• One traditional rule under this approach is not to split an infinitive. An example of this rule is correcting "I want to quickly finish" to "I want to finish quickly." The idea is not to place an adverb, like 'quickly,' between 'to' and the verb.

• Another rule is not to end a sentence with a preposition. Instead of saying, "What are you thinking about?" the 'proper' phrasing would be "About what are you thinking?".

• The third rule is not to start a sentence with 'and.' This rule is based on the belief that 'and' should only be used to connect two related thoughts within a single sentence.

• In the frame "The _______ makes a lot of noise," words like "car," "child," or "radio" fit, indicating they are "nouns."

• Names like 'Cathy' or phrases like 'the dog' require a different frame, such as: "_______ makes a lot of noise." This suggests they are "noun phrases."

Observing that pronouns like "it" don't fit the first frame "The it makes a lot of noise" allows us to improve on the Latin-influenced analysis of English pronouns. Instead of describing pronouns as "words used in place of nouns," it's more accurate to say they replace noun phrases, not just nouns.

• Number: refers to whether a noun is singular or plural.

• Person: concerns who is involved in the sentence: first person (the speaker), second person (the listener), or third person (others).

• Tense: indicates time - past, present, or future.

• Voice: describes whether the sentence's subject is doing the action (active Voice) or receiving the action (passive Voice).

• Gender: indicates natural gender, mainly male or female.

In the sentence, "The old woman brought a large snake from Brazil," the words naturally group into phrases like:

• "The old woman," "brought," "a large snake," and "from Brazil."

This makes more sense than breaking the sentence into parts like:

• "The old," "woman brought," "brought a large," "snake from," and "Brazil."

1. Position - Subjects typically come before the verb, objects after.

2. Meaning - The subject is what the sentence is about and often the doer of the verb's action. The object represents who/what undergoes the action.

3. Subject-Verb Agreement - The subject noun phrase determines if the verb is singular or plural, but the object has no such effect.

4. Pronoun Forms - English has distinct pronoun forms for subjects (I, he) and objects (me, him).

Some languages start with the verb. Scottish Gaelic uses Verb–Subject–Object (VSO), while Malagasy from Madagascar uses Verb–Object–Subject (VOS). In both Gaelic and Malagasy, adjectives come after nouns.

ANSWER: 

The = article, woman = noun, kept = verb, a = article, large = adjective, snake = noun, in = preposition, a = article, cage = noun, but = conjunction, it = pronoun, escaped = verb, recently = adverb

ANSWER:

The sentence "Really large objects move very slowly." contains two adverbs: "Really" and "Very"

ANSWER:

• The verb tense in the sentence: My parents were married in Rome is in the past tense.

• The verb voice in the sentence: My parents were married in Rome is passive voice.

ANSWER:

Natural gender is based on biological sex—male, female, or neither—while grammatical gender is a language rule that classifies nouns as masculine, feminine, or neuter. The main difference is that natural gender is about actual sex, while grammatical gender might not align with natural gender.

ANSWERS:

(a) The old theory consistently failed to fully explain all the data.

In English, you must not split an infinitive. (to fully explain → to explain fully). A better way to phrase it would be: "The old theory consistently failed to explain all the data fully."

(b) I can't remember the name of the person I gave the book to.

This sentence ends with "to," which we usually try to avoid in formal English. A better way to write it would be: "I can't remember the name of the person to whom I gave the book." Here, "whom" refers to the person who received the book, and we're using it instead of ending the sentence with "to."

ANSWER:

There are three noun phrases. The noun phrases are "Robert," "a small puppy," and "the party."

ANSWER:

The proper noun "Berlin" functions as the object of the verb "visited."

ANSWER:

Malagasy, the official language of Madagascar, follows the VSO (Verb-Subject-Object) order, with the verb typically leading the sentence, followed by the subject, and finally the object. 

ANSWER:

Pronouns were described as “words used in place of nouns.” If this were correct, we could rewrite "a woman" as "her" and "a dog" as "it."

However, we usually say, "She (meaning 'the woman') walks it (meaning 'the dog')," suggesting that pronouns replace noun phrases, not just nouns.