Gene Expression by Mr M

Protein Synthesis

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:19:37 UTC

Transcription + Translation

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:19:46 UTC

Mutations

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:19:54 UTC

Metabolic Pathways

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:20:17 UTC

DNA structure

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:21:30 UTC

DNA -> Proteins?

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:22:12 UTC

Genes, proteins = series of amino acids (made from genes)

Structure of Proteins

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:24:31 UTC

Polypeptide chains, folding etc

DNA -> RNA

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:25:20 UTC

mRNA, Uracil not Thymine, single stranded, ribosome where code on mRNA translated into polypeptide

Ribosome - site of translation

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:27:49 UTC

strand of mRNA moves through ribosome and the code is translated, mRNA codon matched with tRNA Anti-Codon to create polypeptide chain, protein etc

What is a mutation?

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:35:26 UTC

Induced vs Spontaneous

Substitution, Deletion, Insertion

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:36:28 UTC

one swapped, one removed, one added

Substitution mutation causes

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:38:22 UTC

Usually arent bad, Results in same-sense / silent mutation or a missense mutations. Can cause the creation of Nonsense mutation (coding for a STOP CODON early in sequence) resulting in early termination of translation and protein wrong shape and function affected

Frameshift mutations

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:41:53 UTC

Deletion + insertion mutations. Entire series of codons changes as bases move all left or all right (deletion, insertion)

Point Mutations

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:51:54 UTC

SIlent, missense, nonsense

Redundant Genetic Code

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:52:46 UTC

Two or more codons make same amino acid

Enzyme Recap

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 02:53:35 UTC

What is it?

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 03:02:37 UTC

What is it?

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 03:02:45 UTC

Relationship of Genes, enzymes into metabolic Pathways

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 03:03:54 UTC

How do environmental factors affect metabolic pathways

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 03:06:05 UTC

Temperature - Siamese cats (temperature sensitive metabolic pathways on extremities causing darker pigmentation Poison - poison that interferes with one of the enzymes in the process resulting in enzyme denaturing and metabolic pathway unable to carry through to the end

How does environment factors, phenotype and genotype interact?

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 03:09:10 UTC

Genotype codes for white skin, expressed in phenotype, exposed to sun rays a lot as live in beach town, becomes more tan resulting in a more tan pigmentation than original white pigmentation due to damaging of the skin from UV rays Internal effects = Sex + Timing , Body temperature External effects = Temperature, light intensity, atmoshpere/soil, nutrition, wind, HUMAN MANIPULATION (pugs / English bulldogs)

Transcription

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 03:14:03 UTC

template strand used to make mRNA strand occurs in nucleus

Translation

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 03:17:20 UTC

mRNA is read at rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) and decoded to produce a polypeptide chain and fold into a protein tRNA is utilised in this step which is a complementary 3 base group to the codon of mRNA known as an Anti-Codon.

Amino Acids

MrMortleman — 2024-07-29 03:20:37 UTC

Code is redundant as multiple codons encode for the same aminoacids, 64 codon possibilities - 20 amino acids