Referance* T24 news 

Referance** T24 news 

 

HE/SHE/SHE ‘S’                                                                 

 for example: I work 

                      She works                                                                                ALWAYS 
USUALLY 

OFTEN 
RARELY 
NEVER 
The earth goes around the sun. (değiştirilemez)                          I usually go out after work.(rutin) 

The cafe opens at 7:30 in the morning (daima)

S + VERB (BASE FORM) (+) 

 S + DON’T + VERB (BASE FORM) (-) 

HE/SHE/IT + DOESN’T + VERB   (-)  

Permanent : We live in New York. 

                    He works at a bank. 

Routines : I go to sleep at 11:00  

Schedules: Our class starts at 9:00 

                   The flight leaves at noon 

She is working on a project.                                                                

 

S + am,is,are + VERB-ING (+) 

S + am,is,are + NOT + VERB-ING (-) 

Am,is,are + S + VERB-ING (?) 

 

FOR EXAMPLE : 

The baby is sleeping. 

We are staying at a hotel. 

They are always making noise. 

  RİGHT NOW                                   AT THE MOMENT 

  CURRENTLY 

   NOWADAYS 

I have lost my keys.                                              düzensiz: yeni kelime 

He has gone out.   
S + HAVE + VERB 3                          

HE/SHE/IT + HAS + VERB 3  
ALREADY 

HE/SHE/IT + HAS + VERB 3           YET        
JUST 
SINCE/FOR 

EVER/NEVER
 ALREADY / JUST / YET 

Have you finished your project YET ? 

 2 HOURS                                     

A WEEK                                      

AGES                                          

YEARS                                          

THE LAST 2 MONTHS             

A LONG TİME                             

 SÜRE                                          

PERİOD
---------------------------
 SINCE
  2 ‘CLOCK 

  MONDAY 

  2005 

 I WOKE UP            

 WE ARRİVED 

 10 JUNE 

 ZAMAN
 POİNT         

(ne zaman başlamış?) 

 She has been watching Youtube all day.                          

Have you been lerarning english?
   TIPS: ‘HOW LONG  
S + HAVE BEEN + VERB-ING          TO BE + HAS BEEN + VERB-ING                          
                                   FOR/SINCE 

                                   ALL DAY 

                                  ALL NIGHT

 I saw my friend in town a few days ago.  
S + VERB 2 düzenliyse; -ED (+)      S + DİD NOT + VERB (BASE FORM) (-)
YESTERDAY 

LAST....                                      

….AGO 

IN 2008

Economists should build  good working relationships 

Economists should be able to work under intense stress 

Economists shouldn’t make wrong decisions 

Economists should be open to advice 

Economists should be able to manage time 

Economists must do teamwork 

Economists must be forward-thinking 

Economists don’t have lazy 

Economists must know not to be cowars

the school that is next to my home 

the market that sells great vegetables 

the man who stands in front of the cinema=> NOT A SENTENCE 

 

WHY DO WE USE RELATIVE CLAUSE?  

Reason 1: Because we don’t want to repeat the same object/person/place again and again in two sentences. 

 

I usually shop from the market. It sells great vegetables.  

I usually shop from the market that sells great vegetables. => S + V 

 

There is a man. The man is standing in front of the cinema.  

There is a man who is standing in front of the cinema.  

 

My little brother is going to the school. The school is next to our house.  

My little brother is going to the school that is next to our house.  

 

Reason 2: We sometimes need to give extra information/describe an object/a person / a place.  

 

I have bought a dress which is blue. 

I have bought a dress which is the latest trend.  

Yesterday, I met a woman who works for CNN.  

Yesterday, I saw a man who has 4 dogs. 

**In relative clause, the tense is not important. You can use any tense you want.  

 

I want to study in a school which has many job opportunuties for students. 

 

My husband who graduated from New York University works for a company.  

My husband works for a company which makes international trades.  

 

The person= who 

The object (not alive) / an animal=which 

Who + which=>THAT 

 

WHERE: describe a place 

I usually have my breakfast in the café. We can buy different pastries there.  

 

I usually have my breakfast in the café where we can buy different pastries.  

 

I want to study in a school where teachers care about our problems.  

I want to study in a school which has many job opportunuties for students. 

 

I was born in the house which has pink windows.  

I was born in the house where I spent my whole childhood.  

 

I love spending time in the park where I can bike. 

I love spending time in the park which has a big lake. 

 

**WHICH/WHERE? 

If there is a subject after the relative pronoun, it is usually “where”.

Omission of Relative Pronoun: 

*If there is a subject after the relative pronoun, I can omit it.  

I want to buy the dress (which) my sister advised me.   

I have just talked to the manager (who) you are angry with.  

I have just talked to the manager who employed you two years ago.

!!! You can omit only “who/which/that” 

You can’t omit “where”.

 

 

 

We use present perfect tense to talk about action that happened in some time in the past. But you don’t know when it happened.  

 

I’ ve ridden a camel => I talk about my experience. 

Suzy: When did you ride? (She wants to know the story) 

I rode last year in Egypt. => I talk about the story.  

 

I have never ridden an elephant. (in my life) => (an experience) 

Have you ever travelled by plane? (in your life)  => I ask about your experience 

 

TO SUMMARIZE: We use present perfect  

1- to talk about something we did in the past but we don’t tell when. 

2- to talk about our experiences in our lives 

 

Ex: I have walked on a rope.  

My sister has visited 3 different countries.  

(Do you know when?=> No 

Is it an experience => Yes) 

My parents have cycled round the country.

Grammar Rule:
have/has
+
participle form of the verb (V3)

The expressions that we use for Present Perfect tense: 

Just: 

I’ve just drunk a glass of coffee. I don’t want to drink tea now. 

 

Already:  

We have already visited all the museums in Izmir 

 

Yet: 

*negative 

*questions 

!!! At the end of the sentence 

Have you ever done your homework yet? 

I haven’t finished the book yet. 

 

We use Past Sİmple to talk about things or events that happened in the past. 

(2 days ago / Last week / yesterday / last weekend / when I was a child...) 

We change the form of the verb when we talk about past. 

There are 2 kinds of verbs : 

They get –ed / -d at the end 

Play-played 

Start-started- 

Save-saved 

***Be careful about some spelling for regular verbs. 

Stop-stopped 

Plan-planned 

Study-studied 

These verbs completely change when we talk about the past. 

Yesterday I got because I drank too much milk. 

Last year, we had a really terrible holiday. We spent our worst time there.  

 

REMEMBER WAS / WERE  

This is the past form of verb “BE” 

“Be” is irregular verb. It changes to talk about the past. 

I was in Paris last year. I saw a lot of museums, I visited big parkS. It was really funny.  

 

 

 

Loose – Tight
Beautiful – Ugly
Big – Small
Strong – Weak
Healthy – Sick
Low – High
Poor – Wealthy
Short – Tall
Thin – Fat
Insane – Sane
Bad – Good
Straight – Crooked
Deep – Shallow
Dark – Light
Lazy – Hard-working
Brave – Cowardly
Cheap – Expensive
Distant – Near
Modern – Ancient
Delicious – Awful
Wide – Narrow
Talkative – Taciturn
Healthy – Sick
Careful – Careless
Pessimistic – Optimistic
Tidy – Messy
Patient – Impatien
Friendly – Unfriendly
Cold – Hot
Dishonest – Honest
Happy – Unhappy
Selfish – Generous
Arrogant - Modest
Grumpy - Generous
Dull - Interesting