https://padlet.com/katelync_love/9blcgc03m1d8 Chad 165 en-us 2017-08-31 04:02:11 UTC 2017-08-31 19:39:15 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Folder.png katelync_love https://padlet.com/katelync_love/9blcgc03m1d8/wish/183860501 Examines potential theoretical constraints on reliance across levels of risk, time, and domain of outcome.
     * resilience, as a global construct, appears to be rare at the highest levels of risk, and that resilience may benefit from a narrower conceptualization focusing on specific outcomes at specific timepoints in development.

Resilience: a positive outcome in the context of adversity, and centers on the study of various child, family, and community protective factors that may be associated with positive adjustment despite exposure to risk factors.
    * researchers see resilience as a dynamic process that results from ongoing transactions between a child and his or her environment (NOT just an internal characteristic).

Challenges:
1. The variability in the establishment of "high risk" environments has hindered our ability to determine the prevalence of resilience.
2. Data suggests that when positive adjustment is identified among children living in adverse contexts, it may vary across time and domains. 
     i.e. (time) developmental stage [infancy to adolescence]
          (domain) domain of development [physical, cognitive, etc.]

]]> 2017-08-31 04:04:25 UTC https://padlet.com/katelync_love/9blcgc03m1d8/wish/183860501 katelync_love https://padlet.com/katelync_love/9blcgc03m1d8/wish/184061603 This definition [resilience being more than just a personal trait] is important in denying policymakers the capability of creating a justification for withholding important services to at risk children by arguing that resilience comes from within.

Risk Factors:

     * parental psychopathology
     * socioeconomic status
     * urban poverty
     * community violence
     * negative life events (i.e. child maltreatment)
     * cumulative risk indices
---> these risk factors are influential based off experience with such adversity.

Daily Experiences:

 (i.e. parental psychopathology)

1. Middle-class family with well-monitoring and effective treatment versus single mother who is unable to provide consistent, nurturing care.
     * it is important to select risk factors that accurately capture the daily experiences of children at risk for negative outcomes.

Don't stereotype:

     * Do not rely on stereotypes to determine what is "high risk"
(i.e. affluent children)

1. Affluent children show increased rates of anxiety, depression, and substance use in adolescence (often much higher than the national average)

Positive Outcome:

There are differences in the operationalization of "positive outcomes", it depends on the theoretical perspective.
     * resilience= absence of negative outcome and/or the presence of positive outfcomes
     * Some say that the absence of psychopathology is enough to be considered a positive outcome
           - others focus on academic achievement, social competence, or meeting developmental milestones
     * must be viewed across all domains, resiliency is not all-or-nothing phenomenon.


]]> 2017-08-31 18:55:38 UTC https://padlet.com/katelync_love/9blcgc03m1d8/wish/184061603 katelync_love https://padlet.com/katelync_love/9blcgc03m1d8/wish/184071168 The combined characteristics of the child, family, and wider environment that reduce the negative effects of adversity on child outcome.
     *Rutter (2000) stresses the importance of selecting protective factors that are specific to the risk factor and outcome in question.
    * Protective factors may vary across age and gender
(1) within the child
(2) within the family
(3) within the community

Child Protective Factors:
     * intelligence
     * emotional regulation
     * temperament
     *coping strategies
     * locus of control
     * attention
     * genetic influences

----> influenced by external factors

Family Protective Factors:
     * caregiver to provide material resources and abstract resources
     --> when this breaks, there is a lower chance for the child to endure a normal development
     * the importance of a caregiving system:
     - parent-child relation
    - attachment security in toddlerhood
     - type of parenting strategy
     - parental monitoring (aware of child's friends, activities, and whereabouts)

Community Protective Factors:
* less attributively studied, otherwise known as exosystem factors
     - neighborhood quality
     - neighborhood cohesion
     - presence of youth organizations
     - quality of school 
- after-school activities

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