Unit 1 by Ilakkiya Venkatachalam https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone Research and Perspectives en-us 2017-08-25 12:57:02 UTC 2023-03-10 07:03:27 UTC hello@padlet.com Structuralism Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957008 - suggested by Wilhelm Wundt, founded by Tichener
- every complex conscious experience can be broken down
- used introspection, only adult humans
- focus on conscious, recollectable experiences
- disappeared because it unreliable and limiting in the topics it can cover
]]> 2017-08-27 02:27:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957008 Gestalt Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957243 - founded by Wertheimer, Loffka, and Kohler
- gestalt is German for "shape" or "form"
- only people
- perceptions are wholes that give meaning
- counter to structuralism
- learning is caused by insight and reorganized perceptions]]> 2017-08-27 02:35:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957243 Functionalism Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957262 - founded by William James, Harvard scientist
- behavior's function in allowing people and animals to adapt to environment
- consciousness is a stream of mental activity
- stresses human behavior and its adaptive role]]> 2017-08-27 02:36:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957262 Psychoanalytical Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957447 - founded by Sigmund Freud, Austrian doctor
- human actions and behavior is a result of unconscious desires and hidden motives
- dreams and hypnosis to uncover these conflicts
- personality develops through stages in first 5 years
- views like Oedipal Complex and Penis Envy]]> 2017-08-27 02:43:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957447 Psychodynamic Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957510 - created by Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney
- expansion of Freud's views
- Jung thought there was a personal unconscious and a common unconscious between all humans
- Adler felt all humans are born with an "Inferiority Complex" and strive to better
- Horney felt people have anxiety because of a lack of basic security
- uses "Hindsight," looks at data, then makes hypothesis
- not scientific]]> 2017-08-27 02:46:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957510 Analytical vs Dynamic ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957732 - both agree that problems are due to unconscious conflicts
- A: personality is developed through the critical stages, and if fixated, one is unable to move on. carries fear and anxiety onto adulthood
- D: personality is a result of the conflicts and the shared unconscious motives (the archetype, inferiority complex, basic security)]]> 2017-08-27 02:52:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182957732 Behaviorism Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182958299 - founded by Ivan Pavlov (Russian)
- added to by John Watson and B.F. Skinner
- focus scientific observations on observable behavior
- behavior is learned through environment, and can be changed and controlled by it, no free will
- most scientific]]> 2017-08-27 03:15:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/182958299 Humanistic Perspective <3 ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183281674 - founded by Carl Rogers
- humanists believe that awareness, experience, and choice allow us to choose behavior
- unique potential for growth and direction
- theory of motivation by Abraham Maslow
  • Physiological Needs
  • Safety Needs
  • Belongingness & Love
  • Esteem Needs
  • Self- Actualization
- humans are inherently good, focus on inner experience (unscientific)
]]> 2017-08-29 01:31:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183281674 Biological Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183282559 - brain, nervous system, and brain cell activity
- influence of genes and hormones on personality
- difficulties are neurological, and can be treated with drug therapy, surgery, and shock therapy]]> 2017-08-29 01:37:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183282559 Cognitive Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183283641 - one is Jean Piaget
- focuses on the role of mental processes
- a person's behavior depends on their values, interpretations
- response varies by cognitive thought process]]> 2017-08-29 01:45:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183283641 Sociocultural Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183284303 - ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status and other factors impact behavior and mental processes
- one's uniqueness is defined by the culture one lives in]]> 2017-08-29 01:48:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183284303 Evolutionary Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183284935 - based off of Darwin's work
- focuses on the influence of genes that were passed on because they enable adaptability and survival
- influences social interaction, mate selection, emotional responses]]> 2017-08-29 01:51:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183284935 Eclectic Perspective ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183285481 - the reason for a person's unique characteristics is a result of "all" perspectives
- Bio, Cog, Behav, Human, PDynam, Ges, Sociocult
- all must be combined for effective treatment]]> 2017-08-29 01:55:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183285481 Perspectives Timeline ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183289959 2017-08-29 02:18:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183289959 Determining Schools of Psych ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183370003
  • Humanistic
  • Behavioral
  • Neuroscience/Bio
  • Cognitive: false perception, thinking
  • Neuroscience/Bio
  • Psychodynamic: subconscious, fears
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic: all the people with us make up who we are
  • Humanistic
  • Neuroscience/Bio
  • Psychodynamic: all past experiences and repressed issues
  • Behavioral
  • Humanistic: lacking a part of the pyramid
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Cognitive
  • Neuroscience/Bio
    • ]]>     2017-08-29 12:59:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183370003     8/30 ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183647214 I Can... describe and apply steps of the scientific method]]> 2017-08-30 12:26:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183647214 Immediate vs Delayed Gratification ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183649679 - Gratification: emotional response when we achieve our goals]]> 2017-08-30 12:36:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183649679 Scientific Method ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183650119 Step 1
    - Hypothesis: testable prediction; if/then statement
    - IV: manipulated
    - DV: measured
    - Operational Definition: defining the research, hypothesis, part of essay
    Step 2
    - Design study
    - Where do we want to do the study? Lab or Naturalistic Observation?
    - Individual or Group?
    - Parents? *ethical guidelines* consent giver
    - What reward is gratifying?
    Step 3
    - Collect data
    Step 4
    - Analyze data
    Step 5
    - Publish findings]]>     2017-08-30 12:38:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183650119     Marshmallow Test ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183652883 Hypothesis: If the child is older than 6 years, then 80% will wait for more marshmallows.]]> 2017-08-30 12:47:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183652883 Longitudinal Study ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183654430 - check back over a long period of time, to see what the long term effects are
    - vary hard to do]]>     2017-08-30 12:51:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183654430     Categorizing Research Studies ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183656958
  • E, O, L
    1. IV - Video
    2. DV - Aggression
  • D, O, L
  • C, O, L
  • C, O, L
  • E, O, F
    1. IV - Video
    2. DV - Aggression
  • D, O, F
  • E, SR, L
    1. IV - Video
    2. DV - Level of Aggression
  • C, SR, L
  • D, SR, L
  • C, SR, F
  • D, SR, F
  • E, SR, F
    • ]]>     2017-08-30 12:59:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183656958     You choose the Research Method ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183918637
  • Experimental
  • Impossible
  • Clinical
  • Survey
  • Naturalistic Observation
  • Impossible
  • Naturalistic Observation
  • Clinical
  • Survey
  • Experimental
    • ]]>     2017-08-31 12:36:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183918637     Problems with Naturalistic Observation ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183921362 - Good Subject Bias: people know they're being observed, so their not behaving normally
    Confounding/Third/Extraneous Variable: a third variable that was not perceived to affect the study but it did]]>     2017-08-31 12:47:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/183921362     8/31 ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/184707142 I can identify and apply IVs and DVs]]> 2017-09-05 12:25:36 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/184707142 9/5 ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/184707552 I can begin to understand statistics in psychology
    - Cognitive comes from Gestalt
    - Evolutionary is an outgrowth of Biological
    - Humanistic is a reaction to the Psychodynamic perspective (founded by Freud)
    - Humanistic is very popular today, most therapists have this, newest, also Positive Perspective
    - colic: a baby that cannot be soothed, fussy
    - between 0 to 3 months, a baby's cry cannot be discerned
    - by 3 to 6 months, their cries can be discerned, and they develop colic
    - random assignment: after sample is chosen, to separate experimental and control group
    - representative sample: choosing a sample from the population which represents the individuals, and each group of individuals has the same chance of being chosen]]>     2017-09-05 12:26:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/184707552     9/6 ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/185078469 I can apply Statistics in Psychology
    - if the p is low, the null must go//if the p is high, the null will fly
    - the null hypothesis is the alternative hypothesis]]>     2017-09-06 12:28:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/185078469     9/11 ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/186329705 I can identify and explain the differences between correlations and experiments.
    Notes
    - Correlation does not show cause-and-effect, it shows a causal relationship
    *Acetaminophen - Tylenol
    - A Scatter Plot is the way to organize correlational data
    Khan Academy
    - Causality says that A causes B
    - Correlations says A and B tend to be observed at the same time
    - better studies prove causality]]>     2017-09-11 12:34:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/186329705     Unethical Studies in Psychology ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187127764 2017-09-13 12:25:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187127764 the belmont report ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187132463 respect for persons - entitled to protection, consent
    beneficence - do no harm, secure their well-being
    justice - the benefits and harms are equally distributed]]>     2017-09-13 12:39:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187132463     Stanford Prison ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187139343 perspective
    research method
    - good subject bias
    scientific method
    ethics]]>     2017-09-13 12:55:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187139343     The Statistics Packet ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187918225 - statistical reasoning in everyday life
    - roll the dice
    - analyzing correlations]]>     2017-09-15 13:07:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187918225     Experimental Research ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187919237 2017-09-15 13:09:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187919237 9/12 ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187919921 Hindsight bias
    -     the principle of the experimenter saying my hypothesis was right because it was
    I knew it all along
    STEPS?
    1. memory distortion
    2. inevitability
    3. foreseeability
    NEGATIVES?
    - we lose the ability to learn from our experiments because we just appreciate that it happened in favor of ourselves
    - if we're very overconfident, we don't see the confounding variables and don't prevent them
    AVOID IT?
    by considering what didn't happened
    Bystander Effect
    - the more people involved in a conversation, the less likely they are to actively do something because they feel someone else would intervene]]>     2017-09-15 13:10:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/187919921     Types of Research ilakkiyaven2598 https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/196679370 case study
    survey
    naturalistic observation
    experimental
    correlational study]]>     2017-10-13 02:34:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ilakkiyaven2598/unitone/wish/196679370