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      <title>Criminal Justice and Mass Incarceration Timeline  by Devante Pennington</title>
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      <description></description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2018-11-26 21:22:44 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2018-12-03 21:14:24 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>1994 Crime (Clinton)</title>
         <author>s_devante_pennington</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/s_devante_pennington/994zftaj5xaz/wish/308045700</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act was a lengthy crime control bill that was put together over the course of six years. Its provisions implemented many things, including a "three strikes" mandatory life sentence for repeat offenders, money to hire 100,000 new police officers, $9.7bn in funding for prisons, and an expansion of death penalty-eligible offences. It also dedicated $6.1bn to prevention programmes <a href="https://www.ncjrs.gov/txtfiles/billfs.txt"><strong>"designed with significant input from experienced police officers"</strong></a>, however, the bulk of the funds were dedicated to measures that are seen as punitive rather than rehabilitative or preventative.<br>At the time, violent crime was seen as out of control in the US. Starting in 1987, the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/24/us/murder-rate-fell-in-1994-for-3d-consecutive-year-agency-says.html"><strong>homicide rate</strong></a> in the US was increasing by 5% each year, peaking in 1991 with <a href="http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/htus8008.pdf"><strong>9.8 deaths</strong></a> per every 100,000 people. Many of those victims were young African Americans. Robbery and assault rates had exploded beginning in the late 1960s, and the crack cocaine epidemic was devastating the nation's urban centres.</div><div>The bill had bipartisan support, and easily passed both the House and Senate. The Clintons have pointed out that both black politicians and community leaders backed the law, and in general supported increased law enforcement in order to help quell street violence destroying communities.</div><div>But a recent <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/13/opinion/did-blacks-really-endorse-the-1994-crime-bill.html?&amp;moduleDetail=section-news-0&amp;action=click&amp;contentCollection=Opinion&amp;region=Footer&amp;module=MoreInSection&amp;version=WhatsNext&amp;contentID=WhatsNext&amp;pgtype=article"><strong>New York Times op-ed</strong></a> calls this a "selective hearing" of what African American leaders were asking for and points out that members of the Congressional Black Caucus asked for provisions in the bill that were left out."Policy makers pointed to black support for greater punishment and surveillance, without recognizing accompanying demands to redirect power and economic resources to low-income minority communities," according to the piece, written by three Ivy League professors of history and African American studies. "When blacks ask for better policing, legislators tend to hear more instead."</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-11-26 21:59:22 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Chain Gang</title>
         <author>s_devante_pennington</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/s_devante_pennington/994zftaj5xaz/wish/309486550</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>is a group of prisoners chained together to perform menial or physically challenging work as a form of punishment. Such punishment might include repairing buildings, building roads, or clearing land.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-11-29 18:53:50 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Convict leasing</title>
         <author>s_devante_pennington</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/s_devante_pennington/994zftaj5xaz/wish/309487788</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> was a system of penal labor practiced in the Southern United States. <strong>Convict leasing</strong> provided prisoner labor to private parties, such as plantation owners and corporations (e.g. Tennessee Coal and Iron Company). The lessee was responsible for feeding, clothing, and housing the prisoners.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-11-29 18:55:33 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Mandatory  </title>
         <author>s_devante_pennington</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/s_devante_pennington/994zftaj5xaz/wish/309489086</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-11-29 18:57:36 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>s_devante_pennington</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/s_devante_pennington/994zftaj5xaz/wish/310659290</link>
         <description><![CDATA[ohn Ehrlichman, to Dan Baum for Harper's Magazine in 1994, about President Richard Nixon's war on drugs, declared in 1971. In 1973, the Drug Enforcement Administration was created to replace the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-12-03 21:14:01 UTC</pubDate>
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