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Where- center of Porto

Who- Francisco Xavier Esteves

Architecture- Neo-gothic, decorative lateral windows.

Reason- To be a bookshop

Usage- Bookshop and Museum

The City Hall of Porto is a historic building that serves as the seat of the municipal government of Porto, Portugal.

Where:

The City Hall of Porto is located in the historic center of Porto, specifically in the Avenida dos Aliados (Avenue of the Allies).

Who:

The City Hall building was designed by the renowned architect António Correia da Silva, in collaboration with the architect Barry Parker.

Architecture:

The City Hall building exhibits an imposing neoclassical architectural style, featuring grand columns, ornate façades, and a symmetrical design typical of this period. The exterior is adorned with sculptures and decorative elements.

Reason:

The construction of the City Hall of Porto was initiated in the early 20th century as part of the urban redevelopment plan for the Avenida dos Aliados. It was intended to serve as a symbol of civic pride and as a functional administrative center for the local government.

Usage nowadays:

Today, the City Hall of Porto continues to function as the headquarters of the Porto City Council. It houses various municipal offices and departments responsible for governing the city. Additionally, parts of the building are open to the public for guided tours, allowing visitors to admire its architectural beauty and learn about the history of Porto's governance.

Reason to be built: Build a new bridge in Douro River with a high single deck in order to facilitate ship navigation.

Usage (nowadays): Crossing the river by foot, by car and by subway.

Where: It is between Gaia and Porto, that spans the river Douro.

Who designed it: In 1879, Gustave Eiffel presented a project to construct a new bridge over the Douro, with a high single deck in order to facilitate ship navigation.

This project was rejected due to dramatic growth of the urban population, which required a re-thinking of the limits of a single-deck platform.

However, due to a competition, the new design was to administered by Théophile Seyrig, a disciple of Gustave Eiffel and author of the project. Seyrig had worked on the D. Maria bridge with Eiffel, hence the resemblance of his new bridge to the D. Maria bridge.

Where: Porto

Who: José Marques da Silva

Architecture: It is considered an infrastructure made out of stone, wood and tile. The first draft of the station, in its many versions, is characterized by the presence of the great metal nave in the composition of the main facade. From the initial drafts a U shape was clearly adopted, with a central entrance wider towards the front, facing towards the Praça Almeida Garrett (Almeida Garrett Square), and at the top oriented in the direction of the railway tracks.

Reason and usage nowadays: As a train station, it was built for its common use and so that people could catch their trains on time while enjoying the beauty of this station.

This conflict led to the intervention of Pope Innocent V, who confirmed that the plot belonged to the Franciscans by the papal Bull Doelentis accepimus, in 1244. Even though the church’s origins are Romanesque, it was later transformed into one of the most prominent examples of Gothic architecture in Porto, as well as bearing some elements of the Baroque style.

            João Carlos Machado ​

WHERE:

            Is located in Porto, near the Douro River, in the historic area of the city

WHAT:

           It was built to replace the old Mercado da Ribeiraand as it has never accomplished the goal for what it was made for, it is now used to do cultural exhibitions.

ARCHITECTURE (characteristics):

​Market formed by only one floor, and its structure is composed by iron with huge glass walls. The outside look, in relation with colors, is mainly red and splashes of white at the bottom.  

REASON:

            It is an extraordinary representation of the Iron Age in Europe, of which only a few buildings survive. The most curious thing about this market is that it has never been used as such. Although it was designed to replace an old market in Riberia, once built it didn’t quite fit its purpose and so at the turn of the last century the Municipality of Porto began to wonder what to do with it.

USAGE NOWADAYA:
​This market, nowadays, is transformed and adapted to turn into a concert house. However, it still accomplishes its duties as a market, installed by the law, being separated by a long hallway, that splits apart the local where products are sold, from the place with artistic attractions

Where: Located in the parish of São Nicolau, next to the River Douro.

History: Once in the riverfront, as you walk upstream towards the Dom Luis I Bridge, on the wall on your left side, you will see a metal plaque where the “portuenses” (the Portuguese name for the local inhabitants) light candles. It is a tribute to the Portuenses who died during the clashes with the Napoleonic troops on the old “Ponte das Barcas” (a bridge supported by boats) which collapsed under the weight of the people fighting and fleeing. It bears the name of Alminhas da Ponte. Before the "boom" of tourists in the region, the Ribeira do Porto was a very poor place, lived by fishermen and those families. After it became an important and expensive region.

It was located in Santa Catarina street, a pedestrian walkway for shopping and for the finest members of society, then and now.  The origins of the Majestic Café date back to 17 December 1921, the day on which the private limited company Café Elite was founded by a group of merchants from Oporto. Originally, the Café was a place where high society people ,for example artis, writers and politicians met. Regarding it's arquitecture, this is one of the most significant buildings of Art Nouveau in Porto. This type of art is all around the use of rectangular-shaped rooms and simetrical wood frames. This artistic style its also represented by a peculiar attention to details. Nowadays, Majestic is a café with a beautiful decoration and overpriced items. It is also an historical tea room, and several of the things that you can watch there make this space one of the most important and most signifcant places of the history of this town since they opened fot the very first time.

Architecture:The 17th to the 18th century brought Baroque influences to Ribeira. Notable examples include ornate churches and buildings with elaborate facades and decorative elements. Nowadays it is characterized by Narrow streets, colorful houses and public squares, because of its unique and iconic architecture Ribeira do Porto is an Unesco World Heritage Site.

Reason: The Ribeira do Porto has an unique localisation because of the closeness to Douro river, providing a natural waterway for transporting. The economic hub it's very important for trade and commerce, because Ribeira became a center for merchants and traders.

The Porto Cathedral, also known as Sé do Porto, is a Roman Catholic church and one of the oldest and most significant monuments in Porto.

It is located in the historical center of Porto, overlooking the Douro River and was whished by Bishop Hugh in the 12th century, he was from compostela and he promoted the construction of the cathedral.

The cathedral was built by a man named jann, we don't know much about him.

The Porto Cathedral, a National Monument in Portugal, showcases a mix of Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque architectural styles, reflecting its long and evolving history.

The construction of the Catedral do Porto was driven by a combination of religious, cultural, social, and strategic motivations, reflecting its multifaceted role in the life of the city and its people. The Catedral do Porto was built primarily as a place of worship for the city's Christian community, serving for Mass, baptisms, weddings, and funerals. It also symbolized the power and authority of the Church, acted as a cultural and civic center for social gatherings and events, and had a defensive function with its fortified design to protect against military threats.

Nowadays, the Catedral do Porto functions as an active place of worship, a major tourist attraction, a venue for cultural events, and a significant historical site, which reflects the past. They also have a museum called Tesouro da Sé where you can see ancient wardrobe and artefacts.

Where: In porto

Who: The Clérigos Tower was designed by the Italian architect Nicolau Nasoni and completed in the mid-18th century in 1754.

Architecture: It stands at approximately 75 meters tall and is characterized by its Baroque architectural style.

Usage: popular tourist attraction. Visitors can climb the tower's narrow spiral staircase to reach the top, where they are rewarded with panoramic views of the city and the surrounding area. The tower offers a unique perspective on Porto's historic center, including its narrow streets, red-tiled roofs, and the Douro River. In addition Clérigos Tower is also recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the historic center of Porto. It is part of Porto's cultural landscape and contributes to the city's allure as a destination for history buffs, architecture enthusiasts, and travelers seeking to immerse themselves in Portugal's rich cultural heritage.

Reason: The tower was originally built as part of the Clerigos Church (Igreja dos Clérigos), which was intended to serve the clergy and the local community. Its primary function was to provide a vantage point for observing ships arriving at the nearby Douro River and to act as a bell tower for the church.

Lorenzo Sardone

Cristian Manca