https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o Made with magic en-us 2018-03-12 18:44:54 UTC 2024-05-27 04:28:27 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Xmastree.png https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246280718 I think that plants are intelligent in the aspect that they are able to strategize to find prey and survive despite being stationary. It's just puzzling because plants have no nervous system and no brain; they have no organ that mediates responses to stimulus, yet they do so. Plants, like animals, communicate, reproduce sexually, grow, and regenerate. there have been studies done to show that plants exhibit sensitivity and learn from past experiences, grow in favorable places, and even adapt to outsmart prey. Plants have prove themselves to be intelligent, so intelligent that they puzzle scientists and others alike as to how these mechanisms operate.

]]> 2018-03-26 20:20:29 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246280718 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282483 I would argue that plants are intelligent because they are able to communicate with each other and have a physiological response due to chemicals from other plants in the air. First of all, in the experiment with the dodder vine, researchers found that, "given a choice between a tomato and wheat, the dodder will choose tomato." This shows that plants could be considered intelligent because the dodder vine is able to make decisions and choose which plant it wants to attach to. Although plants do not have a brain, they are able to have a physiological responses due to the "smells" of nearby plant. Due to these factors, I would argue that plants have intelligent, or intelligent like behavior. ]]> 2018-03-26 20:27:45 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282483 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282614 Yes, I believe that plants are intelligent because they adapt to their environment including temperature, predation, food supply, and more. Plants, like many living beings, have an ability to communicate with each other. Through chemical signals plants can communicate with each other in order to warm neighboring leaves and plants of attack. Through the tomato experiment, we discovered that the dodder was drawn to the tomato plant based on its smell not its look or texture. This proves that the plant species is very smart. This allows them to increase their chance of survival. This intelligence intrigues scientists to learn more about the plant world. ]]> 2018-03-26 20:28:17 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282614 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282871 Plants are intelligent because they are able to find food, communicate with one another, and defend themselves against herbivores. For example, the dodder vine is able to locate food using scent. Experiments showed that it could recognize the scent of tomato plants and would consciously choose to grow towards a tomato plant. Additionally, several species of plants can send signals that warn other plants to protect themselves against herbivores. Willow trees can send signals that allow each other to protect themselves against caterpillars. The wild mustard flower can signal to predators of caterpillars to rid themselves of the caterpillars. Overall, this demonstrates how plants are able to apply skills in furthering their survival.]]> 2018-03-26 20:29:19 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282871 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282938 I do believe that plants are intelligent, just not the way we typically think of intelligence. Numerous studies have shown that plants have the ability to adapt to their surroundings, including being able to outsmart both predators and prey, learn from their experiences, and even help one another. Plants have incredibly complex systems that allow them to notice their surroundings and act accordingly - the dodder smelling out the tomato plant, other plants restricting root growth so as to not compete with sibling plants. Furthermore, as explained in the article, plants were able to hijack the communication systems of their neighbors as a means of protecting themselves. Despite lacking a brain and being typically stationary organisms, these plants have found ways around these deficits to ensure their survival. ]]> 2018-03-26 20:29:34 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282938 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282982 I think plants are intelligent because they are able to interpret signals other plants give off in the form of chemicals that smell. For example, dodder plants are able to choose the better "prey" - by this I mean that they take the signal the perfume of tomato plants and know that this is their preferred victim. Scientist Consuelo De Moraes tested this by coating the wheat plant with tomato perfume, and, as expected, the dodder plant chose the wheat with the tomato scent. This is just one example in which plants are "intelligent." Intelligence is defined as the "ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills." It is questionable whether plants are considered to have this ability because they do not have a brain like us. However, they apply the knowledge that will help them survive, so it is safe to say they are intelligent, but it is confusing as to how they are able to apply this intelligence. ]]> 2018-03-26 20:29:45 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246282982 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246283373 I think that plants are intelligent because they have the ability to interact with their environment in a way that seems to demonstrates they can think for themselves. As seen with the Dodder plants, these organisms have the ability to sense there prey and react in ways to best increase there chance of survival. Because plants have the ability to interact with their other plants through the use of chemical signals we can infer that plants indeed have the basis of a life form capable
 of thinking for themselves. Another example is a type of tree that when caterpillars are eating leaves they release a chemical signal that prepares the other trees, with similar genomes to themselves, to prepare their leaves with a chemical toxin that is poisonous to  caterpillars. This complex interaction between species of plants illustrates that plants are intelligent life forms.]]> 2018-03-26 20:31:07 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246283373 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246284062 Plants are intelligent because they are able to interpret the distress signals that are sent off by other plants to respond with their own signals. Plants are also capable of interpreting which food source will be most beneficial to them. For example, the Dodder vine is capable of determining by itself the scents of a tomato plant, as well as knowing that the tomato plant with benefit it the most compared to other plants. Plants also have somewhat of a family structure, in that they will provide for their young by controlling their root growth.]]> 2018-03-26 20:33:18 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246284062 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246284201 I don't think plants are intelligent. They produce certain chemicals that release smells and affect other plants to protect them against a danger, but this is an unconscious reaction to the danger. The article states that these plants always do this when they are attacked, which shows that they are not deciding whether to signal to other plants or not. If they were intelligent, they would consciously decide whether to send a signal to neighboring plants or not. Also, the chemical is not meant to be for other plants. Scientists say other plants just "eavesdrop" on damaged plants. This shows that the plant is not intentionally signaling to other plants to warn them of danger. ]]> 2018-03-26 20:33:43 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246284201 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246284966 I believe that plants have properties that allow them to communicate even without a nervous system. Though Heil's experiment, he found that after being in the same general area as plants emitting gases, other plants in that area also end up emitting that same gas. This shows that the plants do communicate through chemicals. Through a more detailed experiment, they found that leaves that were attacked by insects or bacteria emit these signals to other of their nearby leaves to signal a warning. This helps lima beans survive because the emission of chemical signals warns its neighbors. ]]> 2018-03-26 20:36:29 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246284966 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285090 I believe that plants are intelligent and are more than capable to communicate with other plants. The Dodder plant, for example, showed multiple signs in various experiments that proved the claim.  When the Dodder plant was placed in by artificial plants and empty pots, it made no move to grow towards them, but when placed next to a tomato plant, it took action and began entwining itself around the other plant. This suggests that the Dodder plant can actually smell the tomato plant's chemical scent and, using this information, can grow in the direction it needs to survive. Although plants seem to be organisms that can't think for themselves, a second glance shows that these creatures may be more complex and intelligent than we know.]]> 2018-03-26 20:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285090 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285385 I believe that plants are intelligent because they have the capacity to adjust to their environment. For example, plants' roots grow at a rapid rate, but slow down once they hit a nutrient patch in the soil. Additionally, the Dodder vine is a plant that exhibits intelligence as they are able to "sniff out" their prey through chemical signaling. Plants have also been found to have restrained root growth in the presence of members of their family, indicating that they conserve resources in order to share with their kin. They also emit odors in the presence of danger as a means of warning nearby plants. Although plants lack a complex nervous system, it is evident that they still exhibit intelligence. 

]]> 2018-03-26 20:38:05 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285385 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285400 I do think that plants are intelligent because they have characteristics that are very similar to those of animals and other complex organisms. Not only are they able to adapt and respond to their environment, but they can also communicate with one another to improve the rate of survival and reproduction. Although they lack things that may seem crucial, such as eyes, hands, and mobility, they are able to understand their surroundings. For instance, in the article, we learned that the dodder was able to find the tomato plant even without eyes. Therefore, I believe that plants are intelligent because they exhibit many characteristics that animals have even when lacking mobility.

]]> 2018-03-26 20:38:09 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285400 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285626 I believe that plants are intelligent. Not necessarily in the ways that humans are intelligent, but in other ways. The way the dodder plant is able to sense the tomato plant and wrap itself around it shows that they do have a capability for intelligence. Although the dodder plant does not have any sensors to smell the tomato plant, it is still able to detect certain chemicals and convert them into a signal, which can be considered as an intelligent action. Plants can do incredible things such as change in appearance and sense who their "sibling plants" are. They can adapt to their environment and change the way the grow and develop. Overall, all the small and large  actions that each plant does to help itself and others shows that it is intelligent. ]]> 2018-03-26 20:39:04 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285626 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285653 I do believe plants are intelligent. in the video that we watched in class and in the video linked to this assignment, there was plenty of evidence proving that plants are in fact intelligent. The most obvious example is the Venus fly trap. It has animal like behaviors where it draws prey in and closes its trap and eats the prey alive. There also was the example of the plants that release toxins/an aroma to attract predators to the predators preying on the plant. Finally there was the example of the vine plant that purposely selects the tomato plant to attach it self to. by choosing it provides a better life for itself and evidence that plants have unique behaviors and are not completely reliant on the environment.]]> 2018-03-26 20:39:10 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246285653 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246287341 Plants can be described as intelligent due to their ability to adapt to their surrounding environment in order to survive. In the video "What Plants Talk About", several scientists carried out an experiment that showed that the Dodder vine was able to actively choose which plant to attach to. Initially, the scientists planted wheat and tomato seeds on both sides of the dodder vine. When the plants grew, the dodder vine went towards the tomato plant. In a later experiment, the scientists captured the scent of a tomato plant along with another tomato that they couldn't smell. Once again, the vine went towards the tomato plant with the scent, proving that the dodder vines can actively chooses its host by using scent. This allows the vine to absorb some of the sugars from the host plant's stem, thus growing and surviving. This experiment proved that plants are intelligent.]]> 2018-03-26 20:46:01 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246287341 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246287656 I think that plants are intelligent, because they are able to adapt to their environment. In addition, plants are able to communicate with each other about the various  stimuli present in their surrounding. If a plant is feeling threatened by a predator(let's say a caterpillar), then the plant releases a chemical that attracts the  predator of the caterpillar. In the tomato experiment, scientists discovered that the dodder was drawn to the tomato by its smell.This can increase the survival rate of the plant, by allowing them to tilt in the direction of their food source

]]> 2018-03-26 20:47:23 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246287656 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246287771 2018-03-26 20:47:52 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246287771 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291492 I think plants are smart because they are able to send signals and communicate with the environment around them. In the experiment with the Cuscuta Pentagona, the vine knows where the tomato plant is based on its smell. With the "communicating trees", once trees knew caterpillars were already there, they released chemicals toxic to the caterpillars, so they weren't infested anymore. They can protect themselves from their threats using chemicals triggered by their environments.]]> 2018-03-26 21:03:38 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291492 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291496 I think that plants are, in fact, intelligent. Even though they do not have a brain or a nervous system, they are still able to "communicate" and "choose" which plant they want to  predate on. In the video and article we read in class, this can be seen. For example, the dodder vine chooses to wrap itself around the tomato plant because of the chemical signals the tomato plant sends out. Plants are also able to adapt to the environment, just like animals. This is why I believe plants are intelligent.

]]> 2018-03-26 21:03:39 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291496 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291507 Yes. I believe that the plants are intelligent because they are able to adapt to the different environments, similar to complex organisms. Also, similar to animals, the plants are able to move towards the environments that are more favorable, which make them very complex. In addition, they are able to protect themselves from animal predators by emitting smells or toxins that the animals do not want to be near to. The dodder is also attracted to tomatoes by the smell rather than texture. This helps their survival in different environments.]]> 2018-03-26 21:03:41 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291507 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291548 I believe that plants should be considered intelligent because of the finding that they are able to communicate through the use of hormones and because they are able to react to stimuli in their environment. In studies, it was revealed that plants can react to attacks from insects such as caterpillars and are able to outsmart these predators via hormonal signals and reactions. 

]]> 2018-03-26 21:03:54 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291548 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291664 I think that plants are intelligent because they are able to adapt to change. For example, they can communicate with other plants. They can also sense when nutrients are in the soil and slow down becsue of it. All this helps a plant survive. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:04:25 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291664 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291712 According to Stephen Hawking's definition of intelligence, plants are intelligent as they can respond to sunlight using auxins. This shows that they can change according to environmental factors. Additionally, when herbivores start consuming plants, the plant begins to emit some signals, in some cases, tells a predator to eat the herbivore that is eating the plants. Another example of plant communication is how plants can communicate using ethylene and even induce ripening in other plants. All in all, plants display an ability to send signals and respond to the environment]]> 2018-03-26 21:04:39 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246291712 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246292174 I actually believe that plants are intelligent because although they are able to adapt to their environments, I do not believe that they do so consciously. It it currently a topic for debate, but it seems highly unlikely to me that plants have a system like the nervous system of the human that allows it to choose how to act in a certain situation. Instead, I believe that plants are able to react to certain stimuli, both chemical and other types. This system allows them to adapt but does not prove intelligence. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:06:54 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246292174 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246295405 I believe that plants are intelligent because of their ability to adapt to their environments and communicate even though they do not have a nervous system. In the article, What a Plant Smells, dodder vines know how to wrap themselves around a tomato plant to get the sugars it needs due to their reactions to chemical signals and stimuli. This evidence shows that plants are able to adapt to environments similar to animals. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:22:50 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246295405 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246295872 Although I find it fascinating that plants are able to detect those that are similar to them, and possibly help their young out as we saw in the video, I don't think that plants are intelligent. Intelligence includes the capacity to understand, and I think that the plants act on autopilot as opposed to consciously understanding what they are doing. Although they are able to emit a smell in times of danger and detect warnings from others, I don't think it is intelligence as much as it is an adaptation.]]> 2018-03-26 21:25:07 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246295872 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246295919 Plants can be considered intelligent based on different interpretations of the definition of intelligence. I personally consider plants to not be intelligent organisms. It actually all comes down to one's interpretation of intelligence. Plants are somewhat sentient in that they are aware of their surroundings, such as the dodder plant having the capability of smelling out a suitable tomato plant and that can be determined as intelligent since they are organisms that can respond to their acquired knowledge of their environment and apply it in a way to benefit themselves. But this can also be attributed to just plain adaptation to the natural environment. The dodder plant has evolved the ability to be more sentient to its surroundings at the expense of its own ability to produce nutrition for itself, hence its parasitic nature. Good adaptation factors that allow an organism to survive in its environment is different from intelligence. I would define intelligence as having the mental capacity to learn from the environment, apply the knowledge to changing the environment to one's own benefit, and can actually retain the information to apply to a different situation if needed. Plants aren't able to do that, they just have really good adaptation skills.  ]]> 2018-03-26 21:25:15 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246295919 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246296265 Yes, I believe that plants are intelligent. To humans, intelligence is measured in IQ and how fast the brain can solve problems. However, plants have a different kind of intelligence. They are intelligent in their own way. An example of this is the way plants produce chemicals to attract help and send out chemical signals to nearby plants. The chemical signals can also be the one factor between life and death. AN example of this is Dodder vine. It chooses only tomato plants due to the chemical scent that the tomato plant gives out. If it doesn't find a tomato plant or any host then it would die. Here, chemical scents are being used in order to sustain life force even if the tomato plant is at risk. Thus, I believe that plants have a survival intelligence that allows for communication between plants and animals. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:26:57 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246296265 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246296356 I believe plants are extremely intelligent because they have the capacity to adapt to various environments. Plants have the ability to communicate with each other which not only benefits them individually but also the rate of survival and reproduction. A prime example in the video would be the Dodder plant. This plant is able to make decisions on its own on which plant it wants to attach to. In this particular case, the dodder vine would prefer the tomato plant because the vine is attracted to the chemical signals released by the tomato plant. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:27:35 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246296356 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246296864 Plants are intelligent because they have developed a way to decide which plant to attack, as well as defend against other mobile predators. 
The first example is with the dodder plant, where according to the author of " What a Plant Smells" Daniel Chamovitz says, "After smelling its way to a suitable host, a parasitic dodder vine wraps itself around a tomato plant, sucking out vital juices." The dodder plant has the option to make a decision and choose which plant to attack. If the plant was dumb, it would just choose the closest plant, but it isn't, which makes it smart. The plant knows that the tomato plant will give it the nutrients it needs, and not to go for any nearby plant. This is why a plant is intelligent, it has the option to choose. 

]]> 2018-03-26 21:30:06 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246296864 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297021 Based on the definition of intelligence provided by Stephen Hawking, plants by definition are intelligent. As plant have adapted over generations in response to certain conditions. Using the tomato plant as an example and its ability to release a certain chemical that can induce growth and cause a variety of other reactions. However the counterargument to this could be that this is merely an adaptation. Using the actual dictionary definition of intelligence, plants are not capable of acquiring knowledge and applying it. Plants simply have developed a system to respond to a problem over the course of millions of years. Plant themselves did not make this system but rather it was favored via natural selection and resulted in they widespread frequency of this trait. They did not consciously understand the problem at hand and formulate a solution but rather through random mutations, this trait was favored and became present in all tomato plants.]]> 2018-03-26 21:31:02 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297021 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297063 I believe that plants are intelligent. According to the Plant Signaling article, plants, such as the Cuscuta Pentagona are able to "detect a volatile chemical in the air... and... convert this signal into a physiological response." Plants such as Cuscuta Pentagona purposefully grow towards tomato plants' stems, and they are able to differentiate between tomato odor and wheat odor, thus indicating that they have some intelligent capability to differentiate between the resources present in their environment. Plants such as Cuscuta Pentagona also have the key capability to warn other plants of the possibility of attack by insects by releasing certain chemicals into the air. Thus because plants are able to detect, respond, and protect themselves, they must be intelligent. Although they may not have a brain or a nervous system to guide this intelligent activity, their ability to respond to their environment indicates their intelligence. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:31:15 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297063 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297289 I believe that plants are intelligent because they have illustrated their ability to adapt to changes in their environment. According to the Plant Signaling article, plants such as the Cuscuta have the ability to realize where their food is through detection of volatile compounds. The plant utilizes olfaction to choose specifically which source of food would be more beneficial to it. Although this is an adaptation and becomes inherent through evolution, it also demonstrates plant intelligence as it shows the choice plants face and the fact that they are choosing which food will help them survive better. The article also mentions that plants are able to secrete certain chemicals when they are attacked by insects, such as chemicals to attract bugs that will eat the insects on the plant. The idea that plants can activate defense mechanisms through chemical signals and know when they are being threatened indicates they must have an idea of their surroundings. They also are able to respond to other signals from other plants to better protect themselves; their overall ability to adapt to their surroundings shows their intelligence.]]> 2018-03-26 21:31:54 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297289 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297347 I believe plants are intelligent due to their ability to respond to their environment. For example, the Cuscuta, a parasitic plant, chooses the nutrients it will attack. An experiment by Consuelo De Moraes tested her hypothesis that the Cuscuta plant actually smelled the tomato. Under the experiment's conditions, the Cuscuta plant always grew towards the tomato. In the video, What Plants Talk About, a desert plant communicated with  organisms in the environment. If the plant was under attack from a caterpillar, it would send a signal to beetles, a predator of the caterpillar. Those pieces of evidence shows that plants are able to respond to the environment and 
are intelligent.]]> 2018-03-26 21:32:01 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297347 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297411 Based on the article, I believe that plants exhibit characteristics that show intelligence. Their ability to react to danger such as an attack by an insect shows active response to signals. Their communication with other plants using airborne chemicals shows that they consciously respond to stimuli in a way that shows intelligence. An example of a plant understanding its surrounds is seen in the dodder plant as it grows towards the tomato plant for its own benefit instead of growing to the wheat or other plant. Plants fit the definition of "adapting to change" when they react to different dangers in their environment and show intelligence by changing the way they grow and develop. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:32:24 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297411 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297486 I think that plants are intelligent for they react to their environment and communicate with their environment.  For example,  the plant mentioned in the video was able to emit chemical signals when its predator, the caterpillar, is present on the plant. The plant emits this signal to the caterpillar's predator, a beetle. The dodder vine is also a great example of a reaction to the environment. This was done via the sense of smell, and was tested by De Mores. They tested this by taking concentrated esters originating from the tomato, and an actual tomato plant. The plant had chosen the aroma, proving that plants can smell. The ability to process this smell and react is sufficient evidence that plants are intelligent since they responded to a certain type of stimuli. This response to stimuli is sufficient evidence that plants are intelligent.]]> 2018-03-26 21:32:50 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297486 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297641 I believe that plants are intelligent, even though they lack a nervous system. They possess certain adaptations such as responding to signals and chemicals in their environment, similar to how animals and other complex organisms respond to their environment. For instance, when a dodder plant was given the opportunity to choose between the scents of tomatoes and wheat, the plant reacted to the stimuli by being drawn to the tomato. Plants can also emit chemicals into their surroundings, which allow them to communicate to other plants and possible predators and respond to distress. These properties along with many others allow me to believe that plants are in fact intelligent. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:33:56 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297641 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297770 I do not believe plants are intelligent. In other words, I do not believe plants are making conscience decisions for survival, but rather they are reacting and growing in relation to their environment. Plant life adapts very quickly to their environment based on biotic and abiotic signals. For example, a plant will grow around other plants and towards sunlight in order for better light absorption, or they might secrete a toxin to repel insect predators. The dodder vine plant does not conscientiously make its preferable decision to grow and attach to a tomato plant, but "the tomato gives off other volatile chemicals that the dodder is attracted to, making a an overall irresistible dodder-attracting fragrance"  (Chamovitz).]]> 2018-03-26 21:34:43 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297770 rh5584 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297910 Plants should not be considered intelligent (*don't hate me for this). The word "intelligent" can be loosely described as the ability to respond to varying situations in a variety of ways based upon past experience. I feel that plants do not entirely satisfy this definition, as their response to stimuli is mainly driven by genetics rather than a sense of consciousness. They lack the ability to both hypothesize, choose, and execute a solution to a problem, a characteristic perhaps unique to humans; their response to stimuli is always the same if the stimuli is the same and it has evolved over time, rather than been learned through experience. For me, I think that to be considered "intelligent," an organism or species must demonstrate the ability to identify an enormous range of problems and potential problems (the ability of foresight) and choose a solution that best fits the problem. Plants fall short for this because they cannot "think" of the past and the future (from what we can tell) and always have the same genetic-based solution to every problem. For humans, our genes do not completely determine the the response to stimuli past childhood.

For example, the lima bean plant consistently releases airborne chemicals and a special nectar that attracts beetle-eating anthropoids when it is attacked by beetles. Although scientists favor consistency in their experiments, I feel like it is the characteristic of plants that makes them unintelligent. Every single time a plant is attacked by a specific insect, it secretes a specific chemical to counter it. In contrast, give a population of humans a specific problem or enemy, and they will choose among a variety of responses through their own intuition and experience (such as flight, fight, or freeze response).

Ben N. I dare you to write more.]]> 2018-03-26 21:35:38 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246297910 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298087 I believe that plants are intelligent because they know how to respond to predators and adapt to the environment. 
     One example is in the video, it explains how plants can communicate with the predator of its predator when it is being attacked.  Also a plant called the Custcuta Pentagona are able to detect volatile chemical and using that, it can change it into a physiological response.  These plants can differentiate between different odors, showing some sort of intelligence. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:36:30 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298087 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298106 In my opinion, plants are intelligent because they defend themselves and react virtually the same way that animals do in their environment. For example, "the dodder bends and grows and rotates until finally it finds a tomato leaf. But rather than touch the leaf, the dodder sinks down and keeps moving until it finds the stem of the tomato plant (Chamovitz)." The dodder plant is capable of finding its prey just by identifying a chemical signal released by tomatoes. Although they are very different from animals and do not act the same way as animals do, they do have some level of intelligence to be able to survive.]]> 2018-03-26 21:36:37 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298106 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298228 Although plants do not fit into the typical definition of intelligence, they still have the ability to be fluid, active members of their environments. Intelligence can be defined as the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and plants can do just that. For example, when vine plants are given with the option to go towards a juicy tomato plant or wheat plant, they almost always choose the tomato plant. The vine plant uses smells and other chemical signals to identify which type of plant it should latch onto. Thus, plants are using the knowledge they have acquired to make conscience decisions for their survival. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:37:23 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298228 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298232 I think plants are intelligent because they are able to analyze their environment/situation they are in and react based off of their observations. For example, when a plant is being infested by bugs, it releases a scent that basically says that it is being attacked, and other plants, after "smelling" the scent, begin to release scents that help defend themselves from those bugs. Using these scents, plants are able to communicate with one another and help the species survive.

]]> 2018-03-26 21:37:24 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298232 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298782 I think that plants are intelligent, because they are able to detect sources of food in their vicinity and show preference for a specific food. The Dodder vine, in the experiment by De Moraes, showed signs of detecting chemical signals and then moving toward the signal to attach to a plant. The idea of a plant foraging similar to animals shows intelligence. Moreover, the Dodder vine also shows preference where in the experiment, the vine showed a preference for the tomato when present with a tomato and  some wheat by detecting the  chemicals from both plants and then choosing to grow towards the tomato. 
Plants also show their intelligence when they show their ability to communicate with other plants. In the lima bean experiment, the neighboring plants are "eavesdropping" on the plants that were attacked by the beetles and then protected themselves from the beetle with the same volatile chemicals that the attacked plants had around their leaves. So the ability to process information about a nearby plant being attacked and use that information to protect oneself is indicative of intelligence. Therefore, plants are intelligent. 
All in all plants are intelligent, because they have the ability to process a situation and then react in a manner that is beneficial for them. They show preference and they can process information about their surrounding. So they are intelligent.]]> 2018-03-26 21:40:30 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298782 jennifermei95 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298919 I think that plants are intelligent, as they are able to adapt to different environments and communicate, and they can interpret the chemical signals given off by other plants. The Dodder plant is able to choose a plant to wrap around based on the chemical signals and scent that the tomato plant gives out, even though they don't have a nervous system. Although they may not be the typical idea of intelligent, they are able to adapt to their environments and can respond to it as so, even if done so unconsciously, and this is indicative of intelligence.]]> 2018-03-26 21:41:23 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298919 ct5574 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298955 I believe that plants are intelligent, albeit in a different way than we are familiar with. Plants such as the dodder are able to seek out and find favorable tomato plants to survive regardless of the situation they are placed in. In an experiment run by Consuelo De Moraes, she placed the scent of tomato on one cotton swab and the scent of wheat on the other. Although the two scents are extremely similar, certain chemical indicators were detected by the plant and it moved towards the tomato swab. In addition to this, plants are able to communicate with each other. For example, a willow tree infested by caterpillars will give off a volatile chemical signal in the air, and nearby trees will receive the danger signal. Plants cannot "think" for themselves, but they are capable of performing functions that show very basic intelligence. 

]]> 2018-03-26 21:41:40 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246298955 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246299312 Before we decide whether plants are intelligent, I think it is important to define our terms. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines intelligence as "the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations." Using this definition, I do not believe that plants are alive because they do not learn from their environment.
For example, some use the example that mother trees supply their youngest ones with more carbon dioxide so that they can grow as evidence that plants possess a certain degree of intelligence. However, this is only a system of pre-programmed biochemical reactions; there is no conscious decision on the mother tree's part . If the level of carbon dioxide were to decrease so that there were a shortage, the plant can recognize that there is a lack of carbon dioxide, but it can't learn from that.]]> 2018-03-26 21:43:46 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246299312 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246299494 Plants are intelligent because they are able to act differently depending on the environment they are in. Plants can use a variety of chemical signals to communicate with each other. For example, when a lima bean plant is attacked by beetles or other insects, a chemical is emitted to send signals to its other leaves to prepare for an attack. Other lima bean plants can eavesdrop on these signals are use them to be better prepared. Another plant that makes use of chemical signals is the dodder parasite, which can detect the odor given off by tomato plants in order to find them and attach themselves. Through both of these examples, it is clearly shown that plants are able to be aware of the environment surrounding them, which can be interpreted as a form of intelligence.]]> 2018-03-26 21:44:56 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246299494 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246299749 In order to answer the question of plant intelligence, one must understand the definition of intelligence itself. Intelligence, in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is defined as an ability to learn from and adapt to surroundings. Plants have been known to adapt to their surroundings, in the case of the dodder vine, are able to choose where they would want to attach in order to survive and get nutrients, a clear sign that plants are able to adapt to their environments and seemingly make the best choice. Plants are also able to use cell signaling as a way to regulate the amount of predators attracted to them, which helps maintain homeostasis. They are able to react to stimuli, a key factor in being defined as intelligent. One must also remember to look at plant intelligence without using a human scope of intelligence;  other words, intelligence is defined differently based on different organisms. Because plants are able to adapt to their environments, they fit the definition of being intelligent. However, they are not sentient because they are not self aware. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:46:28 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246299749 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246300104 The definition of intelligence according to Google is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. According to this definition, I do think plants are intelligent. Plants can acquire information from their environment and respond in a way that is beneficial to them. For example, in the video, once a plant learns that there are nutrients at a certain location in the dirt, it will respond with rapid growth towards the source. This displays an incident of acquiring knowledge and then applying it. Another examples of obtaining knowledge the acting based on it is the relationship between plants. Plants from the same parent will grow around each other, more collaboratively and less competitively. Versus, two plants from different parents will grow against each other and try to crowd the other out. They are applying the knowledge of similar parentage to benefit the pass on of their genes. ]]> 2018-03-26 21:48:43 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246300104 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246300894 I believe that plants are not intelligent because they do not have the ability to learn or make decisions. When a dodder vine "makes the decision" to grow towards a tomato plant, that is not because of conscious comprehension but rather a naturally inherited response to a specific chemical signal. Claiming that this is proof of intelligence would mean that individual cells inside your own body must also be intelligent. Taking chemical signals and responding to them does not necessarily mean that a plant is smart, but rather it is just another complex organism.]]> 2018-03-26 21:54:30 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246300894 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246301357 To be intelligent, an organism has to be able to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. It is true that plants have excellent adaptations- their intricate systems of cell signaling allow them to sense the environment around them. For example, dodders can grow towards tomato plants because they can respond that way to chemicals that tomato plants release into the air. But this is an adaptation, not something acquired by the organism. Changing flower color, growing towards the sun, etc. are all beneficial adaptations that were selected for after the mutation was created in germ cells. One may argue that mimosa plants are "intelligent". They curl up their leaves when they fall, but once they fall a certain number of times, when they realize that falls are not harmful, they stop curling their leaves. Studies (http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/12/15/can-a-plant-remember-this-one-seems-to-heres-the-evidence/) show that it is not due to a lack of energy, but a complex signaling system. Since this is similar to acquiring knowledge, even though the plant doesn't have a nervous system, it can still be intelligent. But the examples articles have shown mostly seem to be fixed adaptations. It's just the way we describe them ("smelling" another plant, warning neighbors) that make them sound intelligent, when in fact we are just describing good adaptations that all organisms possess.

]]> 2018-03-26 21:58:04 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246301357 jz1979 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246302476 From the evidence in the article and video, I believe that plants do possess some degree of intelligence. The most apparent example is the dodder plant that has appeared both in the article today and the video we watched last Friday. Its intelligence can be seen in its ability to select its prey through sensing chemical signals sent out by possible prey, allowing it to select the most beneficial one. An strong example from the video would be the venus fly trap that is able to exhibit animal-like behaviors in attracting and catching prey. All of these behaviors are complex and cannot be executed without intelligence of some extent.

]]> 2018-03-26 22:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246302476 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246307476 I believe that plants are intelligent. Since intelligence entails being able to acquire and apply knowledge and/or skills,  plants fall under this category because of how they are able to respond to their environments, like the dodder vine responds to the chemical signaling from the tomato plants to grow towards them. This response to external signals demonstrates how the plants interact with their environments, and flowering and reproductive cycles demonstrate how plants apply their skills to their struggles for survival. Intelligence is a trait that is greatly linked to the standards of knowledge of us humans, but the ability of plants like the redwoods to not only communicate but share resources demonstrates not only some higher level of social interaction but a trait that humans are unable to reciprocate.]]> 2018-03-26 22:40:53 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246307476 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246322211 Intelligence relies on the capability and operation of an entity to acquire and develop understanding of knowledge. Whether this quality is selected through millions of years of evolution or learned artificially through computational algorithms, it must be learned consciously. Thus, plants should not be considered intelligent. Basic response to chemicals, such as the plant species cuscuta moving towards volatile compounds like beta-myrcene released by Solanum lycopersicum (tomato plant species), are due to signaling pathways present innately in the plant body. There is no decision making process that is taken by will of the plant; it is done in accordance strictly of thresholding factors of chemicals in the air. Without the presence of a host plant, the cuscuta would suffer and die, as it is an obligate parasite. It is necessary for the plant to exhibit this behavior, as those which do not ultimately do not reproduce.

Similar processes are seen in truly intelligent organisms, mainly animals. Microscopic parasites such as members of the genus Schistosoma use host-recognition pathways that include chemotaxis, thermotaxis, and phototaxis mechanisms. However, the distinguishing factor in these organisms is their ability to chose a vector to move towards, rather than biochemical processes that have developed to automatically make decisions in plants. ]]> 2018-03-27 00:37:54 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246322211 https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246327427 I believe plants are intelligent because they can respond to stimuli in their environment. Many plants have the ability to change their behavior depending on what environment they are in, despite having no brains. For example, when a caterpillar starts to nibble on the plants's leaves, the plant sends out a chemical signal that attracts the insects that feast on caterpillars. Also, one plant, called the Dodder, is about to use a sense of smell to guide them where to grow to leech off of another plant. These behaviors do not happen by chance, so plants show some degree of intelligence.]]> 2018-03-27 01:14:31 UTC https://padlet.com/coradacosta/9c00qraga42o/wish/246327427