Gender bias in women's sports news: a content analysis of the 2023 FIFA Women`s World Cup coverage on Twitter by Kelsey Zheng https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke RQ: How did the news media on Twitter depict the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup and female athletes, and which aspect is the most frequently reported in relevant coverage? en-us 2023-10-11 09:11:30 UTC 2023-10-19 01:57:43 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/26bd.png Women's sports news on Twitter kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741666346 Twitter has become an important tool and platform for journalists to post content. A lot of news corporations and journalists had opened Twitter accounts (Willnat & Weaver, 2014). 
 
Sports news is an active section on Twitter. There are 70% of Twitter users said that they saw sports coverage on Twitter (Barthel et al., 2015). Although sports is a popular news topic on Twitter, only 1.6% of sports news is relevant to females (Adá Lameiras, 2020). The room for female spots news is still very narrow on Twitter. 
 
However, the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup received wide support, and led to heated discussions online (Martelli 2023). Whether gender bias exists in coverage of such massive and global competition on Twitter, will be the main point that this study explores. 
]]> 2023-10-11 11:46:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741666346 Method kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741690936 This study adopts the method of content analysis since it helps discover bias or stereotypes in women`s sports news. By coding the categories and analyzing the text, this study can not only conclude the pattern of content that news media report on Twitter and identify the gender bias description, but also calculate the frequency of different aspects reported in coverage.]]> 2023-10-11 12:06:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741690936 Sample kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741712664 Considering the relevance and representation, the study chooses relevant Twitter accounts for content analysis: @ABC News, @SBS News, @news.com.au and etc. In order to involve news before, during and after the competition, this study also selects coverage reported from June to September 2023.

In this study, on the homepage of selected official Twitter accounts, the keyword "FIFA Women's World Cup" was used to search for eligible coverage. The analysis content in this study is the tweets and complete news articles posted by official news accounts due to Twitter's 140-word limit.
]]> 2023-10-11 12:23:00 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741712664 Code kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741720286 This study codes five categories of women`s sports news on Twitter referring to the Ayhan and Demir`s research (2022):
1. Success— The news media demonstrates the outstanding performance of female athletes and the team`s victory. 
2. Failure— The mistakes female athletes made in the competition, the team being beaten and eliminated.
3. Informative/Unbiased— Neutral and objective description of the competition condition and process.
4. Biased— Bad comments about female athletes and negative attitudes toward women participating in sports competitions.
5. Other— The content not directly related to sports.
]]> 2023-10-11 12:28:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741720286 Date Analysis kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741741738 After encoding the categories and collecting the data, this study will classify them into corresponding categories, count the quantity, and calculate the frequency. Then this study will create a table showing the number of coverage in each category, and the proportion of each category to the total number of news.]]> 2023-10-11 12:43:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741741738 Conclusion kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741757251 At present, this study has completed the selection and collection of samples, and the data analysis is still in progress.  The results of the content analysis will be further discussed in the following phase of research, and the results of this study will be linked with those of previous studies to compare the similarities and differences. ]]> 2023-10-11 12:53:14 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741757251 References kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741757471 Gender Bias. (2022, June 14). In Wikipedia. https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B&oldid=72154168

Ayhan, B., & Demir, Y. (2022). Systematic Sexism: Women’s Sports News in a Circle of Gatekeepers and Users on Twitter. Communication and Sport. https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795221147644

Clavio, G., & Eagleman, A. (2011). Gender and sexually suggestive images in sport blogs. Journal of Sport Management, 7, 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.25.4.295

Petty, K., & Pope, S. (2019). A New Age for Media Coverage of Women’s Sport? An Analysis of English Media Coverage of the 2015 FIFA Women’s World Cup. Sociology, 53(3), 486–502. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26972278

Willnat, L., & Weaver, D. (2014). The American journalist in the digital age. Retrieved from http://news.indiana.edu/releases/iu/2014/05/2013-american-journalist-key-findings.pdf

Barthel, M., Shearer, E., Gottfried, J., & Mitchell, A. (2015, July 14). The evoloving role of news on Twitter and Facebook. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/2015/07/14/the-evolving-role-of-news-on-twitter-and-facebook/

Adá Lameiras, A., & Rodríguez-Castro, Y. (2021). The presence of female athletes and non-athletes on sports media Twitter. Feminist Media Studies, 21(6), 941-958. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2020.1732439

Martelli, J. (2023, August 20). "Only the start for Matildas as FIFA Women's World Cup hailed as best ever". Seven News. https://7news.com.au/sport/fifa-womens-world-cup/only-the-start-for-matildas-as-fifa-womens-world-cup-hailed-as-best-ever-c-11649198]]> 2023-10-11 12:53:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741757471 Gender bias in women`s sports news kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741798296 Gender bias refers to the unequal attitudes toward other people because of the bias of gender roles, misunderstanding and gender differences (“Gender Bias”, 2022).   

The bias is especially outstanding in the sports news domain since the intensity of competitive sports and the large amount of male sports players and audiences (Ayhan & Demir, 2022). 
When it comes to the content, coverage of women's sports cares more about the sexuality of female athletes instead of their achievement (Clavio & Eagleman, 2011). 

However, Kate Petty`s research (2019) suggested that female sports and athletes received a lot of positive coverage during the period of the 2015 FIFA Women`s World Cup, which might indicate media coverage of female sports news has developed to a new stage.]]> 2023-10-11 13:18:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741798296 literature gaps kelseyzheng901 https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741817818 Previous studies suggested that coverage of female sports news is very limited both in traditional journalism and new media, and most of them are gender prejudiced. 

Although the social media platform broadens accessibility to news, the room for female sports news is still limited. Some research only focused on the news reporting local sports activities and did not investigate the global competition. There is also a small number of research focused on female sports news on the social media platform.

However, some research demonstrated positive results: women in the sports field are increasingly being valued by news media. The implications of these findings suggest a pressing need to examine latent gender bias in female sports news on Twitter and analyze the content of new media. ]]> 2023-10-11 13:29:04 UTC https://padlet.com/kelseyzheng901/8z6s6vfto01msnke/wish/2741817818