Activity 7.1 Geography of War by Karla Hernández

Dolores Hidalgo Cuna de la Independencia Nacional, Gto.

610166898karlahernandez — 2024-10-14 14:41:22 UTC

The “Cry of Independence” was recorded in the town of Dolores, located in the municipality of Guanajuato, today Dolores Hidalgo, Gto. Hence this city is called “Cradle of Independence”.
Located at 2,300 meters in height.
Coordinates - 21°06′00″N 100°55′00″W.
Geographically, it is situated in central Mexico, about 100 kilometers (62 miles) from Mexico City and roughly 40 kilometers (25 miles) from other key cities like Guanajuato and San Miguel de Allende, its location made it accessible for both local insurgents and colonial forces, impacting the strategies employed during the early stages of independence. After independence was achieved in 1821, Dolores Hidalgo evolved into a symbol of Mexican nationalism, attracting pilgrims and tourists.
Sources: 
De la Defensa Nacional, S. (s. f.). 16 de septiembre de 1810, grito de Independencia de México. gob.mx. https://www.gob.mx

Histórico, P. (s/f). DOLORES HIDALGO C.I.N. Gob.mx. Recuperado el 14 de octubre de 2024, de https://servicios-ssp.guanajuato.gob.mx/atlas/so/so_dhidalgo.pdf

Cdad. Victoria, Tamps., México

silviamariaa96 — 2024-10-15 01:30:21 UTC

The Battle of Tampico was the last time that the Mexican and Spanish armies fought during Mexico's Independence.

Querétaro, México

silviamariaa96 — 2024-10-15 01:37:08 UTC

Querétaro was a key place in the fight for the independence of Mexico, since in this city the conspiracy to carry out the political independence of the country was hatched.

Guanajuato, Gto., México

silviamariaa96 — 2024-10-15 01:40:52 UTC

On November 28, 1810, the Battle of Guanajuato was fought, in which the insurgent generals Ignacio Allende and Juan Aldama faced Félix María Calleja del Rey, the royalist commander.

Michoacán

silviamariaa96 — 2024-10-15 01:57:26 UTC

On October 22, 1814, José María Morelos y Pavón established the constituent congress that promulgated the Constitution of Apatzingán.

Guadalajara, Jal.

silviamariaa96 — 2024-10-15 02:03:23 UTC

Between November 10 and 26, 1810, the insurgents commanded by General José Antonio Torres defeated the royalist forces of Colonel Manuel del Río.

Dolores Hidalgo, Gto.

610166898karlahernandez — 2024-10-15 02:32:58 UTC

Physical characteristics

Landforms: hilly region characterized by rolling hills and valleys. The elevation, around 1,800 meters provided natural defenses and vantage points during conflicts.

Soils: fertile volcanic soil, ideal for agriculture. This supported the cultivation of essential crops, vital for sustaining the local population and revolutionary forces.

Bodies of Water: the region benefits from a network of smaller streams and seasonal rivers.

Climate: warm summers and colder winters.

Rainfall Patterns: most precipitation occurs during the summer months (June to September), allowing for a distinct growing season.

Natural Vegetation: mix of grasslands and agricultural land, forests contained native flora, which included various trees, shrubs, and herbs.

Animal Life: species typical of highland areas, such as deer, rabbits, and various bird species. These animals were part of the local ecosystem and contributed to the subsistence.

Human Characteristics

Agricultural Land: fields for crops like corn, beans, and various fruits.

Community: Dolores Hidalgo had a relatively small but engaged population, with residents actively participating in political and social movements, included indigenous peoples, mestizos, and Spaniards.

Spanish Language: Spanish was the dominant language spoken by the residents, reflecting colonial influence.

Catholic Church Influence: many residents were devout Catholics, and religious institutions often served as centers for community gatherings and support during the independence struggle.

Local Governance: local governance was influenced by Spanish colonial rule, it became a center of revolutionary activity, with residents rallying around Hidalgo’s call for independence.

Architecture: churches and government structures that reflect the architectural style of the period, serving as gathering places for revolutionaries meetings.

Adobe Homes: homes were constructed from adobe, providing a sense of community and shared identity among residents.

Sources:

Dolores Hidalgo travel. (s. f.). Lonely Planet. https://www.lonelyplanet.com/mexico/northern-central-highlands/dolores-hidalgo
Explorando México - Dolores Hidalgo, cuna de la Independencia. (s. f.-b). http://www.explorandomexico.com/about-mexico/11/180/

Sierra Guanajuato, Guanajuato

610166898karlahernandez — 2024-10-15 02:36:02 UTC

Sierra de Guanajuato mountain range lies nearby, providing a dramatic backdrop and opportunities for hiking and exploration while its resources supported the local population and insurgents alike.

Saltillo, Coah.

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:17:14 UTC

The serape is a woolen garment used as a blanket and wrapped around the body.

Chiapas, México

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:21:14 UTC

Women wore jewelry, such as earrings and necklaces, which were made from local materials such as jade, amber and turquoise.

Precious gemstones mainly obtained from Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca

Puebla, México

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:27:13 UTC

Many communities utilized local building techniques that reflected the environment. For example, adobe structures were common in arid regions due to the availability of clay and straw, which provided insulation and were well-suited for the climate.

Sonora, México

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:27:33 UTC

Chihuahua, México

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:28:17 UTC

Hidalgo, México

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:28:59 UTC

Sierra de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:36:01 UTC

This is the place sometimes called, "The mother of mexican agriculture", which during the independence period was the primarily economic activity, relying on crops like corn, beans, and sugar. The availability of fertile land, water sources, and favorable climates directly influenced food production and, consequently, people's sustenance and livelihoods.

Humans' modifications

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:38:18 UTC

Goat farming was established in the dry lands of Oaxaca and Guerrero and is responsible for the dramatic erosion of the Oaxaca Mixtec, which still persists to this day.

Humans' modifications

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:40:15 UTC

The rainforests were also eliminated by the expansion of sugarcane monoculture, and the mesophilic forests by coffee; while a good part of the dry forests of Yucatan were replaced by henequen cultivation.

Human's modifications

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:41:18 UTC

There was an enormous exploitation of precious woods, highly appreciated and in demand in Europe, which caused the plundering of the jungles of Veracruz and Campeche

Human adaptation

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:44:29 UTC

Communities that depended on agriculture often established collective work systems, such as the “tequio”, to maximize the use of available land and resources. System originated in Oaxaca.

Puerto de Veracruz, Veracruz, Ver.

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:48:01 UTC

It is said that the process of evangelization started in Veracruz. Generating a cultural and religious exchange. Colonization brought with it the spread of Catholicism and the Spanish language, profoundly altering the indigenous culture.

Relationship between Spain and Mexico

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:48:55 UTC

Mexico became a crucial source of minerals (especially silver) and agricultural products, which greatly benefited the Spanish economy. This consolidated Spain's dependence on the resources of its colony.

Spain

610170403jacquelinecastillo — 2024-10-15 04:49:06 UTC