Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive materials to diagnose and determine the severity of or treat a disease. Its helpful since it points out specific molecular activity and can the detect the disease in its earlier stages. Nuclear medicine imaging procedures are painless medical tests done with the help of radioactive substances called radiopharmaceuticals. It also offers therapeutic procedures like use of radioactive iodine to treat cancer. Nuclear medicine technology can diagnose malfunctioning in various body parts like: - heart (by using myocardial perfusion scan) -lungs (scanning lungs for respiratory and blood flow problems) -brain (detect diseases like Alzheimer disease) This is an advancing technology which ensures better future for mankind.

Westinghouse SMR

-mineral deficiency in bones (osteoporosis)

-kidney malfunctioning (renal disease)

-gastrointestinal diseases

-thyroid cancer (treated by ¹³¹I )

In 1905 Albert Einstein published his revolutionary special theory of relativity, note universally accepted as the basis of modern physics. A consequence of this theory is that the relation between mass and energy is E=mc2 Turning matter into energy or we can call it nuclear energy more surviving specifically. If you apply the equation to 1 kg of mass you find it would be rainwater l equivalent to the energy released by 22 megatons of TNT. Nuclear fission(splitting of atom) was first discovered in 1938. In the US the Manhattan project was launched in 1942 to turn the potential into an actual atomic weapon, which succeeded in 1945. The basic for this nuclear reaction was chain reaction. The 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing was actually type of nuclear fission reaction. The two bombs'Little boy' and 'Fat man' were the U-235, uranium. There is another type called nuclear fusion (joining of two light nuclei). The nuclear fusion process in nature is the energy source for stars, generating the light and heat we get from our sun and the light we see from distant stars. Nuclear fusion requires very high temperature, so it's not feeding to get a fusion bomb.

- http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX5l0pgccZY&noredirect=1

- http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/portals/0/New%20Plants/AP1000/figure-smr%20comparison2.jpg

- http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2015/02/16/can-smrs-lead-the-u-s-into-a-clean-energy-future/

- https://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/SMR/images/4_ahwr300.JPG

- http://casenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/FuelCosts-450x438.jpg

Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7CmvdVMXeE

Books:

Nuclear Pharmacy edited by Blaine Templar Smith

Ed No.: first

Year 2010

City: London

Printed by: Pharmaceutical Press

Practical Radiography by Baldev Raj B Venkataraman

Ed No.: fifth

Year 2012

City: New Delhi

Published by: Narosa publishing House

Sites

Ans. A nuclear medicine study helps your doctor evaluate how a particular area of your body or organ system is working.There are nearly 100 different types of nuclear imaging procedures, including PET scans, bone scans, and heart scans

Q: How is NMT different from X-ray?

Ans. In X-ray, the rays are passed through the body and the detector detects the empty spaces in bones etc. while in NMT radioactive materials are injected into body and their radiations are studied via detector ,for e.g. Gamma camera.

Q: Can NMT sometimes become harmful?

Ans. Though it uses radioactive tracers, it is not a harmful technique, when handled carefully. But sometimes it is to avoid NMT for children and pregnant women.

According to my survey, Nuclear Medicine Technology is developed and well known among masses in countries like Canada, France, Austria, Belgium, Netherland, Germany, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, japan, Spain, Korea, England.

While it is less common among people of countries like India, Pakistan, Iran, Sri Lanka and some other parts of southern Asia.

Hence my target audience is people of Indian subcontinent. They must trust this new technology and its advantages over conventional  methods.

Purpose - To check their awareness about nuclear energy.

Q.Nuclear power plants use -

-Uranium -Radium

-Hydrogen -None of these

Q.Nuclear energy is a _______ source of energy.

-Renewable -Non-Renewable

-Not sure -None of these

Q.Nuclear energy ________ for meeting the country's electricity demands.

-Is not Required -Is necessary

-May be used as an  -None of these

alternative

Q.Which source of energy do you prefer the most?

-Natural Gas - Solar energy

-Nuclear energy - Wind

-Hydroelectricity - Oil

-Coal - None of these

Q.According to you, what is the main problem in using nuclear energy?

-Waste disposal - Quite expensive

-None of these - No problem

Q.Any suggestion to make nuclear energy as a better option over the other sources of power.

1.OPERATION CHARIOT(1958):

In 1958 Atomic Energy Commission proposed the notion of creating an artificial harbor at Cape Thompson in Alaska by firing of chain of nuclear explosions. The full scale would have required 2.4 megatons of explosives.

2. NATURAL GAS STIMULATION:

In 1973, 3 bombs were exploded underground in an area north of grand junction, Colorado, to stimulate the flow of natural gas and to extract it easily.

3. PROJECT ORION (1958):

want to go really fast in space? Just detonate some nuclear weapons behind your spacecraft and ride the blast! This was the crux of project ORION, introduced in

Scintigraphy: A diagnostic test in which a two-dimensional picture of a body radiation source is obtained through the use of radioisotopes.

Bone densitometry: It is a test like an X-ray that quickly and accurately measures the density of bone. It is used primarily to detect osteopenia or osteoporosis, diseases in which the bone's mineral and density are low and the risk of fractures is increased.

Necrosis: It is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.

Tomography: It refers to imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiography and other sciences.

MetaBase: It is a user-contributed database of biological databases, listing all the biological databases currently available on the internet.

This project can be started from South India due to the thorium (fuel) reserves and water bodies (coolant) there. A SMR can be installed in North-East , but it needs to be monitored effectively as that area is prone to excess rain or other natural calamities. Nevertheless, this is the best option for better electricity supply in those areas.

Then, we can consider setting up similiar models in large numbers for other parts of the country as well.

- Replacing conventional methods of medicine.

- Generation of high energy photons which can be used extensively in imaging techniques in NM

- Further advancements in imaging techniques.

Moreover, electricity or heat from nuclear power plants can be used to produce hydrogen. Reports suggest that hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to power cars, or can be burnt to provide heat instead of the gases, which produce emissions that can cause climate change.

After some modifications, the energy from nuclear isotopes can be used in place of electrical energy in equipments like watches, PCs, cars and other electromotive devices.

a) Yes b) No

Q- Do you think this technique can be harmful as it uses radio isotopes?

a) Yes b) No

Q- What do you think is the most common application of this technique?

a)- Radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy used to treat thyroid cancer

b)- Radioactive phosphorus (P-32) used to treat certain blood disorders

c)- Fluorine 18 used in radioisotope used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

1. www.ican.org

2. www.armscontrol.com

3. www.science.howsstuff.com

4. www.britannica.com

5. www.theguardian.com

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11e8XyUBqRQ

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aza-2wopCFY