2.Write Any Two characteristics of tourism product ?
 -Intangible and Unstable Demand 

3.Define Niche Tourism ?
 -Niche Tourism refers how a specific tourism product can be tailored to meet the needs of a particular/market segment. 

4.Define Special Interest Tourism? 
 -Special Interest Tourism is the provision of customised tourism activities that caters to the specific interests of group and individuals. 

5.Find your own definitions of the type of Special Interest Tourism Given (provide reference)
 - Special interest tourism is a type of tourism that facilitates the customisation of tourism activities to cater to the particular interests of people. One of the special interest tourism is dark tourism. 

Reference-
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.futuremarketinsights.com/amp/reports/special-interest-tourism-sector-overview-and-analysis 

uDone by independent travellers or with package tours

Appeals to tourists who seek “new” destinations, activities and experiences.

A tourism productcan be defined as the sum of the physical and psychological satisfaction it provides to tourists during their travelling en route to the destination.

2- Write any two characteristics of tourism products

They are risky, as the product needs to be used before its bought. 

They are intangible as they cannot be felt or touched.

3- Define Niche Tourism 

Niche Tourism refers to how a specific tourism product can be tailored to meet the needs of a particular audience/market segment.

4- Define special interest tourism 

It is based on special areas or activities done by independent travelers or packaged groups

5- Find your own definitions of the types of Special interest tourism given (provide reference)

Special interest tourism is defined as travelling with the primary motivation of practicing or enjoying a special interest. This can include unusual hobbies, activities, themes or destinations, which tend to attract niche markets.

Reference:

0334812 Tan Tian Jing 
0329959 Jin Ah Young (Lizzy)

•1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

There are five levels of needs and as we grow older we need to find psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, and the final need would be self actualisation

•2. Crompton’s Tourist Typology

Decision making processes and other processes that involve a tourist to choose or make a choice to pursuade a particular tourism visit.

•3. Cohen’s Drifter vs Explorer

Drifters are usually very free minded and they don’t have a particular itinerary planned and don’t mind dealing with the unexpected, whereas an explorer is free minded as well, but they do not enjoy dealing with the unexpected

•4. Plog’s Psychographic Continuum

Instead of focusing on demographics, things such as beliefs are taken into consideration. For example, it is similar to the saying “age is just a number” because age has nothing to do with how the person’s mind works and what they believe in.

•5. Poon’s Old and New Tourists

In order to optimize the number of visitors, local tourist boards must take both old and new tourism into account when planning tourist destinations, and should be aware of both markets when promoting the region

     1.Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 

1.Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
-It's a need satisfaction motivates human behavior. There are five levels of basic needs. As each need is satisfied, a person moves up to the next level. 

2.Crompton's Tourist Typology
-It is choice of process that involve a tourist to choose and make a choice to influence a particular tourism visit.

3.Cohen's Drifter vs Explorer
-.Drifters plan trips wholly on their own, they live with local people which they like to go further away from the "environmental bubble".
-Explorers arrange their trips alone and go somewhere unusual. However, they still retain some of the basic routines and. comforts of their native way of life, somehow trying to mix with local people too.

4.Plog's Psychographic Continuum
 -Every traveller has different mindset and different preference of interest or destinations. Everyone has their own view to the world.


5.Poon's Old and New Tourists
-Poon's Old that old tourist looking for luxury, glamour, brand names. Their objective is to relax and to be pampered.
-New Tourist is people who are tired of sameness of resorts, hotels. Prefer character and authenticity. Like to mix with the local community and looking for an experience journey.

b) Nature, plants, forests, natural attractions, hills, mountains, activities such as hiking, trekking, zip line gliding, equipment for adventure activities.

c) Medicine, herbal medicine, herbal remedies, spas, fitness centers, spiritual wellness centers, aromatherapy, essential oils, pharmaceuticals.

2)a) Beauty, culture, & diversity.

2)b) Marine activities, Shopping, Retirement activities, Connecting with locals, Witness cultural activities

b) Natural environment, vegetation, water quality, wildlife, coastlines, mountain, deserts.

c) Medicine, spas, fitness centers, health centers, spiritual wellness centers, and so on.

2.a) Rich in beauty, culture and diversity 

b) Shopping, variety of food, adventure, feel the natural of the place, and experience our cultural. 

1- Is inclusive tourism & accessible tourism the same? 

In our opinion, although they are similar, they are somewhat different and therefore cannot be considered as the same. Inclusive tourism offers a more broader range of activities for the differently abled tourists and they are more likely to accept all kinds of tourists. No one is left behind. As for accessible tourism, it only focuses on just a few types of disabled people such as the handicapped. 

 

2-What does the destination need to do to have inclusive tourism? 

The destination needs to welcome all tourists as the same. Despite their differences and disabilities, the destination needs to offer everyone the ability to engage in tourism activities and normal day to day life activities as well. They need to be considerate of the services such as public transport, and tourism activities, and etc for differently abled people. For example, voice directions for the blind, and sign language efficient staff at service centers. There should be no discrimination when it comes to normal people and disabled people. 

a. Tourism Product

The tourist product focuses on facilities and services designed to meet the needs of the tourist.

b. Infrastructure

The physical and organizational structures needed in order to fulfill the services of a sector [tourism sector]

c. Tourism resources

The elements used to create a tourism product such as natural and man made. [natural and man made what? incomplete. elements that make it possible to produce a tourism experience including tangible, intangible, human and financial resources.

d. Special interest tourism

Special interest tourism is based on particular areas or activities and it is done by independent travellers or with package tours [provision of customized tourism activities that caters to the specific interests of groups and individuals. In this case, tourism is undertaken to satisfy a particular interest or need.

e. Mass tourism

Mass Tourism is a form of tourism that involves tens of thousands of people going to the same resort often at the same time of year. It is the most popular form of tourism as it is often the cheapest way to Holiday, and is often sold as a package deal. 

f. Niche tourism

Niche tourism refers to how a specific tourism product can be tailored to meet the needs of a particular audience/market segment.

2. Describe the 4A’s of tourism product.

Attractions are those elements in a product which determine the choice made by particular tourist to visit one particular destination rather than another. 

Accessibility means by which a tourist can reach the area where attractions are located. 

Accommodation plays a central role and is very basic to tourist destinations.

Amenities are a necessary aid to the tourist centre. 

3. Identify the characteristics of tourism products and then describe 5 of them.

Intangible 

-Unlike a tangible product, like a motor car or refrigerator, no transfer of ownership of goods is involved in tourism. 

Psychological 

-A large component of tourism product is the satisfaction the consumer derives from its use. 

Highly Perishable

-A travel agent or tour operator who sells a tourism product cannot store it. 

Composite Product

-The tourist product cannot be provided by a single enterprise unlike a manufactured product.

Unstable Demand 

-Tourism demand is influenced by seasonal, economic political and others such factors. 

4. What are the categories of tourism products?

Tourism Oriented Products ( TOP )

- Accommodation, Transportation, Retail travel agents, Tour Operators, Shopping Centre, Tourism Information Center

Residents Oriented Products ( ROP )

- Hospitals, Public parks, Banks and ATMs, Petrol pumps, Postal service

Intangible Products of Tourism 

- Bookings of accommodations, theatres, and at various sites.

- Tourists’ experience by visiting a destination, eating at a restaurant, or performing an activity.

- Tourists’ memory which is created by storing the details of events and experience on the tour. The high degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction is often stored as a long term memory.

- Transportation of tourists and their luggage from one place to another.

5. Describe 2 categories of tourism products.

-Man Made Tourism Products ¬: - Man-made tourism products are created by man for pleasure, leisure or business. Man-made tourism products include

-Symbiotic Tourism Products: - Some tourism products do not fall into the above categories and are a blending of nature and man. why aren't these in Q4?

6. Identify 5 reasons for the development of special interest tourism (SIT).

-Special interest tourism can date back to the earliest forms of tourism. 

-The first tourists traveled for specific reasons, e.g., religious, cultural or for trading purposes. 

-Around the same period, the Greeks traveled to religious festivals, leading to the construction of seaports and accommodation.

-In Medieval Times the pilgrims and missionaries became the most active travellers. 

-Pilgrims traveled to sacred places such as Santiago de Compostella, Jerusalem, driven by their religious convictions.

7. What are the facilitators of SIT growth?

-Evolution of transport 

-Increase in paid holidays 

-Increased access to remote locations 

-Introduction of budget airlines 

8. Identify and define the SIT types.

GASTRONOMY TOURISM

:-Gastronomy tourism (or food tourism): “Foodies” visit a destination in order to experience cuisine and food festivals. Gastronomy tourism is defined as travel that has food as the primary factor of influence in travel behaviour and in the decision-making process.

ECO AND ADVENTURE TOURISM

:-Eco-adventure tourism is a sub-segment of ecotourism that primarily involves adventure activities in the natural habitat, such as mountaineering, rock climbing, trekking, hiking, camping, mountain biking, skiing, rafting, and paragliding. (The International Ecotourism Society)

HEALTH/MEDICAL TOURISM

:-Medical tourism refers to people traveling to a country other than their own to obtain medical treatment. ... Health tourism is a wider term for travel that focuses on medical treatments and the use of healthcare services.

DARK TOURISM

:-Dark tourism is tourism involving travel to sites associated with death and tragedy.

SEX TOURISM

:-travel planned specifically for the purpose of sex, generally to a country where prostitution is legal

INCLUSIVE TOURISM

:-Travel designed for the special needs of those with physical disabilities or other limitations

SPACE TOURISM

:-the practice of traveling into space for recreational purposes.

9. Who are special interest tourists?

Tourists who like to satisfy their curiosity learn more, appreciate beauty, collect things, improve themselves, express their personalities, and receive approval from others.

10. Give 5 characteristics of special interest tourists.

- Identity association

- New Experiences

- Challenges

- Advancement of technology 

- People are more educated

11. Explain the following theories in relation to tourism

a. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

There are five levels of needs, on the top one is Self Actualisation, and then continue down to Self Esteem, Social need, Safety need and the bottom one is Psychological need. This means that in order for motivation to occur at the next level, each level must be satisfied within the individual themselves. 

b. Push and Pull factors (Crompton, 1979)

Explains that motivation is only one of many contributing factors in which assist with explaining tourist behaviour although it is considered a critical factor as it is the ''impelling & compelling force behind all behaviour''.

c. Drifter Vs. Explorer (Cohen, 1972)

Drifter is someone who are prefers to lives within the local community and they are highly adventurous. 

Explorer is the person that who like to travel alone, seeks for comfortable accommodation and reliable transportation.

d. Psychographic continuum (Plog, 1974)

Different types of travellers will have their own prefer destinations to go. Instead of demographics, different characteristics of the people will also have their own view to the world.

e. Psychographic Segmentation

All of which is valuable information psychographics look deeper at people’s personal beliefs, social values and view of the world.

based on peoples personal........

12. Identify on the map countries with the following

a. Two countries for gastronomy tourism in green - Malaysia, South Korea

b. Two countries for sex tourism in red - Thailand, Japan

c. Two countries for adventure tourism in orange - China, New Zealand

d. Two countries for medical tourism - Brazil, India

e. Two countries for culture tourism - France,Turkey

if there is no comments in bold it meets the answers are correct.