1. Bad timing
2. Lack of innovation
3. insufficient marketting

1. It is cheap and affordable to every citizen .
2. It has different varieties and models according to the user needs.
3. It has its own uniqueness for smooth and long lasting ink.

• It enables you to expand your present knowledge base and organize content based on niches.
• Allow users to readily contribute their thoughts.
• Increase the number of social aspects like communities, following people and topics, sharing,  profile.

• It's clean and uncluttered.
• Bite-sized articles that can be read anywhere.
• Allows you to arrange similar boards together.
• Deepstash keeps track of how many articles you read every day and organizes them into streaks.
• A great alternative to social media and aimless scrolling.

• Apple released it at the time when the internet was still developing, and this product was not of much use without it, resulting in connectivity difficulties.
• It included heavy operating software that required high-performance CPUs and long-lasting batteries.
• This product was more expensive to create since it involved more research and development effort.
• Slow development cycle.

1.  Constantly Developing - 

• Constantly updating their search algorithms (technology and process for collecting relevant information)
• Focusing on the user, their intent, and their satisfaction

• Google is years ahead. You can set something up in minutes on Google, and hours/days for the other platforms. 
• Google also provides a good toolset for you to use, which includes Analytics and WebMaster Tools to name a few. They obviously don’t tell you specifics, and leave us to work out how to adapt things accordingly!

• Google’s algorithm is much more sophisticated than the other engines. They should be better at determining which sites are the most relevant and which ones aren’t – especially with continuous updates to their algorithm to keep up with ever-evolving digital behaviors.

• YouTube, which is owned by Google, is another major medium where users can search for videos. 

• Google’s image search is a massive library that is able to retrieve image content. More than that, these pictures are relevant based on the user’s search query. 

*Vista was slow

*Incompatibility Issues -

Much prevailing software and hardware were incompatible, although Vista had a fairly long beta period. This made it harder for IT companies to adapt to Vista and many computer peripherals were practically useless.

• Daniel Ek - The founder of Spotify first had the idea for Spotify in 2002 when peer-to-peer music service Napster shut down and another illegal site Kazaa took over. He realized that you can never legislate away from piracy. Laws can definitely help, but it doesn't take away the problem. The only way to solve the problem was to create a service that was better than piracy and at the same time compensate for the music industry.

• Focusing on Accessibility, Not Ownership -The music service was able to identify the pain points of users who faced a troublesome process to listen to music. They understood that customers did not necessarily want to own music. Instead, their fundamental job to be done was to have the access to listen to music.Spotify was able to innovate the process of music listening and introduced a streaming service that focused on accessibility. 
• Providing Music on the go, across devices - Spotify understood that users wanted to listen to music everywhere they go. So instead of transferring files to devices or carrying a portable music device around. One can listen to music by opening the app on their smartphone. In recent times people have multiple devices so Spotify provides streaming on multiple devices. It focused on the user's requirement of listening to music whenever and wherever they go and across different devices.

•  Spotify uses user research to meet the tacit needs of users that are not primarily considered by people. One such example is the Spotify pet playlist. They conducted user-based research with streaming pet- owners. They realized that there was an unrequited need for the pet owners for music to enjoy with their pets. To cater to this specific aspect, Spotify launched Pet Playlist in 2020 which is personalized for pet owners to listen to with their pets. The idea was pretty well accepted and welcomed among streamers. This proves the importance of user-based research and HCD for the betterment of services.

• Spotify has a very unique algorithm that creates playlists based on a person’s mood. Playlists such as “Chill”, “Workout”, “Hype” etc. Spotify analyzes the songs played by a person usually to determine the mood the person is most likely to be in. Spotify also has premade lists for International Hits, Weekly Hits, and Hits of different genres. Spotify’s personal touch makes the user feel more comfortable using the software. Spotify’s auto-play option also plays the next song based on how likely the person is to like that song, based on the songs he was listening to initially. 

• Spotify pushed things a step further by utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning to create custom playlists. There are a variety of custom playlists available, such as Discover Weekly, which predicts new music that users will love, and On Repeat, which comprises songs that users have played regularly. Spotify's attention to diverse user profiles and listening behaviors is shown in the range of playlists available to users. Spotify's usage of human-centered design helps to mold playlists algorithms into these categories   As a result, I find Spotify's human-centered approach impressive, especially when employing technology like artificial intelligence.