Opening linking phrases:

1. Well obviously ...

2. Well clearly ...

3. Sure, without a doubt ...

4. Well undoubtely ...

5. Unquestionably ...

6. Well unmistakably ...

   
   

   + Say that there are some differences:

7. There are some underlying differencies here.

8. There are a variety of possible differencies here.

9. There are a range of potential distinctions here.

   
   

   + Introduce the first difference and add details:

10. However, I guess that the most significant would be that ......... especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically .....

11. Though I suppose that the most obviouswould be that ........ especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically .....

12. But i would say that the most fundamental would be that ........ especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically .....

    
    

    + Use your 1st comparative linking structure:

13. Whereas on the other hand ...

14. On the contrary ...

15. Though quite the opposite ...

16. Whereas in contrast ....

    
    

    + Introduce the 2nd difference and add details:

17. In addition, a second key distinction would be that ... especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically ......

18. Additionally, a subsequent contrast could be that ..... especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically .....

19. As well as this, a further distinction might be that ..... especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically .....

20. On the top of this, a further divergence might be that ... .. especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically .....

21. Moreover, a further distinction might be that ..... especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically .....

22. After that a second key distinction would be that ..... especially / particularly / in fact / such as / for example / specifically .....

    
    

    + Use your second comparative structure:

23. While on the other hand .....

24. Alternatively ....

25. Conversely .....

Then again, in opposition .....

Structures to describe difference between past and present

• X used to be much thinner

• X used to be more cheerful

• X didn't used to have as many friends

• X didn't used to be as shy

• How do you think people's backgrounds shape our communication styles and worldviews?

• How did growing up in your nuclear family influence your further education and lifestyle? Share examples from your own experience.

In your developed response, you are supposed to give both reasons and details using the linking language chunks. The following list provides examples of response structures. You can use any of these.

• Well in actual fact, if I think about it, I guess that in many ways ..... particularly if I think about the point that ... .But you also have to understand that ..... . So all in all I guess my answer would have to be yes and no.

• Well in reality, I suppose that to some extent, especially when I consider that ..... . Even so, I could say that ..... . So on the whole I suppose the answer has to be yes and no.

• OK, I guess that on the other hand ..... particularly with regard to the point that ..... . At the same time I could say that ..... . So all things considered I guess the answer is both yes and know.

• Well certainly in some ways and this is definitely the case with ..... . Even so, I could say that ..... . So in the main, I suppose the answer is probably yes and no.

(input - Syn. opinion, thought, idea)

• their date of birth

• the place they used to live

• their home

• their brothers or sisters

• the members of their family

• education

• their best memories

• their age when their fathers died

• how their fathers' death changed their lives

• their jobs

• to invite people to agree with us, and 'to keep the conversation going'

• to sound more friendly and sociable and to 'make conversation'

• to sound a bit more natural, polite and conversational

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