Eliana Yepes' PlantArea CO by Eliana Yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez en-us 2019-03-07 00:10:07 UTC 2023-07-26 11:27:09 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Xmastree.png Pacific Region - Chocó eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338669264 Impenetrable jungles, fast flowing rivers, the most extensive mangroves in South America, great diversity of endemic species, endless beaches of black sand, coral reefs, an incredible abundance of fish and a unique cultural mosaic. The richness of the Colombian Pacific is impressive and it is also a hotspot of biodiversity.
The Colombian Pacific is part of the Chocó Biogeographic region, it is located in the departments of Antioquia, Chocó, Risaralda, Valle del Cauca, Cauca and Nariño. In its extension it has seven national natural parks, a sanctuary of flora and fauna and two districts of integral management.]]> 2019-03-07 00:46:44 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338669264 Andean Region eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338670368 The Andes has a diversity of climates and exceptional ecosystems, ranging from the perpetual snow to the foothills of the Amazon, through the páramos, the cloud forests or the wetlands. It is one of the areas with the greatest biodiversity on the planet, with a number of species of fauna and flora equivalent to those of the Amazon, due to the large number of thermal floors that occur in the coordilleras. The Colombian Andes have fourteen national natural parks, five sanctuaries and a unique natural area.]]> 2019-03-07 00:52:44 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338670368 Amazon Region eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338670491 The Amazon is the most extensive humid forest on Earth. In Colombia, it presents an unparalleled biological diversity with more than 6300 different plants (WWF citation). It is estimated that throughout the Amazon there are more than 390,000 million trees and 10% of the world's biodiversity. In Colombia, the region covers almost a third of the country.
The amazonian region of Colombia has eight national parks, two natural national reserves and one sanctuary of flora of medicinal plants]]> 2019-03-07 00:53:25 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338670491 Medicinal plant of Colombia eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338702546 Bixa orellana Classification:
Kingdom: Plantae
Subreino: Tracheobionta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosidae
Order: Malvales
Family: Bixaceae
Genre: Bixa
Species: Bixa orellana

Etimology: The word "achiote" comes from the axiotl voice meaning "grain" or "seed". The name of the genus Bixa derives from the common name (bixa or bija) given by the natives of the Antilles, the epithet orellana was given in honor of the Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana, a companion of Pizarro in the conquest of Peru and discoverer of the Amazon. Bija was the name given to the red wine dye obtained from this plant, in the Pijaos communities of Colombia.

Common names: achiote, achote, urucú, rocú, onoto, bija or benis.
]]> 2019-03-07 03:34:49 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338702546 Medicinal plant of Colombia: eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338705401 Lippia alba:
Classification:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Verbenaceae
Genre: Lippia
Species: Lippia alba

Etimology: Genre Lippia, in honor of the French physician and naturalist Augusto Lippi. Epiteto alba, from the Latin album = whiteness.

Common names: pronto alivio​, candó, lipia arbustiva, cidrón,  quita dolor, orégano de cerro, curalotodo, juanilama, hierba negra, pitiona y salvia morada in Argentina.
Studies about medicinal properties Bixa orellana:

]]> 2019-03-07 03:50:19 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338705401 THEME 1: Plant diversity eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338799319 2019-03-07 11:31:23 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338799319 THEME 2: Complexity of plant biogeography eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338802612 2019-03-07 11:42:59 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338802612 Colombia, Neotropical Region eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338810414 The Neotropics extends from Mexico, the Caribbean and South America.
It is characterized by the high presence of tropical forests, great animal and plant riches; seasons of precipitations and droughts well marked throughout the year.
Some mountainous or forested territories with temperate characteristics, such as the Patagonian or Valdivian forest, are included within the neotropics.]]> 2019-03-07 12:13:04 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338810414 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338812567 The location of Colombia in the world and all the abiotic factors that converge in this region, allows it to have a large number of ecosystems with a high variability of fauna and flora. Besides being one of the countries with the greatest diversity of plant species in the world http://antonelli-lab.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Antonelli-Sanmartin_2011-Taxon.pdf]]> 2019-03-07 12:20:48 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338812567 COSMOS - Alexander von Humboldt eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338813873 Alexander von Humboldt an intrepid explorer of nature made great contributions in disciplines such as geology, mineralogy, astronomy, biology and humanism. He sought with his book Cosmos to make an essay on all the knowledge of his time, especially the material world, gathering everything that exists in the sky and the Earth, a scientific but also philosophical knowledge. Humboldt wanted the universality of knowledge, to give recognition to different cultures, to the rights and freedoms of man.
He was a great influence for other naturalists, writers and politicians such as Darwin, Goethe and Simón Bolívar in topics such as revolution, evolution, ecology, conservation, art and literature]]> 2019-03-07 12:25:57 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338813873 THEME 3: Plants and climate change eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338814855 2019-03-07 12:29:32 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338814855 Activate your prior knowledge eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338815943 In south America, tree species are ‘on the run’, trying to move to ground of higher altitude this is due to:
Tropical Andean trees migrate to higher altitudes where the air is cool enough to support their existence. Due to the fast climatic change they have to move faster in order to remain in equilibrium with their preferred temperatures.]]> 2019-03-07 12:33:35 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338815943 THEME 4: Plants as source for the future eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338818686 2019-03-07 12:42:58 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338818686 ACTIVATE YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338819244 The threat of climate change and the knowledge that it is related to CO2 emissions from fossil fuels has led scientists to look for alternatives for our energy needs, that is in the cultivation of biofuel crops. However, Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels is highly controversial since it solves one problem but creates new ones. ]]> 2019-03-07 12:44:47 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/338819244 Description Shape, Leaves, Trunks... eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339178124 Shape: Shrub or small tree, evergreen up to 9 meters high.
Cup / Leaves: Rounded and dense cup. Leaves simple, alternate, large and glossy, ovate, long tip at the apex, on thin and long petioles, heart-shaped at the base, remarkable points of color brown on the underside, 9 to 19 cm long by 6 to 11 cm wide.
Trunk / Branches: Cylindrical trunk. Young branches light brown, thin; the green tips.
Cortex. External clear coffee, somewhat fissured, easily detaches in long strips. Yellow inner or yellow-orange, with orange, sticky sap, slightly bitter.
Root: Pivotal and very long radical system.]]> 2019-03-08 04:23:40 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339178124 Description - Flower, Fruits and seeds eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339178298 Flower: Colorful flowers, arranged in terminal corimbos, carrying the peduncles from 2 to 4 pink, reddish or white flowers, from 4 to 5.5 cm diameter; chalice of 5 sepals, chestnut green that will soon they fall; corolla with 5 petals, wide and rounded.
Fruit: The fruit is an ovoid to ovoid capsule globose, brown-reddish, 3 to 5 cm long by 3 to 4.5 cm in diameter, dehiscent by 2 valves, bristling small thin and soft stingers up to 6 mm; ontaining approximately 50 seeds.
Seeds: Red seeds almost triangular something compressed and small, from 5 to 5.5 mm long by 4 to 5 mm wide, with a pulpy red head and a fleshy albumen. The cotyledons are flat.
Sexuality: Hermaphrodite]]> 2019-03-08 04:25:02 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339178298 Uses eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339178712 Medicinal [leaf, seed, fruit, root, stem].
Properties and actions: astringent, antiseptic, emollient, antibacterial, antioxidant, expectorant, healing, febrifuge, stomatologic and antidisenteric.
Leaf: diuretic and antigonorreic properties, erythema, Erysipelas, stomach, vomit of blood, hemorrhoids, headache and throat, purging, inflammation, hypoglycemic The use of the seed and the fruit is consider an effective antidote against poisoning for Jatropha curcas (abdominal pains, diarrhea, vomit, throat irritation, gastroenteritis) and Manihot esculenta (dyspneic manifestations and until death of the subject). Seed (ground): measles, smallpox, Stomachache, kidney diseases, dysentery and Febrifuge, astringent and light purgative. The oil of the seeds can be used successfully against leprosy. Pulp: burns and blisters. Root: digestive and antitussive Tea made with small stems and leaves. It is used as an antidisenteric, aphrodisiac, astringent and to treat skin infections, fevers and hepatitis.
Extracts in ethyl alcohol from fruits and leaves have shown to have in vitro activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

]]> 2019-03-08 04:28:39 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339178712 Studies about medicinal properties Bixa orellana: eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339178982 Annate extracts have different pharmacological properties including the antitumor, anti-inflammatory, astringent, emollient, antiseptic, antibacterial, antioxidant, cicatrizant among others and has been prescribed in wounds and burns cure.
This study seeks to make a review of the chemical composition, toxicology and pharmacological effects of interest for the potential treatment of disorders in the field of stomatology in order to validate from clinical practices the usefulness of the extraxtos of the plant:  http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75152010000200012]]> 2019-03-08 04:31:02 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339178982 Plant Description eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339179253 Shape: perennial grass, sometimes shrub up to 2 m tall, with a strong smell of lemon, lime or mint.
Leaves:  opposite or sometimes alternate and oblong sheet. Petioles up to 14 mm long, leaves 2 - 7 cm long, oblong, oblong lanceolate, oblong ovate, acute or obtuse, cuneate or attenuated at the base.
Flower: Inflorescence.  Zigomorphic flowers, hermaphrodites in axillary spikes, solitary or apparently at the beginning subglobose, about 6 mm in length,Corolla tube 3 - 5 mm long, corolla lilac pale to purple, or white to purple, 5 to 6 mm long and features a cylindrical tube
Fruit: The fruits are about 3 mm long, in drupe or dry capsule with a dark violet membranous exocarp, which is separated at the end in two little walnuts

]]> 2019-03-08 04:33:43 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339179253 Uses eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339179605 Sedative, diabetic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, for digestive and antispasmodic disorders, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic and antifungal ]]> 2019-03-08 04:36:10 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339179605 Studies about medicinal properties Lippia alba: eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339179751 Lippia alba is a medicinal plant known in Colombia as "prontoalivio" and it is used for the treatment of multiple gastrointestinal ailments. The essential oil, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts obtained from the plant have shown antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic and antifungal power.

In the present study, the in vitro antibacterial effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Lippia alba against three isolates of Helicobacter pylori was determined.

Additional studies are required to establish the potential clinical use of the aqueous extract in combination with antibiotic treatments. 
http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-99572011000200002

]]> 2019-03-08 04:37:56 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339179751 Chicha eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339250616 Chicha is an ancestral drink that is elaborated mainly with the fermentation of pineapple (Ananas comosus) or grain corn (Zea mays). Depending on the degree of fermentation, the beverage becomes stronger. It is usually a handmade drink, from mild to medium alcohol content. Its origin is attributed to the natives of the savannah of Cundinamarca and Boyacá, the two departments where its consumption is most common.

Corn chicha or chicha de jora, traditionally repared by chewing the corn to make the mixture and then let it ferment in a clay pot with spices and panela. At the moment the grains of the ear are ground with a mill.]]> 2019-03-08 11:39:44 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339250616 Aguardiente eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339252340 Aguardiente is perhaps the most representative alcoholic beverage for Colombians, so its production has been industrialized and does not follow craft processes like those of other liquors. It is a distilled of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) that is added anise, what gives it its characteristic flavor. It is a fairly strong drink with a high sugar content, so in addition to producing drunkenness produces strong hangovers. In Colombia, several departments stand out for the production of aguardiente, among them: Huila, Antioquia, Meta, Valle del Cauca, Tolima and Caldas.]]> 2019-03-08 11:49:11 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339252340 Plants for Alcoholic drinks eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339252437 2019-03-08 11:49:42 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339252437 Plants Christmas eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339261681 Euphorbia pulcherrima
In Colombia, trees are not used at Christmas. People buy plastic pine trees to decorate. However, some plants like the Poinsettias by their colors and shapes are commonly used on these dates to decorate homes at Christmas
https://www.agronegocios.co/agricultura/mas-de-400000-poinsettias-salen-al-mercado-para-la-temporada-de-navidad-2800122]]> 2019-03-08 12:30:58 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339261681 Studies about medicinal properties Lippia alba: Current studies show that natural products represent a rich potential source of new anti-dengue compounds. Among these plants is Lippia alba eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339541923 2019-03-09 10:08:24 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339541923 Studies about medicinal properties Lippia alba eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339542364 This study evaluated the phenolic profiles and the antioxidant activities of seven different accessions of L. alba. The seven accessions of L. alba studied exhibited an important phenolic content, and all accessions demonstrated antioxidant activity with different efficacies...This extract was able to reduce hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in tissue homogenates of cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus and liver of Wistar rats.]]> 2019-03-09 10:14:55 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339542364 Studies about medicinal properties Bixa orellana: The studies discussed in this review represent a rich database around the Bixa orellana activities and its potential uses, which evokes the feasibility of phytopharmaceuticals to treat some diseases whenever an antioxidant, hypotensor, or hypoglycemiant activity is necessary. eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339544273 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/857292/]]> 2019-03-09 10:43:24 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339544273 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339546667 The Andes mountain range is the main natural component that divides the South American continent in the east-west direction, presenting an Amazonian block and an Andean block, of greater diversity in altitudes and valleys.
The other macroenvironments represented in the Neotropical region are Brazil and Guayana; the sedimentary depressions of the Amazon, the Orinoco, and the Chaco-Pampeana plain; the extra-Andean Patagonia; El Monte and Sierra Pampeana.
Tropical climates dominate most of the continent and the Caribbean, while maritime climates dominate to the south.
The western region of Colombia can present a rainfall index of up to 9000mm per year, while the Amazon basin presents an average of 2000mm per year.]]> 2019-03-09 11:18:23 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339546667 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339547293 The neotropical forest has the largest amount of plant species on the planet, with more than 90,000, and the most of them (> 95%) are angiosperms (Thomas 1999).]]> 2019-03-09 11:25:21 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339547293 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339897608 Coriandrum sativum
 Originally from the Middle East, it is an annual herbaceous plant, it flowers from the month of May onwards. Its fruits mature in June or July.
It is a usual spice in marinades.
All parts of the plant are used in the kitchen: roots, stems, leaves and seeds aromatize food]]> 2019-03-11 12:04:56 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339897608 Spices Plants eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339899323 2019-03-11 12:09:44 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339899323 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339899553 Cuminun cyminum
Native to the warm zones of Europe, China and India, annual herbaceous plant with stems of 30 to 50 cm in height, with finely divided dark green leaves, small flowers, white and sometimes pink or purpureous, growing in umbels. His color is brown
The aroma is warm, strong, pungent and pungent
It is used as a culinary condiment and as a medicine.]]> 2019-03-11 12:10:24 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339899553 Food plants eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339901183 Solanum tuberosum
The potato or potato  is a species of herbaceous plant. Native to the region that today would comprise the southern highlands of Peru and northwestern Bolivia. The tubers are used for food
]]> 2019-03-11 12:14:29 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339901183 Climate Change eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339905015 The future climate on the Colombian territory will be doing
gradually warmer towards the end of the 21st century when it will be at 2.8-3.0 ° C above the 1976-2005 average, with the greatest warming in the low areas Eastern, Caribbean and Pacific
Magdalena river basin; the precipitation towards 2011-2040 will be reduced by more than 30% in sectors of the Caribbean region and in the Amazonian trapeze and will have increases greater than 30% in Cauca and Valle del Cauca, Eje Cafetero, Huila, Tolima, Cundinamarca and Boyacá; for the period 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 is maintained practically the same configuration the changes in precipitation.
More: http://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/023778/variabilidad.pdf
]]> 2019-03-11 12:23:46 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339905015 Climate Change in Colombia eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339909090 2019-03-11 12:32:15 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339909090 Although Colombia's contribution to the emission of greenhouse gases is very low at the international level, the country is one of the most vulnerable to the direct and indirect effects of the climate phenomenon eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339910121 2019-03-11 12:34:23 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339910121 THEME 5: Threatening factors of plant diver eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339913795 2019-03-11 12:42:27 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339913795 Endangered plants eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339914371 Ceroxylon sasaimae is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is native to Colombia, where it is located in the Cordillera de los Andes at an altitude of 1400-1800 meters. Critically endangered species
The species is endangered by the small number of individuals calculated in 50 mature individuals. Its potential habitat is totally intervened by farming systems]]> 2019-03-11 12:43:41 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339914371 Endangered plants eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339920686 Cryosophila kalbreyeri This palm is endemic to Colombia and Panama where it is treated in danger of extinction due to loss of habitat. Although it has a wide range of distribution, its habitat has been deforested and it is estimated that it has lost up to 30% of its population in the last three generations.]]> 2019-03-11 12:56:19 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339920686 Endangered plants eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339924567 Dracula velutina is a species of epiphytic orchid. It is originally from Colombia. Known from only three locations, close to each other. These localities still present some remaining forests, in very steep terrain. Probably, the populations are affected by deforestation and agricultural activities. It qualifies for the category of Vulnerable by criterion D2, since it is known less than five locations.]]> 2019-03-11 13:03:09 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/339924567 Theophrastus and the Plants eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/340028763 Theophrastus Ereso was a Greek philosopher and disciple of Aristotle.
He contributed two of the most important works that are usually indicated as the origin of Botany: The "History of plants" in 9 books and "On the causes of plants" in 6 books. Both books are about the classification and ecology of plants, dealing with topics such as reproduction, distribution, habit of growth and their practical applications as food and medicine.]]> 2019-03-11 15:58:35 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/340028763 Red Books of colombian plants eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/340050914 The red books of plants of Colombia, where the species in the categories of threat are described can be consulted here
http://www.humboldt.org.co/es/buscar?q=libro+rojo+plantas]]> 2019-03-11 16:36:50 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/340050914 Adaptations Plants eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/340057597 https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/article/view/48412/51271
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322285912_Genetic_Engineering_of_Crop_Plants_Colombia_as_a_Case_Study
http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/agc/v25n2/v25n2a06.pdf]]> 2019-03-11 16:49:10 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/340057597 5 plants on Red List of my PlantArea in Colombia eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344181924 2019-03-22 12:51:14 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344181924 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182316 1. Cariniana pyriformis
It is found in Colombia and Venezuela in dry forests or tropical moist forests between 30 and 770 meters elevation.
It is classified as critically endangered due to the overexploitation of wood, felling and the opening of land for extensive livestock and agriculture. It has lost about 80% of the habitat of this species in the last 100 years.
The conservation measures for the species are the exploration and monitoring of the remaining wild populations, propagation in vivarium and reintroduction in farms and reserves. The total closed season on the felling and exploitation of its wood in different locations in Colombia has been proposed.

https://www.sinchi.org.co/files/publicaciones/publicaciones/pdf/LR_MADERABLES.pdf

]]> 2019-03-22 12:52:08 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182316 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182360 2. Zamia montana
Is a plant endemic to Colombia, known only from a small area in northwestern of the country between 1750 and 2000 meters elevation.
It is critically endangered due to its small distribution area (less than 100km2) and its habitat is extremely threatened by the local exploitation of wood and by the implementation of agricultural activities. It is also assumed that it is collected by nurserymen.
As a conservation measure it is grown in the botanical garden of Medellin. It has been proposed to diagnose the current state of the population and promote the protection of the only known locality under a local reserve area and establish germplasm banks

https://www.humboldt.org.co/es/component/k2/item/277-libro-rojo-de-plantas-de-colombia-vol-2-palmas-frailejones-y-zamias-serie-libros-rojos-de-especies-amenazadas?highlight=YTo2OntpOjA7czo1OiJsaWJybyI7aToxO3M6NjoibGlicm9zIjtpOjI7czo0OiJyb2pvIjtpOjM7czo1OiJyb2pvcyI7aTo0O3M6NzoicGxhbnRhcyI7aTo1O3M6MTA6ImxpYnJvIHJvam8iO30=]]> 2019-03-22 12:52:13 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182360 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182405 3. Masdevallia apparitio
Endemic plant of Colombia. Known of a single locality in the north of the Western Mountain range in the municipality of Urrao (department of Antioquia), between 1800 and 2200 ms of altitude.

It has not been reported in its habitat since 1975 and the existing plants belong to descended cultivated plants from the original collection. The species could be affected by the Habitat destruction due to deforestation. Is critically endangered.
The taxon is grown ex situ at the botanical garden of Bogota and by orchid enthusiasts. This orchid is currently listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). It has been suggested that Masdevallia spp. should be protected, by listing them in CITES Appendix I.

https://www.humboldt.org.co/es/component/k2/item/280-libro-rojo-de-plantas-de-colombia-vol-6-orquideas-primera-parte-serie-libros-rojos-de-especies-amenazadas?highlight=YTo2OntpOjA7czo1OiJsaWJybyI7aToxO3M6NjoibGlicm9zIjtpOjI7czo0OiJyb2pvIjtpOjM7czo1OiJyb2pvcyI7aTo0O3M6NzoicGxhbnRhcyI7aTo1O3M6MTA6ImxpYnJvIHJvam8iO30=

for conservation measures: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44392250/44416391

]]> 2019-03-22 12:52:20 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182405 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182451 4. Magnolia calimaensis
Endemic plant of Colombia. It is known from Chocó Biogeográfico, in the Bajo Calima region, to the west of the department of Valle del Cauca, below of 100 m of altitude in humid forests and very humid tropical forests.
Is critically endangered  because it is estimated that it has a extension of lesser presence of 100 km2 and it is known of only one location. The forests of the region have been subject to overexploitation of round wood and sawdust.
The locality where M. calimaensis is known has been much explored in the last decades, but the species has not been registered again, which may be indicative of its rarity in the region.
Conservation measures proposals suggest exploring the area of Bajo Calima in search of the species and make a diagnosis of its state of conservation. Confirm your presence in the Bahía Málaga Reserve and others reservations of the region. Develop propagation protocols for the species.

http://repository.humboldt.org.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.11761/31409/121.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
 

]]> 2019-03-22 12:52:26 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182451 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182488 5. Ceroxylon quindiuense
Endemic plant of Colombia. It grows in the Andes mountain range between 2000 and 3000 meters elevation, in humid montane forest areas. 
 
It is a species endangered mainly by the tranformation of the habitat for livestock. Adult individuals are unable to reproduce in open areas and livestock grazing. Until recently thousands were cut of leaves to be used as bouquet in the Holy Week. Chopped stems are used for fences, beams and houses and the wax beams was extracted to make candles and matches, which led to the felling of trees.
A factor that contributes to aggravate the situation for this species, is the appearance, since the end of the 80s, a disease that manifests itself with a gradual drying of the leaves until the death of the plant.
Strictly speaking, it is protected by the law, since it was designated as "Colombian national tree", in 1985, where the protection of its habitat is demanded and logging is prohibited under criminal action. Although it is not confirmed, it is believed that the species is in the state protection area. There is also a ban to prevent the cutting of leaves in the celebrations of Easter and environmental education programs have been carried out throughout the country.

It has been proposed to evaluate the current state of the populations; promote the protection of areas where palm groves are still extensive; include it in botanical gardens and collections live, encourage its cultivation as an ornamental plant. Take actions for the study and control of the disease that affects adult individuals. Continue with the total closure to cut their leaves nationwide.

https://www.humboldt.org.co/es/component/k2/item/277-libro-rojo-de-plantas-de-colombia-vol-2-palmas-frailejones-y-zamias-serie-libros-rojos-de-especies-amenazadas?highlight=YTo2OntpOjA7czo1OiJsaWJybyI7aToxO3M6NjoibGlicm9zIjtpOjI7czo0OiJyb2pvIjtpOjM7czo1OiJyb2pvcyI7aTo0O3M6NzoicGxhbnRhcyI7aTo1O3M6MTA6ImxpYnJvIHJvam8iO30=

]]> 2019-03-22 12:52:31 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182488 eliana_yepes https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182543 In summary, the 5 colombian plants are in reduced habitats, 4 of them are endemic of the country and are in endangered or critically endangered.
They have in common that they are rare species with very small distribution areas. They are affected mainly by overexploitation and the destruction of their habitat.

Only the wax palm Ceroxylon quindiuense presents clear conservation measures for its protection, the other plants present only proposals for their conservation
]]> 2019-03-22 12:52:38 UTC https://padlet.com/eliana_yepes/elianayepesperez/wish/344182543