47 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2287238513 Liberty Party (1840 - 1848 ) wingm2 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2287510464 The Liberty Party was a small political party formed to abolish slavery. They believed that to abolish slavery, they needed to do so through electoral politics and proof that the Constitution was an anti-slavery document.  They were originally connected to the AASS (American Anti-Slavery Society) but broke away when the AASS stated the Constitution was an "evil pro-slavery document".  This party still advocated for the abolishment of slavery but in a different way than the AASS did. Their belief was that working through the system and influencing people would make a change while the AASS did not like this idea of being involved in the system or the idea of voting. 

Main source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)]]> 2022-09-08 03:29:12 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2287510464 Prohibition Party (1869) thompsonc31 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2288163014 On May 25th 1869 the Good Templars in Oswego, New York held a meeting to form a political party in support of prohibition. Jonathan Orne was chosen as the first chairman and Julius Spencer was chosen as secretary. The party nominated their first President and Vice President in 1872. John Russell and James Black won the nomination. The Prohibition is the longest-lived political party after the Republican and Democrat Parties.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_Party]]> 2022-09-08 13:15:49 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2288163014 The Internal Revenue Act of 1862 lightseyr https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2288225708 This act was passed to help fund the American Civil War. It was passed by the US Congress, then was signed by President Lincoln right after on July 1st, 1862. This allowed people that trafficked liquor to basically partner up with the government, so they could tax it. They needed much more money at the time before they went into the war, so they thought this would be a way to help. This act also introduced the US's first progressive tax, which is when the tax rate and taxable amount both increase. The one major problem most people saw when this act was passed was the fact that liquor trafficking might become a regular thing throughout the years. 

Main source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1862]]> 2022-09-08 13:48:52 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2288225708 Neal Dow (1827-1856) keoghe1 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2288376310 Neal Dow – Napoleon of Temperance

1827 – Founded Maine Temperance Society with an initial focus on distilled beverages (spirits) 

1829 – Dow shifts to abstention from Alcohol- Also becomes much more involved in politics, aligns himself with Anti Masonic and Anti-Slavery causes

1837 – Maine Temperance Society disbands over disagreements surrounding whether wine should be banned. Formed Maine Temperance Union. 

1842 – Convinced Portland government to introduce liquor licenses

1845 – 1850 – Continually saw legislature for alcohol bans defeated or vetoed 

1850 – Elected head of Maine Temperance Union. He runs for Mayor of Portland on Whig ticket and wins. Lobbied state-wide legislature for prohibition of alcohol within a month of being in position. Legislature passed and became first state to ban alcohol. Known as “Maine Law”. Grew in popularity, neighbouring states introduced anti-alcohol reform. However, faced opposition at home. 

1852 – Loses Mayor Electoral, blames illegal voting by Irish immigrants. 

1854 – Runs for Mayor again, loses

1855 – Runs for Mayor again, narrow victory 

1856 – Licensed alcohol for medicinal uses, ordered $1600 worth and kept at City Hall. Bought in his name in violation of Maine Law. Sparked anti-prohibitionists to march on City Hall to spill “Neal Dow’s Liquor”. Ordered militia to shoot on marchers – one man killed. When asked Dow maintained it was justified and asked if the man was Irish. Violence turned public opinion. 

]]> 2022-09-08 15:13:26 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2288376310 Amanda Way (1828-1914) wrightb22 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2296502815 Amanda Way was an early member and leader in both the temperance and women's rights movements. In 1844 she joined the Winchester Total Abstinence Society, and in 1854 she led a group of women in the "whiskey riots" to get saloons and drugstores to stop selling alcohol. Way first attended a women's rights convention in 1851, and served as a prominent figure in the first Indiana women's rights convention that same year. She became the president of the Indiana Women's Rights Association in 1855. Way was also a founding member and first president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union in Kansas. 

Source: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Way#Temperance_advocate]]> 2022-09-14 14:46:15 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2296502815 Sallie F. Chapin (1830-1896) schwartzh5 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297046119 Sallie Chapin was one of the few prominent Prohibitionist women from the American South. Due to the South's conservative nature, the radical concept of Prohibition was far less popular, as was the concept of prominent female activism. 

Sallie Chapin was an altruistic woman. During the Civil War, she was president of several women's societies that aided injured Confederate soldiers. After the war, Chapin became a prominent leader in the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Chapin's gifts for writing and public speaking helped spread the message of Prohibition throughout the South. When the  Prohibition Home Protection Party was created in 1882, Chapin was a natural choice to serve as a party executive.

Sallie Chapin's activism went beyond Prohibition. She pushed to found a school for girls which eventually became the still-running Winthrop University. Chapin also worked to raise the age of consent in South Carolina from 10 to 16. Overall, Sallie Chapin paved the way for many wealthy southern women to become involved in activism and community service.

Main Source: https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/chapin-sarah-flournoy-moore/]]> 2022-09-14 20:24:23 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297046119 Eliza Stewart "Mother Stewart" (1816-1908) thompsonc31 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297173686 Eliza Stewart or "Mother Stewart" was a temperance movement leader. She was important during the Women's Crusade of 1873-74 which was a temperance campaign of non-violent protests. In 1873 she founded the Women's Temperance League of Osborn, Ohio and also helped found the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1874. She also spent time in the United Kingdom helping organize the British Women's Temperance Association in 1876.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_Daniel_Stewart]]> 2022-09-14 23:19:46 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297173686 Martha McClellan Brown (1838-1916) saosuwand https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297246501 American temperance leader who is believed to have drafted the call for the convention that organized the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
At the height of a temperance prayer crusade that swept Ohio in 1873–74, Brown, who had long been an officer of a fraternal temperance society, initiated the formation of a more broadly based temperance organization. In February 1874 in Columbus, Ohio, she led in founding what apparently was the first women’s state temperance society. That August, at Chautauqua Lake, New York, she and two others planned a national society, and a convention ensued that saw the founding of the WCTU. Failing to win the presidency of the new group, probably because of her identification with the fraternal order, she withdrew. In 1876 she withdrew from the fraternal order as well when that group declined to admit African American members.
Brown then concentrated her efforts on the Prohibition Party, but in 1896 she broke with the party when it did not support women’s suffrage. From 1882 to 1892 she served as vice president and professor of art, literature, and philosophy at Cincinnati Wesleyan Woman’s College in Ohio, a financially shaky institution of which her husband was president. She also made three lecture tours of Great Britain in 1881, 1891, and 1911, but in later years she occupied herself chiefly with local philanthropies in Cincinnati.

Source: 
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Womans-Christian-Temperance-Union]]> 2022-09-15 00:21:47 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297246501 The Women's Crusade 1873-1874 keoghe1 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297262724 The Women’s Crusade of 1873 was a series of marches and non-violent protests advocating temperance. These women called for saloon owners to destroy their stock of alcohol, shut the doors and enter into a different line of business. Women at this time had no right to vote and thus no political power. The decision to take to the streets for protest and marches was born out of this lack of political power. It was one of the few ways they could seek change. 

Of 19th century Women’s reform movements, Temperance was by far the largest. Of the overall temperance movement, women contributed somewhere between 1 third and 1 half of the movements overall mass support. The Women’s Christian Temperance Union was born out of the aftermath of the Women’s Crusade. This was the first institutionalized women’s temperance group, free from male control. 

The movement itself began in small towns around New York state and southwestern Ohio, somewhere around Christmas 1873. It would grow over the next 6 months reaching 31 states and territories plus the District of Columbia. Central to their argument was that women were the greatest sufferers from male intemperance because of pain, shame, violence and loss of economic stability when men drank to excess. 

]]> 2022-09-15 00:33:52 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297262724 Lyman Beecher (1775-1863) lightseyr https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297285107 Lyman Beecher is a man that is know for his involvement with the temperance movement. He had a huge role as he and Justin Edwards cofounded the American Temperance Society in 1826. This group grew very rapidly as they more than 1.5 million members. This society was made to stand up for many US problems like abolishing slavery, fighting for women's rights, and alcohol problems. This society started in Boston, Massachusetts and then grew very rapidly within the next five years.  This society was the first group to spread at a national level.

Sources:
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Temperance_Society

]]> 2022-09-15 00:51:25 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297285107 Women's Christian Temperance Union 1874 richardsona45 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297330540 The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was founded in November of 1874, in support of the temperance movement. They were created through the Women's Crusade Movement of 1873-1874, supporting the movement for temperance. Anyone in the WCTU pledged abstinence from alcohol. The WCTU existed late into the 1900's the platforms expanded into other political areas.


Works Cited:
“Woman's Christian Temperance Union.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/topic/Womans-Christian-Temperance-Union.  ]]> 2022-09-15 01:21:25 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2297330540 Volstead Act, 1919 ozragreen https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298227430 After Pres. Woodrow Wilson vetoed the National Prohibition Act, Congress passed the Volstead Act in 1919.  Named after Andrew Volstead (Justice Commission chairman), the Act defined the processes and procedures by which national prohibition would be implemented and enforced. It also revealed ongoing divisions between "wet" and "dry" supporters in Congress.

]]> 2022-09-15 13:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298227430 18th Amendment, Jan. 17 1920 ozragreen https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298238086  Conceived by leader of the Anti-Saloon League,  Wayne Wheeler, the Eighteenth Amendment passed in both chambers of the U.S. Congress in December 1917. As required in the constitution, the 18th Amendment was ratified by the requisite three-fourths of the states in January 1919. It came into force at 12:00 am on January 17, 1920 and prohibited the production, sale, and transport of "intoxicating liquors."  It granted both the federal government and the states the power to enforce the ban by "appropriate legislation."   It did NOT provide penalties. That was left to states to decide.  
https://www.britannica.com/event/Prohibition-United-States-history-1920-1933]]> 2022-09-15 13:09:57 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298238086 Anti-Saloon League, 1893-1933 ozragreen https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298253110 The ASL was founded as a state society in Ohio in 1893. Its influence spread rapidly, and in 1895 it became a national organization. It drew most of its support from Protestant evangelical churches, and it lobbied at all levels of government for legislation to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages. The growth and influence of the ASL in national politics is emblematic of the evolution of prohibition from temperance led by disparate groups to well-organized, national political parties.
https://prohibition.osu.edu/anti-saloon-league

]]> 2022-09-15 13:17:54 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298253110 Prohibition Amendment, 1917 ozragreen https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298284960  In 1917 Congress sent the Eighteenth Amendment, known as the Prohibition Amendment, to the states with a seven-year deadline for passage—the first amendment to have a time restriction. Within just 13 months, the states had ratified it, but not without great debate. Pres. Woodrow Wilson vetoed the Amendment in 1919. Congress overrode the president's veto with the Volstead Act, which defined "intoxicating beverages" as anything containing more than .05% alcohol. ]]> 2022-09-15 13:33:43 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298284960 Wartime Prohibition Act, 1918-1919 ozragreen https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298294727 The Wartime Prohibition Act, a temporary federal measure enacted in November 1918, barred the manufacture of beer and wine in the United States and prohibited the sale of beverages containing more than 2.75% alcohol anywhere in the nation after July 1, 1919. 
https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2011/septemberoctober/feature/going-dry]]> 2022-09-15 13:38:25 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298294727 Food and Fuel Control Act, 1917 ozragreen https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298299330 Lobbied and supported by the powerful Anti-Saloon League, the Food and Fuel Control Act was a wartime measure giving President Woodrow Wilson broad powers to regulate the nation’s food supply. It banned the use of grain for distilling and restricted wine and beer production for the duration of the war. The president's power led to wartime prohibition and overlapped with the ratification process of the 18th amendment, proposed by Congress in 1917.]]> 2022-09-15 13:41:00 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2298299330 Frances E. Willard (1879-1898) wingm2 https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2299052432 Frances Willard was notably one of the biggest influences on the temperance movement. Willard was known as the National President of the WCTU and remained President until her death in 1898. She is now in the Women's Hall of Fame for her influence in the temperance movement, the suffrage movement, and her position which changed the role of women in the nineteenth century.  While President of the WCTU, she focused on providing women higher education and encouraged them to be more than just a wife. With Willard teaching these women leadership skills and  gave them organizational roles, we see women influenced by her begin to flourish. 

Works Cited:
https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/frances-e-willard/]]> 2022-09-15 22:45:23 UTC https://padlet.com/griffiths11/9liuk12hnm6v0ow/wish/2299052432