In addition to many benefits there can be some negative effects that relate to listening the music while walking exercises: in one study they found out that the patients’ ability to cross obstacles declined (https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.jyu.fi/docview/746009668). In another study (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/pd/2010/483530/) the music used was selected based on patient’s preferences and it was also matched to their cadence. Here it was concluded that musical intervention can actually provide dual task training. It is interesting to think about multitasking – what can and what cannot be done at the same time? And how do conditions such as Parkinson’s change the situation. Where is the line between beneficial and disturbance, when using music? And it can be sometimes both at the same time?

 

It is impressive how much is already known, but how many questions there still are – and as there is so much complexity involved, how careful we need to be when making assumptions or conclusions.

Article introduced ideas of how external rhythm of the music interacts with internal body rhythm and that induces emotional affects like for example while smiling we may feel amusement. Rhythmical repetition cause expectations and release dopamine. In neurological sense entrainment of the spike of neural populations in the basotelar amyglada has crucial structure in emotion processing and hippocampal theta-rhythms might mediate emotional memory formation.

Perception needs integration of sensory information and top-down influences. According to article newborns already have skills to detect regularities. Article also suggests rhythm affects in brain activity without motor movements. Higher tempo can be seen as higher arousal. Dynamic stable slow tempo lowers heartrate and blood pressure. There was example about mother’s heartbeat which cause pleasantness for baby. Also about motor entrainment there was mention that synchronized moving with other people affects many brain areas and can induce different kinds of propocial interpersonal dispositions and affects. These examples supports the questions about different entrainment levels interact with each other. Conclusion is that every levels has affects to our sybjective emotional component and one can trigger others.