Niche- ^{a recessed cavity built into a wall, typically arched, designed to hold and display decorative objects like statues, urns, or vases}
Contrapposto- ^{a sculptural pose where a human figure stands with most of their weight on one leg, causing a subtle twist in the hips and shoulders, creating a more natural and dynamic appearance, often resembling an "S" curve;}
Linear Perspective- ^{a system of creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface}
Pediment- ^{a triangular architectural element that forms a gable above a building's cornice or entablature.}
Coffers- ^{decorative sunken panels that are used to decorate ceilings, vaults, or soffits}

Linear perspective

Fresco

the donors

Eve

Rome

Multiple vanishing points

Contuitiouns narration

the popes

Mark rome as an artistic center.

Florence

St. Mark

cloth guild

Christian subject matter

nudity

Classical Greece and Rome

Florence

in a town square

oil

donors

Sacra convernevirse

Cast shadows

Veince

Diagonal

^{the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.}

Iconoclasm: the action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs and institutions or established values and practices.

Anamorphic Perspective: a ^{visual technique where an image appears distorted when viewed from a standard perspective but resolves into a recognizable image when viewed from a specific angle or with a mirror}

Genre Scene: a painting that depicts ordinary people in everyday activities

Florentine Mannerism

Oil on wood panel

Northen High Renaissance

oil on wood

High Renaissance

Fresco

High Renaissance art

Human body elongated

exaggraated pose

A sense of depth

Dramatic themes

Uffizi Gallery in Florence. 

is an oil painting on a panel

High Renaissance art

Oil Painting canvas

Venetian High Renaissance

Oil on Canvas

Late Renaissance/Mannerism

Oil on Canvas

the Baroque

Oil on Wood

Florentine Mannerism

High Renaissance

oil on canvas

late Renaissance or Mannerism period

polyptych (multiple panels) with paintings in oil and tempera on limewood panel

Northern Renaissance

woodcut print

Northern Renaissance

Oil on Panel

Painted in a Town Hall

Itlain Renaissance

Dürer’s allegiance to Martin Luther and his teachings

Nuremberg, Dürer's home city.

oil on panel.

Hans Holbein the Younger

the active vs. the contemplative life

loose brushstrokes

The references to earthly knowledge and accomplishments]

oil painting on oak panel. 

Oil on panel

The open market

the oysters

the flight into Egypt

Antwerp

oil on panel painting. 

Oil on wood

Dutch and Flemish Renaissance,

Oil

Drama, energy and movement, Dynamic balance (diagonals,curves, counter curves, etc.), High contrast (dark & lights, etc) Emotion, element of time, viewer involvement, naturalism of the high renaissance.

The person in the painting was a slave.

Key points:

Baroque Classicism
• Absolute power
• The Royal Academy is introduced
• “Ideal” and “Idyllic” landscapes

controversial and influential Italian Baroque painter from Lombardy, northern Italy.

Key Points:
• Rubens brings Baroque art to the north
• Patronage more and more from rising middle-
class merchants, bankers, and other private
collectors
• New subject matter: portraits, views of home
interiors, still-lifes, genre scenes (depiction of
everyday life) and landscapes
• Non-religious art with moral messages: vanitas
symbols and memento mori themes

Characteristics:

Planarity, Linearity, tight brushwork, even lighting, sculpture Al forms, classical architecture, figures, dress, and themes, serious, moralistic subjects, strong hero figures, austerity and reduction of form, Nationalism expressed through patriotism.

Exoticism/Orientalism

Supernatural elements, fantasy, dreams

Violence/horrific themes

Longing for the past

Intense emotion, passion

Nationalism expressed through a return to one’s personal past

First elected President of France

Last monarch to reign in France

Commissioned grand reconstruction of Paris

-flat shapes

Sharp contours

Compressed space

Cropping ages

Color theory

upper middle class/nouveau riche
times of day/year
look of ukiyo-e (Japanese prints)

Everyday subjects

On the spot outdoor scenes

Letting moments, impermanence

Atmosphere, light, colored shadow

Modern urban life, leisure activities

Upper middle class/ nouveau riche

Times of day/year

Look of ukiyo-e (Japanese prints)

Post-Impressionists moved beyond Impressionism's focus on capturing fleeting moments and naturalistic depiction of light and atmosphere, emphasizing emotional expression, symbolic content, and formal structure
• Symbolism: Emphasized world of dreams, moods, fears, and desires over the everyday,
contemporary world; dissatisfaction with modernity
• Art Nouveau (1890-1900): Mostly architecture and decorative arts; characterized by
abstract organic forms; influenced by William Morris’s Arts and Crafts Movement

Surrealism

Organic sculpture

De Stijl

American Regionalism

Harlem Renaissance

Social Realism

Focused on absurdity, element of chance

Challenged status quo in art, culture, etc.

Sought to create utopian environment through geometric abstraction

Sought to universal order that would make nationalism obsolete

Also called International Style and Neo-Plasticism

Center 1963

Right 1964

Easily definable

Less is more

Form follows function

Rejects the past

Form over meaning

Authenticity

Sincere

Exclusive

Art capitals

Assumes an evolution of style

Look for utopian perfection

Look for truth

Emphasis on individuality

Question rules

Breaking rules

Looking for new inspiration: African Art, Cycladic Art, Folk Art, children’s art, stained glass

Fauvism: removing the naturalistic description function from color

Analytic Cubism: deconstructing space; showing more than one viewpoint at the same time; influence of Cezanne

Synthetic Cubism: building up images; use of collage; “real” vs. illusion

German Expressionism: Die Brücke: dissatisfaction with industrial modern life; looking to German past with woodblock prints

German Expressionism: Der Blaue Reiter: looking for spirituality and “universal truths;”

Abstract art vs. non-objective art, non-narrative art, non-representational art

Italian Futurism: sought to reject the past and bring Italy into the future; interest in new technology, speed, and movement

Russian Suprematism: “supremacy of feeling;” pro-Russian revolution; wanted to create a new vocabulary and language of art removed from the elitist past

Surrealism: 1930’s; element of chance (like Dada); randomness related to dream states; juxtaposition of unrelated objects; exploration of the subconscious mind; dream images; stream of consciousness

De Stijl (The Style): Dutch movement; sought to create utopian environment through geometric abstraction; sought universal order that would make nationalism obsolete;
also called International Style and Neo-Plasticism

Regionalism: Representational; local (Midwest) imagery

            Influenced by Surrealism

Art about emotion, myth, universal forces

            Brought attention to the paint on the canvas (rather than hiding)

Brought NYC to the center of the art world

Post-Painterly Abstraction

            “Stain painting”

Post Abstraction

            “Combines”

Installation Art

            Art as experience

            Not collectable

Performance Art

            Art as life

            Improvisation; unpredictable

Pop Art:

Reaction to elitism of Abstract Expressionism; unemotional
Similar to Dada in love of ready-made, common objects

Sought a mass-produced look—accessible

Interested in mass media and pop culture

Minimalism:

            Unemotional

            Reduced to most basic parts

            “What you see is what you see”—denial of meaning

Earthworks:

            The earth is the canvas

            Interactive

            Out of the gallery—less elitist

            Not collectable

Activist Art:

            Art as political statement