Native American Civil Rights and Liberties by GILBERT CLAY https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u en-us 2023-04-27 13:01:53 UTC 2023-05-10 06:16:10 UTC hello@padlet.com 1620 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570330655 Pilgrims establish Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts, leading to the colonization of New England by European settlers, as more and more settlers began to arrive and establish colonies throughout the region. This led to increased conflicts with Native American tribes, as European settlers sought to expand their territories and resources.]]> 2023-04-27 13:06:52 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570330655 1636-1638 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570333028 The Pequot War occurs, ultimately leading to the deaths of hundreds of Pequots and the enslavement of others. The war was sparked by tensions over land and resources, as European settlers sought to expand their territories and exert control over the region.]]> 2023-04-27 13:08:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570333028 1648 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570334780 The Treaty of Westphalia establishes the principle of territorial sovereignty. The Treaty of Westphalia marked a major turning point in European politics and international relations, establishing the principle of territorial sovereignty that would go on to shape the modern world. However, this principle was not applied to Native American tribes, who continued to face displacement, violence, and oppression at the hands of European colonizers.]]> 2023-04-27 13:09:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570334780 1675-1676 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570336407 King Philip's War occurs, resulting in the deaths of thousands of indians. King Philip's War was a devastating conflict between Native American tribes and European settlers, sparked by tensions over land and resources, as Native American tribes sought to resist European expansion into their territories.]]> 2023-04-27 13:10:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570336407 1768 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570343211 The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, marking the first treaty between the U.S. government and a Native American tribe. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix marked a major milestone in the relationship between Native American tribes and the U.S. government, the treaty aimed to establish peaceful relations between the U.S. government and the Iroquois Confederacy, and set a precedent for future treaty negotiations with other Native American tribes.]]> 2023-04-27 13:14:31 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570343211 1790 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570345666 Indian Nonintercourse Act is passed, which prohibited the purchase of Native American lands without federal government approval. This was an attempt to curb land speculation and prevent fraud against Native American tribes.]]> 2023-04-27 13:16:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570345666 1830 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570346994 The Indian Removal Act is signed into law, leading to the forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. The act was motivated by a desire for more land for white settlers and a fallacious belief that Native Americans would be better off in the West. However, the forced relocation led to the deaths of thousands of Native Americans, particularly during the Trail of Tears.]]> 2023-04-27 13:17:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570346994 1838-1839 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570350183
Trail of Tears-- the forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 4,000 people. The relocation was a direct result of the Indian Removal Act.]]> 2023-04-27 13:19:10 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570350183 1890 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570351707 Wounded Knee Massacre occurred when U.S. soldiers kill an estimated 150-300 Lakota Sioux, many of whom were women and children. The massacre was the result of tensions between the U.S. government and Native American tribes, as well as a fear of the Ghost Dance movement. The Ghost Dance movement was a recent religious movement among the Native Americans centered around driving the settlers out of their lands. The event marked the end of the Ghost Dance Movement, and of the armed conflict between the U.S. government and Native Americans.

]]> 2023-04-27 13:20:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570351707 1924 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570353047 The Citizenship Act is passed, granting U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States. This was a significant victory for Native American civil rights and recognition of their status as American citizens.]]> 2023-04-27 13:21:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570353047 1934 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570354503 The Indian Reorganization Act is passed, which aims to promote Native American self-determination and cultural preservation. The act reversed the policy of assimilation and forced cultural change and instead allowed Native American tribes to govern themselves and preserve their cultural heritage.]]> 2023-04-27 13:22:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570354503 1944 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570355348 Native American activists establish the National Congress of American Indians, which advocates for tribal sovereignty and civil rights. The organization sought to unify Native American tribes and advocate for their political and legal rights.]]> 2023-04-27 13:22:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570355348 1954 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570357135 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case ends segregation in public schools and paves the way for broader civil rights reforms. Although the case did not directly involve Native Americans, it had a significant impact on the civil rights movement and served as a legal precedent for later cases involving Native American civil rights.]]> 2023-04-27 13:24:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570357135 1968 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570358636 American Indian Movement (AIM) is founded, advocating for Native American rights and cultural preservation. The organization gained national attention with the occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969 and the Wounded Knee incident in 1973]]> 2023-04-27 13:25:08 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570358636 1975 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570361236 The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act is passed, giving tribes greater control over their own affairs and the ability to contract with the federal government for the provision of services previously provided by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. This act recognizes the right of Native American tribes to self-governance and control over their resources, and is considered a major milestone in the fight for Native American civil rights.]]> 2023-04-27 13:26:55 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2570361236 1978 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572710353 The American Indian Religious Freedom Act is passed, which recognizes and protects the traditional religious practices and cultural traditions of Native Americans. This act prohibits the federal government from interfering with these practices.]]> 2023-04-29 21:40:28 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572710353 1988 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572712202 The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act is passed, allowing Native American tribes to operate casinos on their reservations. This act provides a source of revenue for tribes and has helped to improve economic conditions on reservations.]]> 2023-04-29 21:48:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572712202 1990 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572712498 The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act is passed, requiring federal agencies and institutions that receive federal funding to return Native American cultural items, human remains, and funerary objects to their rightful tribal owners. This act acknowledges the importance of cultural heritage and helps to preserve the history and traditions of Native American tribes.]]> 2023-04-29 21:49:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572712498 1994 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572712714 The Violence Against Women Act is amended to include provisions that address the issue of violence against Native American women. This amendment acknowledges the high rates of domestic violence and sexual assault experienced by Native American women, and provides greater protections and resources for victims.]]> 2023-04-29 21:50:26 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572712714 2010 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572712845 The Tribal Law and Order Act is passed, which aims to improve public safety and justice in Indian Country. This act provides tribes with greater authority to prosecute and punish non-Native American individuals who commit crimes on tribal lands, and provides funding for law enforcement and judicial programs on reservations.]]> 2023-04-29 21:51:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572712845 2013 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572713051 The reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act includes further provisions that address the issue of violence against Native American women. This reauthorization expands the jurisdiction of tribal courts to prosecute non-Native American individuals who commit domestic violence and sexual assault on tribal lands, and provides greater resources for victim services.]]> 2023-04-29 21:51:40 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572713051 2020 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572713189 The Supreme Court issues a landmark decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma, which reaffirms the legal authority of Native American tribes over their ancestral lands. This decision recognizes that a large portion of eastern Oklahoma is still legally considered Native American reservation land, and affirms the sovereignty of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and other tribes in the region.]]> 2023-04-29 21:52:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2572713189 1973 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2582194504 in 1973 Native American protestors seized and occupied Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This action brought national attention to the American Indian Movement(AIM), and the issues that they were protesting. the exact reasons that the occupation began are disputed with each side having blamed the other.]]> 2023-05-08 14:47:41 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2582194504 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584875494 Historically, Native American groups have faced having their rights and liberties be denied. These civil rights and liberties include:

  1. Land and Resource Rights: Native Americans have experienced forced removal from their ancestral lands, broken treaties, and loss of control over natural resources pretty much since settlers first arrived to America.
  2. Sovereignty:  Native American tribes have encountered government limitations on self-governance, jurisdiction, and decision-making authority, often resulting in infringements on their autonomy and political power.
  3. Cultural and Religious Rights: In the past the Government supported Assimilationist policies, such as boarding schools and bans on traditional ceremonies, aimed to eradicate indigenous cultures and undermine their spiritual beliefs.
  4. Voting Rights: Native Americans have faced barriers to voting, including voter suppression tactics, discriminatory voter registration practices, and lack of access to polling places. These factors have impeded their political participation and representation.
  5. Education and Healthcare: Native American communities have long confronted disparities in education and healthcare. Insufficient resources have hindered their well-being and opportunities for success.
  6. Criminal Justice System: Native Americans have historically faced disparities in the criminal justice system. Limited tribal jurisdiction, the high proportion of non-Native American offenders, and challenges in law enforcement coordination have contributed to unequal treatment and difficulties in seeking justice.
Overall, the timeline of Native American civil rights and liberties is marked by the significant struggles and achievements of Native Americans. From early resistance movements against colonialism and displacement to contemporary efforts to protect tribal sovereignty and cultural heritage, Native American communities have fought tirelessly for their rights and recognition as sovereign nations within the United States. Fortunately, much progress has been made, and most of the civil liberties they were once denied have been guaranteed to the tribal community. However there is still much work to be done in the realm of civil rights, Native American communities suffer from poor education and healthcare systems and have high rated of crime and domestic violence.

]]> 2023-05-10 04:49:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584875494 1868 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584889922  The Fourteenth Amendment is ratified in 1868, providing equal protection under the law and due process to all individuals, including Native Americans. It has been invoked to challenge discriminatory practices and ensure equal treatment.]]> 2023-05-10 05:02:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584889922 1870 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584891072  The Fifteenth Amendment is ratified in 1870, and prohibits the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It has been important in advancing Native American voting rights as it prohibits discrimination based on their race.

]]> 2023-05-10 05:03:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584891072 1964 gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584898782 The Twenty-Fourth Amendment is ratified in 1964, which prohibits the use of poll taxes as a requirement for voting in federal elections. This amendment has been crucial in combating discriminatory voting practices that disproportionately affected Native American communities.

]]> 2023-05-10 05:10:35 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584898782 Works Cited gilbertclay1_2 https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584957972 2023-05-10 06:02:46 UTC https://padlet.com/gilbertclay1_2/9kj6unjfzu95vl9u/wish/2584957972