-   Informal learning occurs naturally while…

-   Formal education depends on the teacher creating optimal patterns of stimulus and response… reward and punishment

o   A behavior reinforced tends to be repeated (strengthened)

o   A behavior that is NOT reinforced tends to die (weakened) 

o   a behavior that is reinforced, that is, rewarded, will likely be repeated

o   behavior which is punished will occur less frequently

o   Neutral operant- responses from an environment that don’t increase or decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated

o   Reinforcers- responses from the environment that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated. They are positive or negative.

o   Punishers- responses from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens behavior.

A simple way to shape behavior is to include feedback to the learner's performance by… 

-   Knowledge can be altered due to knew experiences.

-        Acquiring content knowledge through complex domains

-        Critical thinking

-        collaboration

-        reasoning

-        developing inquiry skills

-        Requires students to use critical thinking skills to discuss concepts in a non-threatening way

o   Discussion and presentation

o   Application and expansion of new content

o   Very effective but difficult to plan

Problem-based learning is a great example

-        students work in groups to solve a real problem by using a variety of resources.

-        The goal is to simulate real-world problems

 

-        Social Constructivism- place emphasis on the social community. -Derived from Vygotsky’s work- knowledge is internalized with ones interactions with the world.

o   It is about impression and expression

-        Experiencing is necessary for learning. Concrete experience.

o   Pure experience is when a concrete experience violates the expectations or previous beliefs and behaviors. It activates reflection.

-        Learning styles are different ways of going around the learning cycle. Individuals learn in different ways and educators can better understand their students if they understand their unique learning style. Learning style is formed when one or more of the learning modes are prefeed over others.

-        Teaching around the learning cycle with the dynamic matching of teaching roles. The dynamic matching model describes what is going on between the teacher and the student.

-        Apply what you know and learn as you go.

-        cooperation, problem-solving, building trust, understanding, and relations – have the potential to foster community social capital that enhances the community members’ wellbeing

-        Schools have a responsibility to teach students skills in the 21^st century and that there is life outside of school

-  Math, science, reading writing, civics, and more. Master core disciplines to graduate high school,

-  Recognition of 21st-century themes within those subjects.

-  Innovative ideas and put them into action

o   Students need to be able to access all the available information 

o   Understanding of media messaging

o   Keep students up to date with all the rapid changes in technology

o   Having initiative and self-direction, cross-cultural skills, productivity, accountability, leadership, and responsibility