CBL SESSION 2 by NURINA NASUHA JOHARI https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n MR AHMAD AT EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT en-us 2021-10-07 12:44:57 UTC 2025-11-03 21:54:07 UTC hello@padlet.com CHIEF COMPLAINT 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801512168 2021-10-08 02:51:49 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801512168 MR AHMAD 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801514971
  • Age : 63 years old 
  • Gender : Male
  • Symptoms : Chest pain (angina), feeling tightness, rested pain subside, sweating and gasping for air
    • ]]>     2021-10-08 02:53:12 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801514971     PAST MEDICAL HISTORY 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801517310 2021-10-08 02:54:19 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801517310 VITAL SIGN 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801518932 2021-10-08 02:55:07 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801518932 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801519628 2021-10-08 02:55:26 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801519628 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801520064 2021-10-08 02:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801520064 CORONARY ANGIOGRAM RESULT 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801521125 2021-10-08 02:56:05 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801521125 TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801521625 2021-10-08 02:56:19 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801521625 Amlodipine 2020627976 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801549421
  • amlodipine was prescribed by a doctor because En. Ahmad has a medical history of hypertension.
  • amlodipine has a vasodilator effect, it is therapeutically uses in hypertensive patient, asthma, diabetes, angina & peripheral vascular disease.

    • mechanism of action
    • Intracellular calcium plays a role in maintaining tone of smooth muscle & in the contraction of myocardium
    • Calcium enter muscle cell through voltage calcium channels
    • Triggers release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Increase the cytosolic level of calcium.
    • Calcium-channel antagonist (blocker) will block the inward movement of calcium by binding to L-type calcium channel in heart & smooth muscle of coronary & peripheral arteriolar vasculature. 
    • Cause vascular smooth muscle to relax, dilating mainly arterioles.

    pharmacodynamic
    • strong affinity for cell membranes, modulating calcium influx by inhibiting selected membrane calcium channels. 
    • This drug's unique binding properties allow for its long-acting action and less frequent dosing regimen.

    pharmacokinetic
    • Administered via oral
    • Absorbed slowly & completely in gastrointestinal tract
    • Distributed throughout the body by plasma
    • Metabolised in liver
    • Excreted in urine

    drug group
    • Dihydropyridines, Calcium-channel blockers
    ]]>     2021-10-08 03:09:25 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801549421     Diabetes 2020473394 https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801564387
    Definition : an elevated level of blood glucose in blood, can lead to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves over time.


    Types of diabetes

    • Type 1 diabetes. 
    - caused by an autoimmune reaction that stops your body from making insulin.
    -5-10% of the people
    •  Type 2 diabetes 
    - an impairment in the way the body regulates and uses sugar (glucose) as a fuel       
    - 90-95% of people
    • Gestational diabetes 
    -pregnant women 


    What diabetes is experienced by patients and why?

    Patient have type 2 diabetes. 
    Reason: elderly,smokers as research stated that smokers are 30 to 40 percent more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than nonsmokers.


    List antidiabetic drugs
    • meglitinides
    • metformin
    • Sulfonylureas
    • Thiazolidinediones
    • dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
    ]]>     2021-10-08 03:16:39 UTC https://padlet.com/2020473394/92vpk7umnf10t67n/wish/1801564387