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✅ What is the Present Simple?

The Present Simple is used to talk about:

1. Regular actions or habits

I go to school every day.

She drinks coffee in the morning.

2. General truths or facts

The sun rises in the east.

Water boils at 100°C.

3. Timetables or schedules

The train leaves at 6 p.m.

My class starts at 9 a.m.

4. States or feelings (non-action verbs)

I like chocolate.

She has a car.

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🛠️ Structure:

1. Positive sentences

Subject + base verb (+ s/es for he/she/it)

I work.

He works.

She goes to school.

2. Negative sentences

Subject + do/does not + base verb

I don’t like pizza.

He doesn’t play football.

3. Questions

Do/Does + subject + base verb?

Do you speak English?

Does she live in London?

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⚠️ Spelling Notes:

Add -es to verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o (e.g., watches, goes, fixes)

For verbs ending in -y:

Consonant + y → change y to i + es (e.g., study → studies)

Vowel + y → just add s (e.g., play → plays)

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🕰️ Daily Routines

wake up

get up

brush teeth

take a shower

have breakfast

go to school / work

study

eat lunch

come home

watch TV

do homework

go to bed

sleep

📝 Example:

I wake up at 7 a.m.

He goes to school by bus.

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⏳ Frequency Adverbs (how often)

always

usually

often

sometimes

rarely

never

every day / week / month

📝 Example:

She always drinks tea in the morning.

We never play games at school.

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🌍 General Verbs

like

love

hate

want

know

understand

need

have

see

think

📝 Example:

They like music.

He has a bike.

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🧍‍♂️ Subjects and Pronouns

I

you

he

she

it

we

they

📝 Example:

She lives

in Paris.

We go to the gym.

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Would you like vocabulary by other topics too (e.g., school, food, weather)?

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🕰️ Past Simple Tense

✅ What is it used for?

The Past Simple is used to talk about actions that happened in the past and are finished.

🔹 We use it for:

1. Completed actions in the past

I visited my grandma yesterday.

He watched a movie last night.

2. Past habits or repeated actions

When I was a child, I played outside every day.

3. Stories or facts about the past

The Titanic sank in 1912.

She met him at a party.

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🛠️ Structure

✅ Positive Sentences

Subject + verb (past form)

I walked to school.

She cooked dinner.

🧠 Regular verbs: add -ed

play → played

talk → talked

🧠 Irregular verbs: change form

go → went

eat → ate

see → saw

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❌ Negative Sentences

Subject + did not (didn’t) + base verb

I didn’t go to school.

He didn’t like the movie.

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❓ Questions

Did + subject + base verb?

Did you see the film?

Did she call you?

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🕒 Time Expressions (Past)

yesterday

last night / last week / last year

in 2020

two days ago

when I was a child

then

📝 Examples:

We met in 2021.

They didn’t work yesterday.

Did you enjoy the party?

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🕒 Time Expressions (Past)

These words help show when something happened:

yesterday

last night / last week / last year

a few days ago

two hours ago

in 2020 (or any past year)

when I was a child

the day before yesterday

this morning (if it’s already past)

📝 Example:

I met her yesterday.

They visited us last week.

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🔹 Common Regular Verbs (add -ed)

play → played

work → worked

watch → watched

walk → walked

clean → cleaned

cook → cooked

open → opened

start → started

love → loved

dance → danced

📝 Example:

She watched a movie.

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🔹 Common Irregular Verbs

These verbs change form in the past (not with -ed):

Base Form Past Simple

go went

have had

eat ate

drink drank

see saw

do did

get got

say said

make made

take took

come came

give gave

📝 Examples:

We went to the park.

He had breakfast at 8.

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📚 Story Verbs (often used when telling past events)

meet → met

tell → told

run → ran

find → found

think → thought

feel → felt

leave → left

begin → b

egan

fall → fell

break → broke