Timeline by philly

November 11, 1918

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 13:39:37 UTC

-WWI ends

-Stab in the back theory: Jews and Communists encouraged failure of the war and lack of support at home.

-November Criminals - those who signed the treaty

November 1918

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 13:40:23 UTC

Hitler, still a member of the German military is designated as an informant

January 1919

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-05 13:40:42 UTC

Revolutions: Freikorps (paramilitary unit) help the German Military to fend off the Bolsheviks and the Jews.

May 1919

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 13:49:40 UTC

Hitler writes his first antisemitic writing in a letter to German military commander

July 1919

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-05 13:50:05 UTC

Weimar Constitution passed:

2 Major Weaknesses

Proportional representation in the Reichstag
Article 48

September 1919

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 13:51:48 UTC

Hitler joins the German Workers Party Member 555 (actually 55).

February 1920

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-05 13:54:09 UTC

The German Workers Party becomes the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP - or the Nazi Party)

25 point program - Hitler Nazi Party

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 13:57:43 UTC

1921 SA is formed

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 14:03:55 UTC

Who were the SA?: (Strum Abteilung) fromed. Known as stormtroopers these were the party militia. They were also known as brown shirts because of their uniform style.

October 1922

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 14:10:04 UTC

March on Rome: Benito Mussolini who founded the National Fascist Party in Italy came to power. Became prime minister without a fight. Led revolutionary group known as the black shirts.

1922 Hitler Youth Formed

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-05 14:12:57 UTC

The Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend, or HJ) was the Nazi-organized youth movement. It is made up of different sections for boys and girls. The boys' branch was called the Hiter Youth. The girls' branch was called the Leauge of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Madel, BDM)

January 1923

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 14:27:16 UTC

France occupies the Ruhr,
Hyperinflation is at its height
Gives fuel to radical groups that call for reform

November 8-9 1923

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-05 14:28:43 UTC

Hermann Goring

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-05 14:40:49 UTC

Runs SA

February 1924 - April 1924

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-05 14:43:38 UTC

Trial
Nazi Party Banned
Sentenced to 5 years in jail
Only served a little over 8 months—released on good behavior.
The jail cell was a lavish apartment in retrospect.
Had a personal secretary visit him daily which allowed him to write Mein Kampf

Change in Ideas

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-05 14:44:32 UTC

National rhetoric pushes Hitler's ideas further
Hitler realizes that violence will no longer convey his ideas --> Change of strategy
The nationalistic feelings saves Hitler from a large prison sentence
- In jail, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf and had many priviledges
Propaganda and nationalisic ideas encouraged Hitler to steer away from violence and instead appeal to the people.

December 1924

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-06 12:37:21 UTC

Hitler released from Jail: New Mission

Dawes Plan 1924

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-06 12:38:09 UTC

Created economic stability in Germany

Joseph Goebbels

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-06 12:39:32 UTC

Joseph Goebbels joins the Nazi party

Will eventually serve as the Reich Minister of Propaganda.

February 1925

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-06 12:39:43 UTC

Bavarian authorities liften ban on NSDAP and was re-founded. No longer a paramilitary organization.

Party Organization

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-06 12:43:48 UTC

PO I: Dedicated to undermine and overthrowing the German democratic government
PO II: Designed to create a government in waiting a highly org. Nazi government within a republic
- Had its own dept. of agriculture, economy, interior, etc...
The Nazi Party divided Germany into 34 districts (Gaue): each one having its own leader. (Gauleiter) Each Gaue was divided up into "circles" (Kreise), and each one of those had its circle leader (Kreisleiter). Lastly, it was then divided up into Ortsgruppen, or local groups.

1925

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-06 12:49:38 UTC

Adolf Hiler publishes "Mein Kampf" (My Struggle)

Book tanks, no one wants to listen to Hitler.

April 1925 - Paul Von Hindenburg becomes President

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-12 14:52:12 UTC

Franco Prussian War and WWI vet. Honored and well respected by man.

October 1929

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-12 15:10:50 UTC

The Great Depression Hits USA - Stops sending $ to Germany

July 1930

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-12 15:13:26 UTC

Von Hindenburg envokes Article 48.

Dissolves Reighstag and calls for new elections

September 1930

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-12 15:15:53 UTC

On election day, September 14, 1930, the Nazis received 6,371,000 votes - over eighteen percent of the total - and were thus entitled to 107 seats in the German Reichstag.

January 1933

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-13 14:09:11 UTC

Hitler Appointed Chancellor of Germany

February 27, 1933

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-25 14:13:02 UTC

Reichstag Fire

March 22

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-25 14:13:42 UTC

Dachau Opens

March 24, 1933

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-25 14:17:50 UTC

Passing of the Enabling Act- bill that allows Hitler's government to by pass the Reichstag for four years. Political parties dissolve

April 1st

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-25 14:33:56 UTC

Nazis declare a boycott of all Jewish businesses. Uniformed Nazis, some armed with rifles, station themselves in front of every Jewish-owned shop, business, or professional office and keep customers from entering.

Was not as successful as the Nazis had hoped it would be

April 7

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-11-25 14:35:27 UTC

Jews are restricted from working in civil service jobs.

April 25, 1933.

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-25 14:39:19 UTC

A new set of laws sets a Jewish quota of 1.5 percent for high school and university enrollment and stipulates a limit of 5 percent for Jewish enrollment in any single school. Jews will be barred from German schools by 1938, and Jewish schools will be ordered closed in autumn 1941.

April 26, 1933.

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-26 12:59:11 UTC

Gestapo Created - Originally by Hermann Goering

"Secret Police"

Eventually taken under control by the SS.

May 6, 1933.

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-26 13:01:24 UTC

Raid on Magnus Hirschfeld, who was both Jewish and gay and advocated for decriminalizing homosexuality.

Paragraph 175

May 10, 1933.

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-26 13:04:59 UTC

Book Burnings

July 14, 1933.

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-26 13:07:51 UTC

In July 1933, the Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring was enacted. This law requires the forced sterilization of German citizens with hereditary illnesses such as "feeblemindedness," schizophrenia, manic depression, epilepsy, hereditary blindness or deafness, serious physical deformities, and more. Between 200,000 and 350,000 individuals were sterilized between 1933 and 1945.

October 14, 1933.

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-26 13:17:09 UTC

Japan invades Manchuria
Little invasions in China

The League of Nations threatens Japan, and LON can't do anything about Japan.

Hitler saw that the League wouldn't do anything, and after that, he left the League.

January 26, 1934.

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-26 13:17:52 UTC

A German-Polish non-aggression pact was signed, stating that neither would use force to settle disputes.

August 2, 1934 | Von Hindenberg Dies

jdoenarc303 — 2024-11-26 13:28:12 UTC

Hitler merges the offices of Chancellor and President to become the sole and unrivalled leader of Germany, to be known as the Fuhrer.

January 13, 1935.

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 14:52:14 UTC

Germany Takes Saar

March 16

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 14:54:00 UTC

Military Conscription Begins:

Soon after, Jehovah's Witnesses are persecuted/jailed for refusing to join the military. By May 1935, Jews were no longer allowed to serve in the Armed Forces.

September 15, 1935

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 14:57:40 UTC

Nuremberg Laws Enacted

March 1936

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 15:11:42 UTC

March into the Rhineland

July 1936

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 15:15:04 UTC

Spanish Civil War

Right-wing forces, known as the Nationalists; led by General Francisco Franco and other military generals - launch an uprising with the intent to overthrow the democratically elected Spanish Republic. Over the next three years of violent conflict, Italy and Germany will provide military aid to the Spanish Nationalists, using the conflict as testing grounds for new warfare methods and hoping to secure a potential ally in the right-win leader and future dictator, General Franco.

August 1, 1936

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 15:16:10 UTC

Berlin Olympics Begin

September 9, 1936

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 15:27:25 UTC

Economic Program to prepare them for war.

2 Goals:

Stipulates a timetable for intensified rearmament and gives the Wehrmach (German military) operational capabilities within four years

People are to be deported from occupied territories to forced labor camps to comply with plan

October 3, 1936

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 15:28:02 UTC

Italy invades Ehtiopia

November 25, 1936

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 15:31:14 UTC

Germany and Japan sign Anti-Comintern Pact

Directed against the Communists (Soviet Union)
Put pressure on British to reach terms with Japan because of the threat to lands in the east
Italy will join in 1937

March 1937 - Catholic Church Criticies Nazi Ideology

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-02 15:32:33 UTC

Pope Pius XI criticizes Nazi ideology but doesn't mention the plight of German Jews.

July 1937 - Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-12-03 13:38:05 UTC

Opens as one of the largest camps in Germany.

June 14, 1937

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-12-03 13:39:28 UTC

Jewish businesses have to reigister as Jewish- this will make it easier to be identified and banned from economic life an dpush forth the process of "Aryanization" or confiscation of Jewish property.

March 11-13, 1938

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-12-03 13:41:22 UTC

The Anschluss - The annexaion of Austria by Nazi Germany

July 6-15, 1938

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-12-03 13:54:15 UTC

Evian Conference

Delegates from 32 countries to met in Evian, France- Called by FDR.

Discuddion of growing refugee problem.

Evian Conferece fails to aid refugees.

August 17, 1938

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-12-03 14:15:38 UTC

Jews are required to take on new middle names: Isreal for men and Sarah for women. Later in 1938, Jews will be required to add the letter J. This mark made it more difficult to find places for safe haven.

September 29

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-12-03 14:18:14 UTC

Munich Conference - Leaders from France, Great Britain, Italy and Germany. Met to discuss the future of Sudeyenland - Agreed that Germany could annex the Sudetenland but that would be it. Czechoslovakia was not included in on the conversation.

November 9-10, Kristallnach

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-12-03 14:19:52 UTC

Kristallnach Pogrom Nationwide riot against Jews.

1,400 synagogues are torched. Many were arrested and sent to camps. 91 Jews were reported murdered. Jewish-owned shops and businesses are looted and burned. The jewish community will later be forced to pay compensation for the extensive damage.

December 2, 1938

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2024-12-03 14:21:42 UTC

First Kindertransport arrves in GB. During the period 10,000 children (7,500 were Jewish) were rescued from Germany, Austria, Czech, and Poland to GB

June 6, 1939

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-04 12:43:34 UTC

Voyage of St. Louis

July 1937

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-04 12:44:14 UTC

Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens - one of the largest concentration camps

June 14th, 1937

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-04 12:45:16 UTC

Jewish businesses must register as Jewish

Easier to identify and ban from economic life and push the process of Aryanism

March 11-13th, 1938

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-04 12:45:59 UTC

The Anschluss

Annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany

July 6th-15th, 1938

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-04 12:47:39 UTC

Evian Conference

Meeting of world leaders at the time, delegates from 32 countries met in Evian, France
Called by FDR discussing concerns of growing refugee problem
The US does not wish for immigrants into country for financial issues along with antisemitism in the US.

August 18, 1939

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-04 12:49:41 UTC

T4 Program begins

Murder of the mentally and physically handicapped.
This is where they start experimenting with methods of killing (injection, carbon monoxide gassing, etc...)

August 23, 1939

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-04 13:02:06 UTC

Non-Aggression Pact

Germany and the Soviet signed pact (Molotov-Rivventrop Pact)
The pact allows Germany to invade Poland and partition Poland with SU.

September 1, 1939

jdoenarc303 — 2024-12-04 13:03:14 UTC

Germany invades Poland using the tactic known as Blitzkrieg

Event starts WWII

What rescue efforts were put forth prior to the start of WWII?

jdoenarc303 — 2025-03-26 12:56:28 UTC

Kindertransports
Evian Conference
The Voyage of the Saint Luis

Rescue - Things to consider

qtsxvgn8n9_ — 2025-03-26 13:14:14 UTC

Allied Powers - Objective: Win the War
Lack of Access
Individuals faced severe consequences
- What were the punishments faced by individuals who were hiding/sheltering Jews?
- 4. Hostility

Danish

jdoenarc303 — 2025-03-26 13:31:45 UTC

In late summer 1943, German occupation authorities imposed martial law on Denmark in response to increasing acts of resistance and sabotage
On September 28, 1943, a German businessman warned Danish authorities of the impending operation, scheduled for the night of October 1-2, 1943. With the help of their non-Jewish neighbors and friends, virtually all the Danish Jews went into hiding.
Danish resistance organized a rescue operation, in which Danish fishermen clandestinely ferried some 7,200 Jews (of the countries total Jewish population of 7,800) in small fishing boats, to safety in Sweden.

Zegota

jdoenarc303 — 2025-03-26 13:34:18 UTC

Code name for Rada Pomocy Zydom, the Council for Aid to Jews
Polish underground organization that provided social welfare to Jews
Began in 1942, supported by the Polish government-in-exile. Zegota's main objective was to coordinate efforts to save Jews from Nazi persecution and murder
Operated in secret, providing fake IDs, and providing hiding spots

Religious Groups

jdoenarc303 — 2025-03-26 13:36:45 UTC

Some European churches, orphanages, and families provided hiding places for Jews, and in some cases, individuals aided Jews already in hiding.
In France, Belgium, and Italy, underground networks run by Catholic clergy and lay Catholics saved thousands of Jews. Such networks were especially active both in southern France, where Jews were hidden and smuggled to safety to Switzerland and Spain, and in Northern Italy, where many Jews went into hiding after the Germans occupied Italy in September 1943

Le Chambon-sur-Lignon

jdoenarc303 — 2025-03-26 13:41:12 UTC

Nobody asked who was Jewish and who was not, where you were from, who your father was, or if you could pay. They just accepted each of us, taking us in with warmth and sheltering children, often without their parents, children who cried in the night from nightmares.

Large protestant population
Provided refuge for around 5,000 people who were fleeing from Vichy authorities
Many regarded the Jews as "chosen people," and when they were escorted 300 kilometers to the Swiss border, the guides were aware that they were following the same routine.