The history of Unit-731 by https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4 Their beginning history, the atrocious acts they committed, their end goal, the end of unit-731 and how the perpetrators got away with the crimes they lead. en-us 2023-12-08 09:29:44 UTC 2023-12-12 13:07:10 UTC hello@padlet.com In the 1930s-'40s, the Japanese Empire performed horrifying crimes across Asia, such as the Rape of Nanking. German crimes such as human medical testing committed in concentration camps tend to receive more attention than Japan's horrible, shocking crimes, as more research has been done and more history experts have spent time looking back and studying these shocking and truly terrible acts. However, the Japanese too played a part in human medical testing in a secret project called Unit 731. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822402157 2023-12-12 12:22:03 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822402157 sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822403097 2023-12-12 12:23:00 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822403097 Unit 731 was a biological, and chemical research military unit in the Japanese imperial army during World War II sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822406008 2023-12-12 12:25:44 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822406008 Unit 731 was created in 1936 by the approval of Emperor Hirohito in Japanese-occupied Manchuria with the aim of developing weapons like poisons, diseases, etc. It had a partner unit, Unit 100. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822415828 2023-12-12 12:35:08 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822415828 Unit 731 was supported by Japanese universities and medical schools which supplied doctors and research staff. Organized under The Widespread disease Prevention and Water Cleaning Department of the Kwantung Army, Unit 731 operated as a secret chemical and germ-related war fighting research and development unit, managing and doing and responsible for some of the most terrible war crimes of imperial Japan. Unit 731 was led by General Shiro Ishii. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822416096 2023-12-12 12:35:24 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822416096 Ishii's Unit helped the development of close relations with other secret facilities, such as Unit 100, led by General Yamada, and the Kwantung Army, from whom the Unit received many of their test subjects. Prisoners were referred to as Maruta, "logs" for secrecy and dehumanization reasons . sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822417455 2023-12-12 12:36:43 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822417455 sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822417707 2023-12-12 12:36:58 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822417707 Shiro Iiishi sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822419845 2023-12-12 12:39:00 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822419845 The Unit 731 experiments involved infecting prisoners, primarily Chinese prisoners of war and civilians, deliberately with infectious agents, and exposing prisoners to bombs designed to penetrate the skin with infectious particles. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822426175 2023-12-12 12:44:31 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822426175 There were no known survivors of these experiments; those who did not die from infection were killed to be studied at autopsy, and in the waning days of the war all remaining prisoners were killed to conceal evidence. Some experiments were also done to test human responses to freezing temperatures and other extreme conditions. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822426402 2023-12-12 12:44:43 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822426402 Japanese military units also carried out field testing of disease-spreading weapons against both enemy troops and civilian populations. Additional thousands of deaths were caused by spreading plague-infected fleas and cholera bacilli in China in this manner, even though the experimenters developed no really efficient and well-controlled method for dispersing such agents. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822428449 2023-12-12 12:46:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822428449 sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822434549 2023-12-12 12:51:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822434549 With science and medicine as its stated purpose, Unit 731 was called upon to develop cures for sexually transmitted diseases, which had begun to spread among the Japanese army due to soldiers’ rape of civilians and sex with comfort women. To study STDs. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822440158 2023-12-12 12:56:21 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822440158 Unit 731 prisoners were used as human test subjects. Female prisoners, for example, were infected by syphilis either by forced sex with an infected male prisoner or by injections. These women were forced to become pregnant for use in STD experiments, and the babies born to these women were also used in experiments. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822440262 2023-12-12 12:56:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822440262 Some women were forced to have sex to study the transmission of STDs. When the infection of STDs by injection was abandoned, the researchers started forcing prisoners to have sexual intercourse with each other. The process was handled by four or five Unit 731 members, dressed in white laboratory clothing which would cover the body entirely, leaving only eyes and mouth visible. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822441911 2023-12-12 12:57:56 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822441911 A male and female, one infected with syphilis, would be brought into a cell together And forced to have sex with each other, under threat of getting shot if anyone resisted. Once the healthy partner was infected, researchers closely observed the progress of the disease to determine, for example, how far it advanced the first week, the second week, and so forth. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822442738 2023-12-12 12:58:40 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822442738 Instead of looking for external changes, such as the condition of sexual organs, researchers performed live dissections to investigate the effect of the disease on the internal organs at different stages of the disease. Unsurprisingly, some women were impregnated from these sexual encounters sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822442839 2023-12-12 12:58:47 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822442839 Babies, whether born outside or in Unit 731, were also made use of in experiments. The ones born in Unit 731 were the results of rape. A few months after being impregnated, women would be dissected and their fetuses removed while they were awake. On one occasion, a pregnant woman was infected with syphilis, and when her child was born, they were both dissected. Another experiment conducted on children was for a frostbite cure. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822443567 2023-12-12 12:59:29 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822443567 A temperature sensing needle was inserted into the hand of a three-month-old baby and the infant was immersed in ice water, then temperature changes were recorded. This was dubbed "The Baby Experiment." sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822443689 2023-12-12 12:59:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822443689 https://www.pacificatrocities.org/blog/forced-pregnancy-of-unit-731#:~:text=Pregnant%20women%20were%20infected%20with,the%20moment%20they%20were%20born. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822446197 2023-12-12 13:01:51 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822446197 Unit 731 was meant to conduct research that would benefit Japanese soldiers, such as learning more about the ways in which the human body can withstand hunger and thirst and fight diseases. Another goal was to weaponize plagues like the Bubonic plague and bomb places such as Chicago. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822449925 2023-12-12 13:04:56 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822449925 Unlike some of the Nazi doctors who conducted experiments on prisoners and concentration camp inmates, none of those involved with the experiments at Unit 731 were ever punished for their crimes. Instead, after war’s end, many re-entered society and went on to have very successful careers in their fields. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822452552 2023-12-12 13:07:10 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822452552 American forces, chiefly General Douglas MacArthur, decided not to put workers of Unit 731 on trial. MacArthur granted those involved immunity in exchange for the information they had gathered while doing their experiments. He believed that pursuing trials against these people would get in the way of the Americans receiving the medical information that had been documented from these experiments. Because of this decision, justice was never served. sadata20 https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822452629 2023-12-12 13:07:13 UTC https://padlet.com/sadata20/8x7zrudr1v059ai4/wish/2822452629