NURS 589 Health Informatics by Amy Wang https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio en-us 2022-01-15 16:12:03 UTC 2025-06-04 18:49:42 UTC hello@padlet.com Key points wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1993632221 -Health informatics helps provide information to make decisions
-Driving forces = increase efficacy (decrease cost and increase productivity), improve patient outcomes and safety

]]> 2022-01-15 16:16:34 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1993632221 Thoughts?? wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1993632347 -Lecture discussion included, automation of something in daily lives, use of technology in day to day and transparency.

-During the lecture we talked about various things regarding informatics. The use of epic and how it can be used to share information across healthcare systems. At the same time, data sharing can lead to too much information being provided too fast. Various examples were given regarding things like lab results, imaging, and what happens at primary care offices. 

-The progression of technology provides useful benefits for health care professionals, but at the same time, there are drawbacks as well. 

-Technology in daily lives? What can we do to make our lives easier and what can we do to prevent loss of social skills? 

]]> 2022-01-15 16:16:44 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1993632347 Media wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1993633415 2022-01-15 16:18:35 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1993633415 Key Points wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1999062410 Overview and Objectives
  • ID Key stakeholders that developed informatics competencies 
  • Describe goals of the TIGER initiative

Lecture notes:
-Driving forces for nursing informatics: QSEN, AACN, Tiger initiatives 
-QSEN= 6 competencies: Patient-centered care, teamwork, EVP, QI, and informatics. These 6 competencies are divided into three categories ==> knowledge skills and attitudes
-AACN: Accreditation body of various programs 
-TIGER initiative: Advancing the integration of health informatics to transform practice, education, and consumer engagement. The goal is to utilize technology to improve delivery of patient care
]]> 2022-01-18 21:47:21 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1999062410 Muddiest points wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1999227421 Tiger initiative: 
-This was a really hard concept for me to understand so I tried to research various different resources that would help me understand the initiative. 

What I learned from the article: 
-Tiger was founded in 2004 to allow for the integration of technology into practice to improve patient outcomes and safety and to reduce costs.
-9 recommended areas of change 
-Tiger Virtual Learning environment (VLE) --> personalized approach to learning about health informatics technology

In conclusion, it is an initiative to increase the knowledge of informatics in healthcare. Not only is knowledge important, but nurses should understand how this information can be utilized to improve various areas of patient care. ]]> 2022-01-19 00:34:07 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/1999227421 wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2009945902 2022-01-24 23:02:27 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2009945902 Key Points wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2009996895 Overview and Objectives: 
-Define what usabiligy means for healthcare workers
-Discuss the effect of interoperability has on health care

Lecture Notes: 

Interoperability ==> Defined as the utilization of information that has been exchanged between two or more systems (Think of EHR)

Why is this important and how is it used... What do we need to know? 
-- Standardization of terminology --> Helps to ensure continuity between systems (doctors can share information)
--> Utilizing data to monitor the needs, interventions, and outcomes: QI projects, identifying how many people in the community do health screenings 
-- Terms vs concepts: i.e. the word good 

Big Data ==> How is this used? 
*Storage and analysis of data collected
*Volume, velocity, variety, veracity, value ]]> 2022-01-25 00:07:26 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2009996895 Thoughts? wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2010017756 - I have been very fortunate to have entered the healthcare system at a time when EHR is the most common form of medical record keeping. However, during one of my clinical rotations I did have to intern at a hospital which was a small community hospital that utilized paper charts, although they did utilize an EHR, it was old and not user-friendly. I have come to really value the improvements in healthcare EHR has made. 

-EHR allows for data sharing between providers to allow for information to be readily available. This is especially important in the emergency room where specialty consultation is always needed. If a provider had a concern for example regarding an Echo or chest x-ray, pulmonologists and cardiologists can easily have access to the images. Rather than having to rely on paper records which can delay patient care, information can be shared a lot easier.]]> 2022-01-25 00:26:54 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2010017756 In the news wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2010019045 2022-01-25 00:27:59 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2010019045 Key Points wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2018752348 Objectives 
-Describe the components to transform data into wisdom
-Differentiate the relationship between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom 

Lecture Notes important

Transforming data, information, knowledge, and wisdom
  • DIKW framework to turn data into wisdom.
    • Data —> information —> knowledge —> wisdom 
    • Remember the example in the lecture regarding 86
      • 86 is just a data point, with the context we get information. For example, it is 86 degrees in Maine at 2 pm. We then use the knowledge we have to transform this into something that can be integrated and applied. The wisdom, we then go to the beach. With increased context, the understanding of the data point increases. 
    • EHR —> What do you do with the data? 
    • How can the context be applied to be utilized? How can you transform this into knowledge and wisdom?
  • Nelson continuum —> data, information, knowledge, and wisdom is not static 
  • ICD-10 code 
    • Application of data into wisdom 

Life Cycle of Information Systems
  • System development life cycling 
    • Project planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance
    • SWOT analysis 
      • Key stakeholders 
]]> 2022-01-28 23:03:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2018752348 Further understanding wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2018762776 2022-01-28 23:25:12 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2018762776 wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2018770887 2022-01-28 23:39:41 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2018770887 In the news wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2018778759 -Not only is data used to improve patient outcomes, but also for healthcare professionals. As everyone knows, charting and documenting can be time consuming and limits the amount of patient care being done. “If its not documented it was not done”, this is something we have all heard. Therefore, there is an important emphasis on documenting, but increasing the amount of documentation that needs to be done can be taxing to healthcare professionals who are already burnt out. ]]> 2022-01-28 23:57:15 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2018778759 Key Points wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2036045797 “By computerizing health records, we can avoid dangerous medical mistakes, reduce costs and improve care” - State of the Union Address 2004

Meaningful Use: The importance of government-certified EHR to promote data sharing and dissemination 

-Stages 1: Data capture and sharing
-Stage 2: Advance clinical processes
-Stage 3: Improved outcomes 

Stage 2 had various objectives that providers must achieve before they are able to get reimbursement
 


]]> 2022-02-08 17:18:45 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2036045797 Thoughts: wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2036088002 The meaningful use objectives are so important to improve data exchange. However, the video we watched in the course content was so important. As the government increases the number of objectives to promote data exchange to increase patient safety, small practices can be left behind. I am fortunate to work at a large hospital with roles dedicated to various team members. For example, there are case managers who play an important role in facility referrals and are involved in the role of transition of care. But what about the small hospitals who only have 1 case manager or none at all to complete these tasks. It's so interesting to see the differences in various practice settings. It makes so much more sense now understanding why technology is ever changing in my own practice. At the same time, the increased technology plays a large role in practice, but what about the use of technology in the elderly population? I feel like it's so important to assess the entire population. ]]> 2022-02-08 17:36:14 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2036088002 Key Points wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2049147685
  • Clinical Decision Support 
    • Process for enhancing health related decisions and actions. The goal is to improve health and healthcare delivery 
    • Examples 
      • MAR ==> Drug interactions, drug allergies, dose ranges 
      • Order sets
      • Alerts
    • Why is important?? 
      • Quality 
      • Safety 
      • Close 
      • Documentation 
      • Communication 
  • Electronic health records
    • Electronic health records vs electronic medical records
      • Medical records = institution specific 
      • EHR = lifetime and patient can interact with it 
    • ]]>     2022-02-15 17:38:14 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2049147685     Thoughts wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2049560787
  • The use of electronic health records are so important to promote continuity of care. At Yale New Haven Hospital we always get patients as transfers from other hospitals for higher level of care. Access to medical records are especially important now for access to medication records. A lot of times, the elderly population do not remember the millions of pills they take so it’s important to review the charts when they get to the hospital to ensure that there aren’t any drug-drug interactions. 
  • Clinical decision support is so important in ensuring safe care for patients. Especially with short staffing and high patient loads we are working on autopilot. We go to the Pyxis and grab the medication and then go straight to the patients room. The scanning systems helps to ensure that patients are getting the right medications that are ordered for them. Without the scanning system and clinical decision support there is a higher risk for medication error. This is especially important in the emergency room. You can have 3 patients receiving the same medications for the same problem, but in different doses. I remember one day I was working, almost every single patient had presented with chest pain and tachycardia in the 120’s.
    • ]]>     2022-02-15 21:08:01 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2049560787     wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2049590981 In this video, this nurse describes a medication administration error she made. She accidentally drew up double the dose of a BP medication and noticed the patients blood pressure plummeting. This just shows how important the MAR is on verifying that you read your dose of the medication and check what dose you are giving. ]]> 2022-02-15 21:30:43 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2049590981 Key Points: wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2051229434
  • Data = raw numbers collected and stored
  • Data sets = major nit of data storage and retrieval consisting of collection of data in prescribed arrangement or format 
    • Have documentation like owners manual 
    • Good documentation will include… 
  • Data documentation 
    • Two levels of terminology - metadata vs ontologies 
      • Metadata = set of data that describes and gives information about other data 
      • Ontologies = set of concepts and categories in a subject are or domain tat shows their properties and relations between them 
    • ]]>     2022-02-16 16:08:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2051229434     Thoughts? wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2051238197
  • Datasets are very important in organizing data collected. When someone is doing research there is so much data that is being collected. Datasets help in data storage and retrieval. We cant use the raw data is there is no way to store and retrieve in the future. In the course materials, I chose a dataset related to the number of licensed nurses in the US in a given year. The data sets were in 10 year increments, by allowing for storage and retrieval of data, this data can be used to compare to past and future information. For example, nursing shortages can be predicted based on trends from the last 10 years and policies and interventions can be made to address this issue.
    • ]]>     2022-02-16 16:12:30 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2051238197     Key Points wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2072493954
  • Definitions 
    • Telemedicine = electronic communication of medical information 
    • Telehealth = remote health care 
  • Services provided by telemedicine 
    • Primary care 
    • Specialist 
    • Remote patient monitoring 
      • Monitoring CHF 
    • Consumer medical and health information
    • Medical education  
  • Global health informatics 
    • Europe
      • European patients open smart services (epSOS): Hilda and evaluate cross border interoperability 
      • European federation for medical informatics (EFMI) 30 different countries, 16 working groups
    • Asia
      • Pan American Health organization 
    • International organizations
      •  eHealth initiatives 
      • WHO 
      • Global health coalition
    • ]]>     2022-03-02 00:20:03 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2072493954     Thoughts?? wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2072505380
  • Telehealth and telemedicine has become a tool that makes it so much easier for patients to get in contact with their providers. Especially during the pandemic, various outpatient practices were closed. This meant that people with chronic conditions such as CHF, diabetes, COPD etc were not able to see their doctors to monitor their health status. On top of that, people with mental health issues were not able to reach their psychiatrists and therapists. Not being able to have that support person and being trapped at home can exacerbate psychological issues. The rise of telehealth allowed individuals access to their provider without having to physically go into the office, this helped to increase access to care. 
  • Another thing that I thought was very interesting with telehealth was during the beginning of covid people had the opportunity to screen themselves with a nurse prior to going to the hospital or outpatient provider. Especially during the height of the pandemic hospitals were being slammed and overcrowded, access to telehealth kind of helped to screen patients. Of course if people start feeling anything out of the ordinary they would get scared and try to go to the emergency room, but during the height of it there were really sick patients and an addition of someone who could have just stayed home to be monitored made patient care harder. So telehealth really helped in that sense. 
  • Finally, I never really thought about informatics in terms of global health until reading about it and it would be helpful. A lot of people, myself included probably has family overseas. I have grandparents and relatives who are over who live in China. When my grandfather got sick, no one really knew what he had and it was translated to me in Chinese so it was hard for me to explain to my parents too. If i had the access to his charts I think that may have helped in trying to explain to my parents. Global informatics is not something we really think about, but I do recognize that it would be very helpful.
    • ]]>     2022-03-02 00:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2072505380     wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2072509847 2022-03-02 00:34:17 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2072509847 Key Points: Lecture wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2081975301
  • Gamification 
    • Gamification is the use of game thinking and game mechanics in non game context to engage users to think and solve problems 
  • Games
    • Second Life 
      • Online virtual world owned by San Francisco based firm Linden Lab 
    • Build a healthy plate 
    • Nanobot's revenge 
    • Sea Heroquest
      • Dementia research 
  • Games and research 
    • Volunteer science: social and behavioral research 
      • Accelerates research by involving more people, lower costs, reduce data collection time and promotes citizen engagement 
  • Apps
    • Mango health 
    • QuitSTART 
    • Zombies, Run! 
  • Wearables 
    • ]]>     2022-03-07 15:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2081975301     Thoughts: wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2081989937
  • I think this was so interesting to learn about how games can be used to impact research. Ive always been the type of person to hate people who plays video games as it was also so time consuming and people would be so absorbed into the game to make time for other things in reality. 
  • After playing some of the games for research such as Nanobots revenge and Sea Heroquest I realized how games can make an impact on not only those affected by a disease, but also for the purpose of data collection. 
  • Lack of physical activity and obesity is a big issue in America and around the world. Kids are not engaging in outside activities as much as before. Games can definitely be used as an educational resource to promote kids to engage in physical activity. The use of wearables such as VR can help to improve activity. Things such as Wii fit has become widely popular in the last few years and it can help people who are afraid of the gym or afraid to be in public work out.
    • ]]>     2022-03-07 16:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2081989937     wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2082006878 I thought this article was pretty interesting as gamification is used in a lot of things. As i was researching I saw how it is used in companies to retain employees, reward based activities and challenges for the employees to become “family” and more engaged with each other. 

    This specific article talks about how gamification is used in conjunction with wearable technology. Individuals who suffered a musculoskeletal injury will utilize this technology in the recovery phase. In order to pass a level and get rewards, individuals must move their extremities the “correct” way. This helps to improve posture and promote rehabilitation.]]>     2022-03-07 16:12:31 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2082006878     Key Points: Lecture wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2084415782
  • EHRS: Are they where they need to be?
    • Error example from a sync 
      • Medication error
      • What happened???
        • Overriding alerts
        • New nurse 
    • Swiss cheese model
    • ]]>     2022-03-08 16:55:17 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2084415782     Thoughts: wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2084440797
  • It’s scary to think that it takes a serious safety issue for us to really understand our surroundings. Alarm fatigue is serious, whether that be in the EHR or in the general environment, were human so we cant help but sometimes feel that way. 
  • I remember it took a serious safety event for Yale to change over to using a different type of oxygen tanks where it’ll beep at us until the tank is changed to a full one. A patient with lung cancer was on an oxygen tank, he was being transferred to a different unit from another floor. From the first unit, the nurse had forgot to ensure that the tank was full so the patient had been transferred to another unit with a tank that was less than half full, but then as they arrived at the next unit the nurse did not check to see if the patient had a full tank. They realized later that the patient was in the wrong unit so again, the transporter had to take the patient to another floor. Now there is a delay to changing the tank to a full one. The patient gets to the final destination, they realize the patient is a lung transplant patient so he requires a single room. As they are trying to coordinate and move their patients around, the patient suddenly says “I Can’t breathe”, thats when the nurses notice that. The tank has been empty. This is an example of the Swiss cheese model of error.
  • The EHR has various alerts and banners. Specifically in the emergency room, we see the sepsis alert all the time. Often times the nurses who are senior staff are already aware the patients are in septic shock so interventions have already been in action, but what happens when the patients blur together and then you forget that this patient has not received the interventions. 
  • Finally, I always wonder how errors hit multiple individuals before they get to the nurses. The providers have to order  the medication, medication gets verified by the pharmacists and then it gets to the nurses. I work in a large teaching hospital so its filled with medical students and residents, there’s been times where the nurses have to question these providers to make sure that this is the medication that we needed to give. 
  • Patient with rapid Afib 
    • Received multiple IV metoprolol
    • Ordered another dose amiodarone 
    • BP in 60s, patient placed on levo 
    • Why did this happen???
    • ]]>     2022-03-08 17:07:19 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2084440797     Key Points: Lecture wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2107883980
  • Driving forces for privacy
    • HIPAA
      • Safeguards in place to ensure data is not compromised and that is only used for intended purposes 
      • Should not impede patient care
    • Security 
      • Authentication: Who you are 
        • Passwords
          • Pros and cons: What if you forget your password
            • Epic and multiple password changes
      • Authorization: Policy 
      • Accountability: Responsible for what you see and do 
  • Breaches and attack
    • ]]>     2022-03-22 16:05:29 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2107883980     wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2107926835 I thought this was a really interesting article. At the beginning of the pandemic everyone was given a paper covid vaccine card. This is something that can be easily regenerated and sold, there was a lot of people in the black market who was selling fake cards and how can you really identify this is fake. I think its so interesting that electronic passes haven’t been made yet especially in this technology advanced world, but at the same time I understand because of all the concerns with security and privacy as a lot of information could be exposed if there was a breach.]]> 2022-03-22 16:26:21 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2107926835 Key Points: Lecture wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2108328966 A Taste of Data Analytics
    • Machine learning --> build systems and algorithms that learn from data 
    • Definitions
      • Data mining 
      • Text mining 
      • Big data
    • Levels of analytics 
      • descriptive 
      • predictive 
      • prescriptive
    • Steps to basic analysis of data 
      • ask a burning question 
      • find data 
        • potential sources
      • preliminary data visualization 
        • examine 
      • clean data 
      • visualize data in detail 
      • draw conclusions 
      • disseminate findings   
        • turning data into knowledge
    ]]>     2022-03-22 20:13:14 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2108328966     wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2108348312 This video demonstrated an example of giving presentations through story telling versus just reading off of something. A lot of times when you're presenting data it can be boring. To make it more engaging its important to add videos, stories and even just changing your tone when speaking can ]]> 2022-03-22 20:27:35 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2108348312 Key Points: Lecture wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129587910
  • Legal and Regulatory Matters 
    • Difference between law and ethics
      • Ethics: What is good? What is correct? What is desirable? 
        • legal principles derived from ethical ones 
      • Law: How do we behave under different circumstances
        • punishment exists for breaking the law
  • Ethical Principles 
    • Autonomy: Self-determination 
    • Equality and Justice 
    • Beneficence: Good for others 
    • Non-Maleficiance: Prevent harm 
    • Impossibility
    • Integrity: Obligation to fulfill the duty
  • General principle of informatics ethics 
    • Information privacy and disposition 
    • Openness
    • Security 
    • Access 
    • Legitimate Infringement 
    • Least Intrusive 
    • Accountability
    • ]]>     2022-04-04 23:11:26 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129587910     Key Points: Lecture wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129628247
  • Data Visualization 
    • What is it? 
      • Understand the significance of data by including visual context 
      • Helps to recognize patterns, trends, and correlations 
      • Storytelling with data 
    • Key Questions
      • Exploratory vs Explanatory 
        • Exploratory: What you do to understand data 
        • Explanatory: What you want to explain 
      • Audience
        • Who 
      • What 
    • Types 
      • Charts 
  • Infographics 
    • A visual image such as a chart or diagram is used to represent information or data 
    • A tool used to educate and inform 
    • Helps to bring awareness
    • ]]>     2022-04-04 23:54:04 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129628247     wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129637159 This was a very interesting collection I found. The first infographic on the history of pandemics really caught my eye. Data can be boring. To me, unless I am interested in something i won't really go read up on it. But things like infographics are short, quick and easy. ]]> 2022-04-05 00:02:41 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129637159 wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129648062 The CDC has so much resources on different areas of research. This one in particular was interesting as it showed the obesity percentages of each state. This can then be further classified into different categories such as race/ethnicity, age, gender, education and income levels. The use of visuals to present data helps to give a clearer image. Sometimes it can demonstrate a more dramatic effect as well. ]]> 2022-04-05 00:12:29 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129648062 wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129656578 Example of an ethical dilemma]]> 2022-04-05 00:19:16 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129656578 wanga32 https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129869899 2022-04-05 02:57:54 UTC https://padlet.com/wanga32/9lgmcydvkup89wio/wish/2129869899