Multiple Myeloma #2 by Lindsay

Multiple Myeloma #2 by Lindsay https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7 Lindsay Lee en-us 2018-02-08 22:17:12 UTC 2018-02-12 22:27:26 UTC hello@padlet.com Multiple Myeloma (my-e-lo-ma) lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229352753

Also known as "Kahler's Disease"

a type of cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal plasma cells that form tumors. Plasma cells normally make antibodies that help the body fight infection

(Alic & Odle, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-07 22:04:28 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229352753 References lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229353693 2018-02-07 22:08:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229353693 Multiple Myeloma on the spine lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229354940

]]> 2018-02-07 22:12:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229354940 What is it? lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229356113

Uncommon cancer of the blood

1% of all cancers

Malignant plasma cells spread through the bone marrow

Form tumors called plasmacytomas

(Alic & Odle, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-07 22:17:39 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229356113 Osteolytic Lesions lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229356348

Soft spots that form in the bones

When malignant plasma cells rapidly outgrow the normal bone-forming cells

Occurs in about 70% of people with multiple myeloma

(Alic & Odle, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-07 22:18:43 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229356348 Demographics lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229357680

24,000 by the end of 2014

11,000 deaths

Occurs slightly more in men than women

(Alic & Odle, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-07 22:22:14 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229357680 Osteoclasts lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229358799

Osteoclasts are cells that destroy old bone for new bone to be produced

Malignant myeloma cells produce factors that affect osteoclasts

Myeloma cells increase the activation and growth of osteoclasts

As they multiply, they destroy healthy bone, which creates the lesions

(Alic & Odle, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-07 22:26:46 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229358799 Symptoms lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229714502

Bone Pain in lower back, pelvis, or ribs

Frequent infections

Nausea or vomiting

Fatigue, weakness, or confusion

Constipation or difficulty urinating

Loss of appetite or weight loss

Shortness of breath

(Multiple, 2017)

]]> 2018-02-08 17:46:05 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229714502 Diagnosed lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229715774

Bone marrow biopsy

(Taking a sample of bone to check for myeloma cells)

X-ray
Scans for detecting cancer:
- CT scan
- PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

(Multiple, 2017)

Blood tests

(Alic, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-08 17:48:08 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229715774 Drugs used for treatment lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229721350

Carmustine

an antineoplastic drug, which inhibits the growth of cancer

(Brown, 2015)

Bortezomib
- a class of drugs known as proteasome inhibitors

(Basile & Odle, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-08 17:56:36 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229721350 B-Cells lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229842102

Plasma is developed from this type of white blood cell

Develop from unspecialized stem cells in the bone marrow

Carry specific anitbody that recognizes a specific antigen

When B-cell encounters its antigen, it divides rapidly to form plasma cells

(Alic, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-08 21:58:37 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229842102 Malignant Plasma Cells lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229843004

Formed when DNA is damaged during development of B-cell

A growth factor, interleukin-6, of myeloma cells causes uncontrolled growth and prevents natural death of the cells

Normal bone marrow contains 5% plasma cells
An individual with Multiple Myeloma contains 10% of plasma cells in their bone marrow

(Alic, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-08 22:01:57 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229843004 Causes lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229848471

Genetic factors

Long-term exposure to herbicides, pesticides

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus

Also known as human herpes virus-8 or HHV-8)
found in blood and bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients

(Alic, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-08 22:25:40 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/229848471 X-ray showing multiple myeloma of the left clavicle lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/230466379

]]> 2018-02-12 04:07:38 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/230466379 Treatment lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/230468159

Radiation Therapy

Medicines

Bone marrow or stem cell transplant

Chemotherapy

(Multiple, 2015)

Carmustine
- an antineoplastic drug, which inhibits the growth of cancer

(Brown, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-12 04:23:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/230468159 Proteasome Inhibitors lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/230469281

A drug that blocks the action of proteasomes

A large protein complex that helps destroy other cellular proteins when they are no longer needed

Studied in the treatment of cancer

(Basile & Odle, 2015)

]]> 2018-02-12 04:33:54 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/230469281 Healthy Bone Marrow and Bone Marrow in MM lindsay_lee23 https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/230470316

]]> 2018-02-12 04:45:36 UTC https://padlet.com/lindsay_lee23/9au7nlxq82n7/wish/230470316