Sub-national conflict areas by Desi Ari https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69 en-us 2021-07-16 06:56:04 UTC 2024-11-28 13:02:30 UTC hello@padlet.com desiari89 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426035 The map of Rakhine State]]> 2021-07-16 06:56:04 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426035 The conflict between insurgent groups and Tatmadaw broke out after Myanmar's independence in 1948. The government ignored the differences and uniqueness of ethnic groups in language, religion and culture, and tried to resolve ethnic conflicts through violent suppression. desiari89 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426036 2021-07-16 06:56:04 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426036 desiari89 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426037
  • In 1982, Myanmar nationality law bans Rohingya people from obtaining citizenship.
  • In 2012, violent clashes between Rohingya Muslims and Rakhine Buddhists killed 192 people.

    • ]]>     2021-07-16 06:56:04 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426037     desiari89 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426039 It has caused severe humanitarian crises in the past decade, most importantly the genocide attempts which has caused almost 1 million Rohingya to flee from Myanmar. Most have crossed to Bangladesh, while others reached Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. ]]> 2021-07-16 06:56:04 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426039 desiari89 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426040 There have been efforts to end the conflicts but seem to no avail.]]> 2021-07-16 06:56:04 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1652426040 desiari89 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669700618
  • October 2016, ARSA attacked Burmese border posts, leading clearance operations from Burmese government.
  • August 2017, Rakhine state was attacked again by ARSA, resulting in a large-scale attack by the Burmese army on Rohingya's residential areas.

    • ]]>     2021-08-05 05:59:04 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669700618     desiari89 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669712355 Clashes in Buthidaung and Rathedaung between Arakan Army and Tatmadaw in 2018, killed 4 soldiers and an unknown number of AA insurgents. They had earlier clashed in April 2015. On 1 January 2019, AA attacked members of the Border Guard Police (BGP).]]> 2021-08-05 06:14:21 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669712355 desiari89 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669722207 After the coup, in March 2021, the military government removed Arakan Army from its list of “terrorist” groups as it has stopped attacks on the military]]> 2021-08-05 06:26:44 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669722207 Map of Kayah State abelliaanggi https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669802348 2021-08-05 08:09:47 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669802348 https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669802569 Map of Karen State]]> 2021-08-05 08:10:07 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669802569 Description of conflict https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669803279 The Karen conflict is an armed conflict in Kayin State, Myanmar (formerly known as Karen State, Burma). The conflict has been described as one of the world's "longest running civil wars". Karen nationalists have been fighting for an independent state known as Kawthoolei since 1949.

    ]]>     2021-08-05 08:10:58 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669803279     Skirmishes Between Kachin Independent Army and Myanmar Junta riyadanwar https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669805756 On 29 July 2021 Kachin Independence Army (KIA) attacked two Myanmar military bases in Northern Shan State. The two post that were being attacked are the Nam Hkaing on the Union highway between Kutkai and Namphetka, and Nam Paw, between Namphetka and Muse. The casualties on both sides are yet to be estimated. (Source: https://www.myanmar-now.org/en/news/kia-attacks-two-junta-military-bases-in-northern-shan-state)]]> 2021-08-05 08:14:10 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669805756 Map of Shan State riyadanwar https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669807350 Shan State  is a state of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos (Louang Namtha and Bokeo Provinces) to the east, and Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son Provinces) to the south, and five administrative divisions of Burma (Myanmar) in the west. ]]> 2021-08-05 08:16:30 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669807350 Timeline of conflict in Kayah abelliaanggi https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669807875 2021-08-05 08:17:20 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669807875 Conflict actors https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669809536 - Karen National Union, the strongest among armed groups. Enjoy strong support from the community, especially Christians. Widely recognised as legitimate representative of Karen.
    -  Kloh Htoo Baw, smaller, former Karen Buddhist Army
    -     CBOs
    - Tatmadaw
    - Karen Border Guard Force


    ]]>     2021-08-05 08:19:45 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669809536     New Conflict, Same Old Conflict Stories riyadanwar https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669810378  In Kachin, a 17-year ceasefire broke down in 2011, reigniting a decades-long conflict between the KIA and the Tatmadaw.  In northern Shan state, intense fighting has taken place since January 2018 and has worsened since December 2020. In Shan state, there are an estimated seven EAOs, 20 militia groups, and seven Border Guard Forces actively engaged in an armed independence movement, both between one another and against the Myanmar government.  (Source: https://www.acaps.org/country/myanmar/crisis/kachin-and-shan-conflict)

    The timeline to the recurring conflict could be divided into few major phases. Those are:
    1. in the aftermath of Burma Independence (1948-1962)
    2. During Ne Win era (1962-1988)
    3. In the event of 8888 Uprising (1988)
    4. During the old Junta governance (1988-2011)
    5. During civilian group governance (20211-2021)

    ]]>     2021-08-05 08:20:51 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669810378     Description of conflict abelliaanggi https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669810508 19th century and British rule
    The Constitution of the Union of Burma in 1947 proclaimed that the three Karenni States be amalgamated into a single constituent state of the union, called Karenni State. It also provided for the possibility of secession from the Union after 10 years.

    Independence to 1988
    In 1952, the former Shan state of Mong Pai (1901. pop - 19,351) was added to Karenni State, and the whole renamed Kayah State, possibly with the intent of driving a wedge between the Karenni (in Kayah State) and the rest of the Karen people (in Karen State), both fighting for independence.

    In 1957, pro-independence groups already active in the area formed the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), backed by its own army, the Karenni Army (KA). Apart from a brief ceasefire in 1995, the KA has been fighting ever since. Rivals to the KNPP include the leftist Kayan New Land Party (KNLP), and the Karenni National People's Liberation Front (KNPLF), both of which are now allied with the Myanmar military.

    Post-1988
    In 1996, Myanmar's State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) of stepped up its campaign to crush Karenni independence with a population transfer program, forcibly moving villagers to designated relocation sites to deprive the pro-independence forces of bases of support. The Myanmar government has been accused of massive human rights violations in the region.

    https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Kayah_State
    ]]>     2021-08-05 08:21:01 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669810508     Actors abelliaanggi https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669814767 KNPP - Karenni National Progressive Party
    KNPLF - Karenni Nationalities People's Liberation Front
    KNLP - Kayan New Land Party
    KNG - Kayan National Guard
    KNPDP - Karenni National Peace and Development Party
    KNSO - Karenni National Solidarity Organisation
    KNDP - Karenni National Democratic Party]]>     2021-08-05 08:27:31 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669814767     Conflict map abelliaanggi https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669815699 2021-08-05 08:28:54 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669815699 Impacts abelliaanggi https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669817682 It has been alleged that villagers live under the constant threat of rape, beatings, arbitrary arrest or execution, conscription as slave labor for the Myanmar army, and having their food and possessions taken without compensation.

    It has also been alleged that the relocation centers have inadequate access to water, food, medical services, and educational facilities. An estimated 50,000 Karenni people classified as IDPs (Internally Displaced Persons) and thousands more are in refugee camps in Thailand.]]>     2021-08-05 08:31:51 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669817682     Casualties to the Conflicts riyadanwar https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669818168 Over 30,000 civilians were newly displaced by fighting in Kachin and Shan States in 2018 (Source: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/myanmar-burma)

    34,600 people were temporarily displaced between January 2019–December 2020 because of active conflict – the majority were able to return to their place of origin within a few days. 9,800 people are in protracted displacement and have been living in camp settings since 2011. In south and eastern Shan state, over 9,000 are displaced (https://www.acaps.org/country/myanmar/crisis/kachin-and-shan-conflict).

    Indirect Outcomes
    Rise in Sex Trafficking (2019). Trafficking of women and girls remains a serious problem in Kachin and northern Shan States, where conflict and economic desperation has made them vulnerable to being lured to China under false promises and sold as “brides.” (Source: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/myanmar-burma)

    Food Shortages.  Conflict and movement restrictions have weakened access to food supplies and agricultural production across Kachin and Shan. Farmers are unable to access their fields, and civilians fear going to markets because of the threat of extortion, forced conscription, and arbitrary detention by both the Tatmadaw and non-state armed groups. (Source: https://www.acaps.org/country/myanmar/crisis/kachin-and-shan-conflict)

    Landmines.  Landmines and shelling near villages is a severe protection concern, limiting free movement and the ability of people to return to areas of origin. Protracted displacement and disrupted livelihoods also increase the risk of negative coping strategies, such as child marriage, risky migration routes, and recruitment into armed groups.  (Source: https://www.acaps.org/country/myanmar/crisis/kachin-and-shan-conflict) 

    ]]>     2021-08-05 08:32:37 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669818168     Key developments https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669819386 - Ceasefire between government and Karen rebels 2012
    - Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) 2015
    - NLD won majority seats in 2020
    - One of the most active state after the coup. Airstrikes displaced 90% population of Mutraw in May. Karenni People's Defense Force
    - Transnational dimension. Thailand's "buffer zone". Refugee flows. "Constructive engagement."

    ]]>     2021-08-05 08:34:25 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669819386     Key Actors riyadanwar https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669821186 1. Myanmar Tatmadaw or Ubrmese for the Union Armed Forces
    2. Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), including its sub-military wing, Kachin Independence Army.
    3. Third Party Ethnic Armed Organizations

    ]]>     2021-08-05 08:37:09 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669821186     Conflicts abelliaanggi https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669821271 - Mining
    - Dams and hydropower potential as one of the major electricity supplies in Myanmar


    Despite the economic opportunities and resources, residents in Kayah State doubt that they will benefit from it. Businesses along new roads have typically been run by recently arrived migrants from other parts of the country, and new commercial opportunities have been monopolized by outsiders.]]>     2021-08-05 08:37:16 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669821271     Ceasefires abelliaanggi https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669825700 1995 ceasefire
    2012 ceasefire
    2015 nationwide ceasefire]]>     2021-08-05 08:44:25 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669825700     Conflict Management riyadanwar https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669835912 While there is a long road to reach peace between the conflicting key actors. The United Wa State Party had been coordinating an effort for Political negotiation back in 2017. 

    In May 2017, the Party formed the Federal Political Negotiations and Coordination Committee following a conference at its capital Panshang, which the North Alliance attended. 

    The Peace negotiation however stalled with some EAOs decided to be absent from the Peace conference.

    No clear indication of another round of Peace conference to be made as of 2021. (Source: https://www.usip.org/publications/2017/09/burmas-northern-shan-state-and-prospects-peace)]]>     2021-08-05 08:45:32 UTC https://padlet.com/desiari89/9134s73c01ug7l69/wish/1669835912