nsmun 2024 background guide analysis for position 1 by 黃緯濠

For Position Paper

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 11:00:11 UTC

System

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 11:54:07 UTC

Bhutan has pioneered a self-sovereign identity (SSI) system that revolves around a digital wallet offering five levels of integration.

Put into five part

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 11:55:26 UTC

The first level

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allows users to access government services with a single sign-on function.

The second level

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 11:57:15 UTC

facilitates data exchange through proof requests and verifiable credentials (VCs) issuance

The third level

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 11:58:33 UTC

handles complex proof requests such as Know Your Customer (KYC) processes using multiple VCs.

The fourth level

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 12:01:12 UTC

enables cross-border collaborations, including a partnership with India’s Digi Yatra to incorporate boarding passes into Bhutan’s digital wallets.

The fifth level

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 12:02:44 UTC

includes the addition of an AI layer.

Key actor of the system

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 12:08:47 UTC

Biometrics is crucial in Bhutan’s digital ID system, particularly facial recognition for identity verification. The next release of the app may also include contactless fingerprint scanning. Bhutan has explored various biometric modalities, such as fingerprints, facial scans, irises, palms, and finger veins

Importance of the system

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 12:11:31 UTC

aligns with the principles of self-sovereign identity, giving users control over their data and the ability to consent for specific periods. Data is not stored centrally, and users can request the deletion of their data, including by the government

Reference of the information

weihao0429 — 2023-12-27 12:19:21 UTC

https://dig.watch/updates/bhutan-introduces-new-digital-identity-system

usage

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identify a person’s identity for National Digital Identity (NDI), Digital Wallet.

policies and actions

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action 1

weihao0429 — 2024-01-02 14:43:12 UTC

collected fingerprints and facial photos during the nationwide biometric data collection. The stored fingerprints and photos will be used case by case based on requirements.

what we use

weihao0429 — 2024-01-02 14:44:19 UTC

live finger scanner and DSL digital camera to ensure the right quality of data.

reference

weihao0429 — 2024-01-02 14:47:31 UTC

https://thebhutanese.bt/how-biometrics-will-be-used-to-identify-individuals-for-national-digital-identity/

https://www.biometricupdate.com/202306/bhutan-prepares-to-vote-on-its-national-identity-bill

references

weihao0429 — 2024-01-02 15:02:26 UTC

2.https://www.biometricupdate.com/202312/bhutan-stands-up-self-sovereign-identity-with-a-small-team-and-smaller-budget

3.https://www.biometricupdate.com/202307/bhutan-adopts-national-identity-bill

4.https://www.mfa.gov.bt/passport/biometrics/

5.https://www.dataguidance.com/opinion/australia-oaic-cracks-down-retailers-using-facial

6.https://www.global-counsel.com/insights/blog/changing-faces-differing-approaches-regulating-facial-recognition-technology-uk-and

7.https://www.biometricupdate.com/202302/bhutan-launches-self-sovereign-biometric-digital-id-crown-prince-first-to-enroll

8.https://www.biometricupdate.com/202306/bhutans-digital-id-bill-scales-through-national-assembly-amid-accountability-concerns

9.https://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=197290

10.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366880061_AI_Widens_the_Gap_between_the_Rich_and_the_Poor

可討論的子議題

weihao0429 — 2024-01-02 15:03:59 UTC

換臉技術對臉部辨識帶來的影響

QTC

weihao0429 — 2024-01-02 15:11:21 UTC

1. 臉部辨識技術的準確性和偏差對社會影響如何影響邊緣化社群並加劇現有的不平等？
2. 臉部辨識技術有哪些濫用和誤用的潛在風險？我們如何建立保障措施和法規來防止此類濫用，同時確保該技術的道德部署？
3. 我們如何讓公共和私人實體對與部署和使用臉部辨識技術相關的任何違規或濫用行為負責？
4. 如何解決臉部辨識技術的偏見和不準確問題，以確保不同族群的公平待遇？
5. 可以製定哪些法律和監管措施來對在部署和使用臉部辨識技術時違反道德準則的實體施加後果？

policy 1

weihao0429 — 2024-01-03 14:01:07 UTC

increase penalties for unlawful disclosure of credentials, non-compliance with directions and identity theft

policy 2

weihao0429 — 2024-01-03 14:25:50 UTC

In the [National Digital Identity] system, if others want to see Bhutanese people' s data, only government can disclose it to them. If it is for medical purposes, only the patients can disclose their data to the doctor from my wallet.”

purpose of NDI

weihao0429 — 2024-01-03 14:27:23 UTC

create easier access to government services such as issuing passports. The ID and other credentials will be available in a smartphone digital wallet with fingerprints and face biometrics required for identity authentication.

problems and solutions

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feature

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feature 1

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the country started working on SSI only about 2 years ago. The national digital identity credential is served from a digital wallet produced by the agency, and launched with the enrollment of Bhutan’s crown prince in February.

feature 2

weihao0429 — 2024-01-03 14:43:45 UTC

establishing digital identity and other digital public infrastructure among developing nations, and digital wallets and SSI in both the world’s rich and poorer nations all converge in the story of how tiny Bhutan leapfrogged most of the world to set up a cost-effective, decentralized digital ID with a small team amidst practical constraints.

feature 3

weihao0429 — 2024-01-03 14:48:29 UTC

Bhutan’s digital ID uses a trust register which lists schemas and who can issue and verify credentials

problem1 new

weihao0429 — 2024-01-08 13:40:15 UTC

Bhutan is amongst the poorest and least-developed countries in the world, ranked 134th out of 203 by the United Nations Development Programme.

solution 1 new

weihao0429 — 2024-01-08 14:37:37 UTC

In the case of a cancelled credential, a revocation agent updates the credential, rather than the relying party referring to a revocation registry.

solution 2 new

weihao0429 — 2024-01-08 14:40:29 UTC

The NDI was created by the Digital Identity Act to take over the digital ID platform, and the Act provides the specifications for a digital ID regulator. NDI is owned by DHI, which Bhutan’s Department of Finance is the sole shareholder of. The government is funding NDI through next June, but has appointed an independent CEO and is establishing an independent board of directors.

這些紫色的也可以放到藍色裡

weihao0429 — 2024-01-08 14:43:24 UTC

what we can do in the future. new

weihao0429 — 2024-01-08 14:45:51 UTC

As the penetration rate increases, public engagement is key, so Bhutan NDI has its own YouTube channel to communicate with the populace. The agency had to train people to teach others, had to write an FAQ, and perhaps most challenging of all, had to teach Bhutan’s people what SSI is.

looking ahead

weihao0429 — 2024-01-08 14:47:04 UTC

look ahead 2 new

weihao0429 — 2024-01-08 14:49:26 UTC

Usefulness is another key to the adoption plan. There are about 20 partners for level 1 of the wallet (the SSO capability), and 6 level 2 partners (for credential exchanges). The plan for the next release is to increase those partner numbers to 50 and 25, respectively.