https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1 How I learned about the complications of making discoveries in the deep parts of the ocean. What do you think are some other complications scientist may face with exploration? http://marinebio.org/oceans/deep/ en-us 2016-10-03 23:48:34 UTC 2016-10-11 00:25:28 UTC hello@padlet.com mchughnancy https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/128773087 2016-10-06 12:20:48 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/128773087 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129282504
    When it comes to deep ocean exploration many complications are faced in order to make discoveries. The obvious complications include the fact that it is the exploration of the ocean there for humans cannot physically get there and survive down there without the assistance of certain tools. In the case of deep ocean exploration the tools that help them reach this area are submarines. The complications with the current submarines that are used today are that they need to be able to withstand the harsh conditions of the deep ocean, which include the extreme temperatures as well as the extreme pressure. Also another complication when it comes to deep ocean exploration is light, or the lack of light. Past 200 meters sunlight becomes inadequate for photosynthesis, and until about 1000 meters sunlight decreases until it is no longer visible. These complications are all factors into deep water exploration already and the way they are trying to reduce these complications are by building better submarines. In my opinion the largest complication that researchers face is the overwhelming size of the oceans, not only because they can reach depths of 11,000 meters but also cover more than 60% of the world. The fact that the oceans are so large cause exploration to be very difficult and discoveries to be made very slowly. With the oceans being so vast I am certain more groundbreaking discoveries are yet to come.]]> 2016-10-08 13:58:01 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129282504 briggs_damon https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129301887      It is completely outrageous to learn that more people have ventured into space than have travelled to the deep ocean realm, which is essentially in our backyard! How is the largest habitat on earth still largely unexplored? Sixty percent of our planet is covered by water more than a mile deep. Thus, an inquisitive individual would question why this biosphere was not completely explored first, before moving into outer space. However, exploring the deep depths of the ocean is easier said than done.
     There are many dangers in attempting to make new findings in deep sea exploration. The fact that humans are not physically equipped with the proper characteristics to survive in deep ocean waters is a complication to exploration in itself. Since humans are incapable of surviving without certain assistance in such deep depths, they must rely upon submarines to protect them in their exploration. Although technology has and continues to advance through the ages, it is still a substantial risk to place one's life in its hands. No matter how many technological devices are tested, there is still a possibility of malfunction. For instance, if the engine of a submarine suddenly stops working, it will gradually start to sink to the bottom of the ocean as it is unable to propel (maneuver) itself. This could end fatally for the inhabitants of the submarine if they are unable to fix the problem timely enough. Therefore, the success and reliability of technology is a significant complication in exploring the deep oceans of the world.
     Another pivotal complication is the ability of a submarine to endure the rather extreme temperatures, pressures, and absence of light present in the deeper depths of the ocean. For instance, if a submarine's windows begin to crack due to the pressure in the deep depths of the ocean, its inhabitants may possibly die if they are not able to return to the surface fast enough. The difference in temperature between the sunlit zone and deep sea zone of the ocean can be dramatic due to the essence of thermoclines, which are the separation of water layers of differing temperatures. Based upon the fact that the deep sea varies in depth from 200m to approximately 11,000m, the pressure, which increases 1 atmosphere for every 10m in depth, ranges from 20atm to more than 1,100atm. The deep sea begins at about 200m where sunlight becomes insufficient for photosynthesis. From there to approximately 1,000m, the light continues to decrease until it is ultimately gone. Thus, the deepest ocean waters (below about 1,000m) are pitch black regarding sunlight. These complications in withstanding the elements of the deep sea regarding submarines may become fatal if they are not constructed the proper way. In an effort to erase these complications, better submarines are being engineered as technology continues to advance.
     In all, I think the most prominent complication happens to be the most obvious one regarding deep sea exploration: the overwhelming vastness of the deep sea. Since the deep oceans are so extensive, it causes exploration to be extremely challenging (even fatal at times) and new findings to be made at quite a slow pace. Therefore, due to the fact that sixty percent of our planet is covered with water over a mile deep, I believe many life changing discoveries are to come as we have not even explored half of the water's deepest depths.]]> 2016-10-08 21:43:37 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129301887 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129306572 Exploration is essential to assist the development of our sciences and technology. Whether it's Leif Erikson first discovering North America in the early 1000's, someone diving deep in the ocean, or someone stepping on a extraterrestrial body. Exploring the unknown will always be dangerous, but rewarding. Not even concerning physical complications, a scientist may lack the proper funding needed to explore an area. However, this should change. Exploration has to be one of the most beneficial and rewarding things on and out of this earth. With proper funding and brave scientists willing to venture into the unknown, a massive discovery is just waiting to happen. As we even saw in the past, in the space race, exploration and competition fuel innovation. Maybe we could have an "ocean race". ]]> 2016-10-09 01:18:12 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129306572 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129307916      Going deep down into the ocean at depths as great as 36,000 feet to study the 79% of the Earth's volume in the biosphere is not an easy task to prepare for. Whether a robot is being controlled or a person is going in a submarine to explore the underwater life, the costs of scientific knowledge could get expensive very quickly. Scientists need money to pay for the technology to be able to build a robot or submarine. Then on top of that they will have to pay for people to build it, test it, transport the machine to the water, and more! Although understanding what is held in the pelagic and benthic zones allows people to know what life is like in the dark, another complication scientists may face due to learning is death. Death could come into play, because if the submarine malfunctions or runs out of fuel, how is the person inside of it going to get back to land? Even if there was a back-up plan for a floatation device to bring the submarine back to the surface, what if the device hits a rock and deflates? Furthermore, if the submarine holding a person wasn't built well enough for it to endure the characteristics of the deep water, the person could be killed. Our bodies were not made to endure the high pressures of the oceans that could crush a person in an instant. It is hard to imagine that even the water dwellers of the deep sea had to adapt to the non-sunlit areas, high hydrostatic pressures, freezing temperatures, high levels of oxygen, and limited food sources to survive. So, as described above exploration can be costly and deadly for scientists.]]> 2016-10-09 02:27:05 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129307916 borai_omar https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129342962   There is so much to explore and discover in the deep ocean, and some of these discoveries may be groundbreaking, however, precisely because it is unknown is the reason why it is so difficult to explore. It is impossible for one to prepare for something they don't expect, and that is the dilemma that scientist face today in exploring the ocean. And exploring these depth aren't as simple as sending a crew in a submarine and heading down. The environment in the depths is nowhere near suited for humans due to the overwhelming water pressure and lack of light. In order to make this unknown "known" enough to explore, scientists have been sending many unmanned machines equipped with special equipment such as LED lights, low-light cameras, and fiber optic cables to connect permanent deep-sea stations, as well as AUV's (autonomous Undersea Vehicles) to slowly gather more and more data of the ocean depths. Using these methods in collecting information we scientist have been slowly able to approach deeper depths, and the deepest depth that has been reached to date is 11,000 meters deep, accomplished in the Mariana Trench. The other issue with exploring the unknown is the price. Money is a big issue in exploration, and it is even more so when it is wasted on unneeded equipment. Since it is unknown what could happen in the depths, more and more money must be spent in preparation for a larger variety of situations that could go wrong. Not to mention, since the conditions in the deep-sea are very harsh, pressure resistant material, and camera's capable of recording at very low light must be used in order resist this climate. Obviously, these pieces of equipment are FAR more expensive than your everyday camera. ]]> 2016-10-09 16:36:23 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129342962 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129347860 Taking a trip down to the great depths of the ocean is crazy! The ocean is so big and there is so much that we don't know about it which is what makes it so interesting to explore. Some complications scientist may face with exploration is a money issue. Every time they send a person down to explore, it cost alot of money. They have to pay for the submarine that they are going to use. With that comes the price of paying people to test the sub, build it, and to get it into the water for the exploration. Another complication is that if there is an issue with the sub, or someone in the sub that can cause your exploration to be cut short. You have to make sure there are no problems with the sub, and that everyone on it will be safe. Scientist are going to need more explorations to exceed in their scientific studies, but they have to understand the cost, and the risks that come with it. ]]> 2016-10-09 17:48:06 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129347860 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129354727 Going to the deepest depths of the ocean is an impressive feat that brings its own problems. However, deep sea exploration isn't the only kind of exploration that can cause complications. One complication can be time. A lot of the time exploration is in conjunction with specimen collection or experimentation. If something goes wrong and you only have so long on the trip, you might not be able to get everything done. This is definitely the case when doing underwater exploration. Another complication can be humans themselves. If someone has a medical emergency you have to stop and get to back to safety or at least somewhere that the person can be treated at. In the case of underwater exploration, there can only be so much food and water stored in those submersibles. If you somehow get stuck down there without any of those things, that can impede your exploration quite a bit. Weather can also be a complication during exploration. If you were expecting perfect weather all week and then the day you arrive there is a huge snowstorm, that can cause huge issues. Moreover, in some scenarios it might there might have to be certain weather for a scientist to enter somewhere. In conclusion, there are many complications that scientists might face during explorations. These include time, human factors, and weather. Although, these are just some of the complications scientists may face during explorations. ]]> 2016-10-09 19:32:56 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129354727 reynolds_john https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129381785 Going into the depths of the ocean is an impressive feat that has not been accomplished by many people. It is a journey tat is meet by a lot of risks and dangers to those who dare to attempt it. One problem is light. Below 200 meters down light becomes limited, and the deeper down, the darker it gets. Scientists want to see these creatures in their natural habitat, but with only the limited lights these creatures produce, that can be very hard. Luckily, innovations, like LED lights, has made it easier to get light down that deep that will not affect the sea life. Another problem faced by scientists is the pressure the ocean creates. Ranging anywhere from 20 atm to 1,100 atm, this massive amount of pressure can take a toll on the submarines used to get to the depths, or by the scientists themselves. If the engineering is not exact, the vessels that the scientists are sent down in could be destroyed by the pressure that the submarine has to bear. That is a huge risk that leads to long waits while better technology is being designed. Luckily, there is a greater investment by countries and scientific groups to get better subs, so the researchers can go to unseen depths. 
Another thing that goes against the researchers is time. It takes a while to get down to the deepest depths, which means that provisions, like food, water, and power, must last for the amount of time. The more supplies that are needed means a bigger submarine. The bigger the sub is, the more pressure that is put on the sub, and the more the pressure, the more dangerous the mission becomes.
There are many things beyond these that can be a challenge to those who want to charter the uncharted depths of the oceans. It is a risky proposition, but there a plenty of brave people who step up in the name of scientific research.]]> 2016-10-10 01:14:10 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129381785 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129394529   The ocean as a whole is a very complex piece of nature.  To explore the ocean is something that is very difficult and will not be fully explored anytime in the near future. The advancement of technology helps us discover more of the deep sea, and as ethnology continues to improve, so will our knowledge of the ocean's mysteries. In this article, they use low light cameras to capture images of species that we can study. The main problem is that we are not able to travel further down into the abyss because the equipment we currtntly posses is not strong enough for the great amounts of pressure at the depths of the ocean. Other complications of exploring the abyss include cost. The price of new equipment, once it exists, would most likely cost millions of dollars, and it is also most likely not guaranteed to work. The money is an issue, but the main issue is our current technology is not advanced enough to allow us to travel to the deepest parts of the ocean. The time this will be available is unknown, but we can only hope it is within our lifetime so we can see what creatures lies at the bottom of the ocean.]]> 2016-10-10 03:00:09 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129394529 fama_anthony https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129398665 Deep sea research is a fascinating line of work that has so much to it, but it is also very dangerous. There are many things that could potentially go wrong, and they add up very quickly. The main thing that can go wrong is that the equipment used damages or even kills the scientists that are using it. At the depths of 1000 feet or lower, the pressure that is exerted on the submarine is deadly, and would probably crush a human body. These scientists are highly trained, but what if something goes wrong? There is always an unseen variable, and it hinders us from going farther into the ocean. We have pushed our technology to such a point that any farther and there is too many unknown things that could take the lives of great scientists. The only solution is to use drones first and see what depths they could reach and then use scientists, but we are a long way away from getting anything like that done.  ]]> 2016-10-10 03:31:02 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129398665 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129401195 The ocean is one of the most fascinating places to explore on earth. There is so much that we don't know about the deepest parts of the ocean because it has been so difficult to get there until recently. We have actually been to the surface of the moon more times than the bottom of the ocean. Exploring any new area on earth or in space can be a complicated undertaking. Exploration of the deepest abysses of the ocean is especially complicated. The deeper down into the ocean you go, the darker it gets. With an absence of light, special cameras are needed to take pictures that are useful for anything. The pressure also gets more intense the deeper you go. Regular submarines can only go so deep, so special deep sea submarines that are pressure resistant are needed. One last obstacle to exploration on any front is the cost. The equipment needed for an expedition is incredibly expensive, and until cheaper tools can be made, we won't be fully exploring places like the deepest depths of the ocean just yet.]]> 2016-10-10 03:53:02 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129401195 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129401257 The ocean is a beautiful and amazing place. Thanks to the dedication of scientists, especially marine biologists, the everyday person is able to take in these amazing sights. But, these brave men and women do not have any easy job, and there is so much risk involved. First of not being able to see anything at certain points is a problem. As you go deeper into the ocean, it gets darker. Thankfully with the advances in technology, LED lights help to bring light while allowing fish to live in their natural habitat. Also, submarines have become a big part of exploration into the depths of the sea. These submarines can be manned or unmanned, and they help us to see things and explore places we've never seen before. Even though these pieces of technology have helped us to do things we only dreamed of 20 years ago, they come at a price. The prices to produce these products is outrageous and sometimes not even reasonable for companies. The price of these products is a complication to scientists around the world. Also another complication that these explorers face is their safety and well being. The pressure gets too much for the human body to bear as you go deeper into the ocean. We've created some products that can aid in getting deeper into the sea but to this day there are still areas and levels that are unsafe for people to go to. So, making sure that everyone is safely conducting these explorations and the safety of the people is a complication that comes when conducting deep sea explorations.]]> 2016-10-10 03:53:36 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129401257 tsikouras_paul https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129465911 advancesThe ocean is a whole different part of this earth. It makes up 90% of earths surface. However the oceans are the place we probably know about the least. As scientists venture deeper into the oceans with their equipment, the barometric pressure increases. If the pressure gets to high it could cause a subordinate another piece of technology to be crushed by the weight of the ocean. Same thing with diving, humans below a certain depth will have their lungs crushed by the weight of the ocean. Also when you venture into deeper depths, it gets much darker. Many subs and unmanned subs are equipped with much more powerful lights so that they are able to see a few feet in front of the window or camera. Earlier models had lights so that you could only see a few inches in front. Another problem is water temperature. Temperatures can get as low as -1C. Scientists believe that organisms and life adapt to these temperature. However scientists usually prefer a hands of experience and would like to dive instead of sending subs but divers would not have as easy of a time adjusting to that low of temperature. And if they did adjust, they wouldn't be able to stayS down there for very long. Scientists have done a great job at creating some of the most amazing tools that are able to observe the depths of the oceans. Until technology advances any further, we cannot go any deeper than we are capable of now.]]> 2016-10-10 10:45:49 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129465911 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129475289 Reaching space and exploring space seems like it would be a less common event than exploring the depths of the ocean, but more is known about space than the ocean. The extreme pressure and temperature are factors for why traveling deep into the ocean is so difficult. Traveling to deeper depths of the ocean visibility becomes tremendously difficult because of how dark the ocean gradually becomes. Lighting used for submarines can only give visibility a few feet which is a huge problem. Submarines are used for deep sea exploration and they are not cheap. Tests must be run after they are built to see if they can withstand the extreme pressure and temperature. Even in use eventually there may be a point where the submarine can never not withstand the elements it is against anymore. Scientists equipment needed for exploration is so expensive and the prices are another problem with the exploration. When scientists need to be conscience of uncharted ares or areas that are unsafe to travel because the human body cannot withstand the pressure. Even products created to aid human safety in exploration can be useless in certain depths. These complications make ocean research difficult to pursue. Advances in technology are needed to travel to deeper depths than currently possible. When the tools are available the price will have to be reasonable because if the prices are outrageous scientists might not bother exploring the oceans depths. ]]> 2016-10-10 11:29:51 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129475289 mchughnancy https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129481644 It is 8:03am - the submission deadline has passed - Hope you enjoyed Vito's post, and I am looking forward to reading your comments!]]> 2016-10-10 12:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129481644 dimarco_alexander https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129582386 Most people don't know how vast the ocean is. The depth of the ocean would take up 79% of the Earth's biosphere consists or waters deeper than 1,000m. Until recently, there were advances to researching the deep sea. Scientist recently did this research because of the complications that they face. Light is a comlication to scientists doing research. Below 1,000m there is no sunlight. At one point submarine lights could only reach a few inches of visiblity in front of them.  Pressure is another complication to scientists doing research. When in the deep depths of the ocean, biomolecules are complexed and proteins begin to break down. Also, the amount of pressure on your lungs makes your lungs collapse from the weight of the sea. Temperature is another complication for scientists. There are freezing cold temperatures in the deep sea. The change of temperature would create malfunctions with the submarine. If the water ever froze, it would just float up to the surface. If there were divers in the deep sea, temperature, visibility, and pressure would make it complicated to live. Organisms from the deep sea adapted to the these conditions and make it their habitat. 100 years ago, scientists would have not even thought about exploring the unknown deep sea.

]]> 2016-10-10 17:25:15 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129582386 https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129659183 79% of the earth's volume is made up of water deeper than 1,000 meters, and still more people have been to outer space than the great depths of the ocean. The ocean truly is a vast place, and there is so much information left for us to learn. Almost every subsection of this article ended with something along the lines of "there is no known explanation for this". This shows how much we don't know about our waters. Obviously, there are extreme complications when trying to study ecosystems and organisms at 11,000 meters under water. Some of the factors that prevent us from learning about the deep are the pressure, temperature, and light. First, the pressure increases 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters, so at 11,000 meters underwater, the pressure is 1,100 atmospheres. To put that in perspective, it's about 1 atmosphere on land. It's very difficult to create a vessel that can withstand this kind of pressure. Next, any fraction of sunlight vanishes at 1,000 meters, so scientists are literally in the dark. LEDs are used and bioluminescence is currently being researched, but for now it is very difficult for scientists to research the deep. Finally, the temperature at the ocean floor can be extremely cold, so when scientists try to retrieve specimen, they often die due to temperature and pressure changes. This makes it even more for the scientists to collect data. Overall, there are many complications involved when studying the deep, but new discoveries are made everyday. These discoveries of the deep could revolutionize life all around the world.]]> 2016-10-11 00:07:43 UTC https://padlet.com/barbera_vittorio/9fl0lv8qdat1/wish/129659183