PERMS by Ximena Ambriz Garza

P O L I T I C A L

a01285212 — 2019-09-25 16:34:55 UTC

June 20, 1789. Oath of the Jeu de Paume. Been at the National Assembly, and when the door of the room in which they will deliberate closed by royal order, the representatives of the third state meet at the covered pediment that served to play ball and they solemnly swear not to separate until endorating France with a constitution.

The French Revolution
Pedro Ramírez - https://www.nuevarevista.net/destacados/

June 21, 1791. Escape from the aborted king in Varennes. Feeling imprisoned in the Tuileries, the king, queen and their sons begin the escape in disguise, according to a plan drawn up by Swedish diplomat Fersen, in love with Marie Antoinette. After a day of travel north, where loyal troops must escort them to the other side of the border, they are discovered and detained in the town of Varennes, and from there returned to Paris, where they receive a frosty welcome.

Marie Antoinette
http://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/great-characters/marie-an

September 14, 1791. The king swears the Constitution. The text maintains the Monarchy and grants the right of veto to a king with limited powers. The Constituent Assembly is dissolved and, after a censatary election to which outgoing deputies cannot be presented, the Legislative Assembly meets on 1 October.

French Translation Of "the 14th Of September": Collins English-french Dictionary
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english-french/the-14th-of-septembe

April 20, 1792. France declares war on Austria. At the behest of Louis XVI, who secretly seeks the defeat of his armies, the Assembly declares war "to the King of Hungary and Bohemia", to give the impression that it does not do so against the Austrian people. Only Robespierre and a minority of deputies from the left oppose.

John Timberlake

Austria and France-

https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/kat_anna/war.htm

Military

a01285176 — 2019-09-26 22:13:13 UTC

Throughout the 18th entury france was involved in severral wars, most of which were against the british army. Made hurted really bad the french economy. leaving them in Bankruptcy.

Anirudh. (2018, 1 diciembre). 10 MAJOR CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Recuperado 26 septiembre, 2019, de https://www.learnodo-newtonic.com/french-revolution-causes

In 1756, france was involved in one of the biggest wars at the time.
The 7 years war, in which he fough against the british helping american troops.

Lumen. (s.f.). The Seven Years’ War: 1754-1763. Recuperado 26 septiembre, 2019, de https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ushistory/chapter/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763/

France made a bigger navy and an Anti-British coalition of allies, this made france ready for war but very unstainable from the inside.
Dull, Jonathan (2015). The French Navy and American Independence: A Study of Arms and Diplomacy. Recuperado 26 septiembre, 2019, de https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ushistory/chapter/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763/

In 1774 France was involved in the American War of Independence in which he fought against the British army. France lost many reasources fighting in the war, making an aproximatly cost of 1.066 million French livres.

Anirudh. (2018, 1 diciembre). 10 MAJOR CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Recuperado 26 septiembre, 2019, de https://www.learnodo-newtonic.com/french-revolution-causes

Religious

a01285192 — 2019-09-27 03:08:38 UTC

Pre-Revolutionary France had three Estates: the clergy, the aristocracy and the common citizens. The Catholic clergy, was viewed as a symbol the aristocracy and oppression of the people. The National Assembly created a Civil Constitution of France and passed a decree saying members of the clergy had to swear an oath of fealty to the constitution or leave France. Only seven clerics in all of France did so.

Brandstatter, T. (2019, January 10). Religious Changes During the French Revolution. Retrieved September 26, 2019, from https://www.theclassroom.com/religious-changes-during-the-french-revolution-12086412.html.

The nobles and the clergy did not pay taxation as the common population did, so the population paid disproportionately high direct taxes. People were getting mad at this because even after things changed, the majority of taxes was always paid by the poorest. People still wanted to eliminate the clergy because of the unfair benefits they had over them.

McLean, J. (0AD). History of Western Civilization II. Retrieved September 26, 2019, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/taxes-and-the-three-estates/.

The Constitutional Church was starting to be doubted and suspicious, because of Its association with ancien régime France, but it was still allowed to continue its works, even though they both seemed to have incompatible values. From here sprung a movement referred to as ‘dechristianisation’, which aimed to excise religion from French society. Constitutional priests were advised to abandon the priesthood and were encouraged to marry. Any priest that continued to practice, whether constitutional or refractory, now faced arrest and deportation.

Betros, Gemma. The French Revolution and the Catholic Church. (2010, December). Retrieved September 26, 2019, from https://www.historytoday.com/archive/french-revolution-and-catholic-church.

Dechristianisation was characterised, principally, by being short-lived, and also not a government organisation. The first closure of churches was in the provinces, and varied in intensity from one region to another. Protestants were mostly considered “dechristianisers”. Finally, the First Estate was summarily eliminated from the country of France and its property was seized.

Musée protestant. (0AD). Dechristianisation during the Reign of Terror (1793-1794). Retrieved September 26, 2019, from https://www.museeprotestant.org/en/notice/dechristianisation-during-the-reign-of-terror-1793-1794/.

S O C I A L

a01285359 — 2019-09-27 03:47:31 UTC

The French Revolution, regarding the social aspect involved the organization of three states. The first state was composed by the clergy or church officials, which owned about 10 percent of French land, this state was radically divided into the parish priests and the higher clergy, none of them payed taxes. The second state was formed by the nobles (possessed from 25% to 30% of the land), they were a privileged social class in France before the French Revolution, it was composed of men and women with aristocratic titles. The third and final state were peasants, bourgeoisie and sans culottes, they owned about 35% to 40% (mostly property of the nobles) of the land, however they worked to maintain the clergy´s wealth and paid all the taxes. As a conclusion, France was based on inequalities.

Taxes and the Three Estates. Ch:22 The French Revolution . (0AD). Retrieved September 26, 2019, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/taxes-and-the-three-estates/.

Sans- Culotte
The nobility (second estate), imposed the title of Sans-Culotte to people of the third estate who did not possessed knee-breeches and instead, wore complete pants. The purpose of this term was to clarify that people of the poorer class did not had the economy to pursue ¨trending¨ clothes

Los Sans-Culottes. . (2013, November 28). Retrieved September 26, 2019, from https://unahistoriacuriosa.wordpress.com/2013/11/28/los-sans-culottes/.

Enlightenment ideals regarding the natural rights of man were proclaimed during this period of time, since its aspects involved theories on the rights of humanity.

French Revolution: The main consequences of the revolution . (0AD). Retrieved September 26, 2019, from https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/history-art/french-revolution/content-section-7.2.

absolute monarchy seemed affected by the revolution, as the whole nation, and not only an absolute ruler was recognized to be a legitimizing source of authority. The republic established in 1792 introduced, in the form of written constitutions, a legislature elected by popular suffrage.

French Revolution: The main consequences of the revolution . (0AD). Retrieved September 26, 2019, from https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/history-art/french-revolution/content-section-7.2.

Economic

a01285192 — 2019-09-27 04:10:55 UTC

The French Royalty used taxes as a way to keep their luxuries intact, this caused a big economic decline in the 3rd estate, which led to a financial crisis, and lack of food production; therefore led to a naionwide fammine.
The economic management conserved by King Louis XVI made him declare large and unfair taxes to the 3rd estate, thereforce led to a financial crisis.
Manipulating large quantities of money and mismamaging it led to less investment in farms and food production for the people.
Due to the mismamagement of resources, lack of food, great taxes and unstoppable spending of Queen Marie Antoinette led to one of France’s biggest financial crisis.

Blythe, G. (Unknown) « France’s Financial crisis during the late 1780s ». Retrieved from https://www.sutori.com/story/france-s-financial-crisis-of-the-late-1780-s--kWaashodiegXaa4e9GPrP14p