Neurological disorders assignment by Kate Huffman

cerebral palsy

katehuff13 — 2019-04-30 13:19:00 UTC

Causes:
- brain damage
- infections
- problems with blood flow to the brain (ie stroke, blood clots, abnormal blood vessels, heart defect, sickle cell)
_______________________
Symptoms:
- low muscle tone (floppy)
- unable to hold up his/her head
- muscle spasms or feeling stiff
- poor muscle control, reflexes, and posture
- delayed development
______________________
Age when symptoms most apt to appear:
- 2 to 6 months
_______________________
Treatment:
- physical therapy
- occupational therapy
- speech and language therapy
- recreational therapy
_______________________
Prognosis:
- generally live between 30-70 years
_______________________

aphasia

katehuff13 — 2019-04-30 13:19:42 UTC

Causes:
- stroke
- traumatic brain injury
- brain tumors
- brain surgery
- brain infections
- progressive neurological diseases
_______________________
Symptoms:
- impairments in spoken language expression, comprehension, writing, reading
______________________
Age when symptoms most apt to appear:
_______________________
Treatment:
- surgery for a subdural hematoma or brain tumor
- therapy
- speech and language therapy
_______________________
Prognosis:
- ranges based on the cause
- a left hemisphere glioblastoma --> very short life expectancy
_______________________

dyslexia

katehuff13 — 2019-04-30 13:19:46 UTC

Causes:
- hereditary
_______________________
Symptoms:
- difficulty reading
- slow and labor intensive reading and writing
- problems spelling
- mispronouncing words
- problems retrieving words
______________________
Age when symptoms most apt to appear:
- 1-2 years
_______________________
Treatment:
- specific educational approaches and techniques
_______________________
Prognosis:
- no impact on physical health, may impact mental health
_______________________

meningitis

katehuff13 — 2019-04-30 13:19:52 UTC

Causes:
- several strains of bacteria
- pneumonia
- sinus infections
- several strains of viruses
_______________________
Symptoms:
- nausea/vomiting
- fever
- headache
- stiff neck
- muscle pain
- sensitivity to light
- confusion
- cold hands or feet
- mottled skin
- rash
______________________
Age when symptoms most apt to appear:
- ages 16<
_______________________
Treatment:
- intravenous antibiotics
- corticosteroids
- acyclovir
- painkillers
- antiemetics
_______________________
Prognosis:
- mortality rate is 3% < 19yr
- mortality rate is 17% >19 yr
- survivors may be deaf and neuropsychologically impaired
_______________________

ANEURYSM

katehuff13 — 2019-04-30 13:20:01 UTC

Causes:
- high blood pressure
- atherosclerosis
- trauma
- heredity
- abnormal blood flow at the junction where arteries come together
- infections of the artery wall
_______________________
Symptoms:
- sudden, extremely severe headache
- nausea/vomiting
- stiff neck
- blurred vision
- sensitivity to light
- seizure
- a drooping eyelid
- loss of consciousness
- confusion
- a dilated pupil
- numbness of one side of the face
- pain above and behind one eye
- change in vision or double vision
_______________________
Age when symptoms are most apt to appear:
- ages 35-60 but can occur at any age
_______________________
Treatment:
- surgical clipping or endovascular coiling or a flow diverter can be used to seal off an aneurysm
_______________________
Prognosis:
- 40% of cases are fatal, 66% suffer from a permanent neurological deficit, and 15% die before reaching the hospital
_______________________