https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71 Schools are assigning too much homework for optimal learning. en-us 2021-10-01 20:45:04 UTC 2021-10-26 16:00:29 UTC hello@padlet.com 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1785102723 2021-10-01 20:50:10 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1785102723 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1785103038 2021-10-01 20:50:29 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1785103038 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1790902817 Working in high school can provide a valuable experience for students. When students have too much homework, it can decrease the amount of time they have for activities such as work. Studies by  (Kuhn and Weinberger 2005; Barron, Ewing, and Waddell 2000; Persico, Postlewaite, and Silverman 2004) show students who participate in extracurricular activities such as sports will earn higher wages in the future. But excessive amounts of homework place a barrier on these types of activities.

C: Koski, KalenSabrina, et al. A Service of Zbw. 2009.
In-text: (Koski et al.)


]]> 2021-10-04 21:27:18 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1790902817 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1790930747 Homework develops important life skills for young kids, but an excess of homework can result in early burn out. This burnout can result in students not completing other assignments, and in a lack of motivation for the future.

C: Costley, Kevin. Homework Does Homework Really Improve Achievement? Introduction and Literature Review. 2013.
In-text: (Costley)]]> 2021-10-04 21:47:29 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1790930747 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1790934937 Spending too much time on homework can lead to a lack of other critical life skills. Students are less likely to pursue things they enjoy when they are assigned too much homework.

C: Parker, Clifton B. “Stanford Research Shows Pitfalls of Homework.” Stanford News, Stanford University, 10 Mar. 2014, news.stanford.edu/2014/03/10/too-much-homework-031014/.
In-text: (Parker)]]> 2021-10-04 21:50:46 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1790934937 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1793490123 Optional homework

One study by Di Napoli showed that elementary school students given only voluntary homework scored the same or slightly above students assigned compulsory homework.

Another study by  Crawford and Carmichael showed that when given no homework, children showed a decrease in academic performance entering high school compared to those with homework throughout their previous years of schooling.

Rosenstengel and Turner show that supervised study in class has a higher benefit than at home study.

C: Goldstein, Avram. “Does Homework Help? A Review of Research.” The Elementary School Journal, vol. 60, no. 4, 1960, pp. 212–224, www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/999298.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct. 2021.
In-text: (Goldstein)

]]> 2021-10-05 15:26:07 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1793490123 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1793573491 A study by the OECD showed that after 4 hours of homework per week, student performance began to decline.

C: Lathan, Joseph. “Education Inequity: Homework and Its Negative Impact on Students.” University of San Diego, 4 Jan. 2018, onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu/education-inequity-and-homework/.
In-text: (Lathan)

]]> 2021-10-05 15:48:04 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1793573491 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1793624202 Homework takes away time from leisure activities, which can help develop important life skills for the future ( Warton, 2001; Coutts, 2004).

C: Cooper, Harris, et al. “Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research.” Review of Educational Research Spring, vol. 76, no. 1, 2006, pp. 1–62, upload-community.kipa.co.il/819201525856.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct. 2021.
In-text: (Cooper et al.)]]> 2021-10-05 16:02:41 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1793624202 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1793652869 Denise Pope, a senior lecturer at the Stanford Graduate School of Education and a co-author of a study published in the Journal of Experimental Education:
-Homework benefits stop increasing at 2 hours per night for high school students.
-Homework leads to sleep deprivation
-Less time for out of school activities: students who spent too much time on homework did not meet developmental needs, and missed out on many important life skills


C: Parker, Clifton B., and Stanford University. “Study Suggests More than Two Hours of Homework a Night May Be Counterproductive.” Phys.org, 11 Mar. 2014, phys.org/news/2014-03-hours-homework-night-counterproductive.html. Accessed 10 Oct. 2021.
In-text: (Parker and University)


]]> 2021-10-05 16:11:12 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1793652869 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1797808190 Higher amounts of homework generally results in negative student attitudes towards school. An excess of homework is shown to decrease student attitude toward school and encourage cheating. In early grades, the use of homework is largely counterproductive. The goal of homework should be teaching students how to learn, it is important that assignments are as  individualized as possible. There should be many different ways to accomplish tasks set in every assignment.

C: Doyle, Barber, Mary Anne E., Betsy S. Homework as a Learning Experience. What Research Says to the Teacher. Third Edition. May 1990.
In-text: (Doyle, Barber)]]> 2021-10-06 21:19:27 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1797808190 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1797839419 Homework causes anxiety in students, greater levels of anxiety can negatively effect student achievement. Having an excess in schoolwork can lead to insufficient sleep, and anxiety and depression can be caused by high pressure environments. All of these can lead to social withdrawal, a decrease in academic achievement, and drug or alcohol use.  ( Blazer, C., & Miami-Dade County, P. S. (2010). Students Stress. Information Capsule. Volume 1006. (). Research services, Miami-Dade County public Schools ).

Additionally, many students avoid taking challenging class that may benefit them in the future because they feel like they cannot handle the workload due to time constraints, home life, etc. If less homework were assigned, more students might take more opportunities they are given.

C: Annous, Ibtissam. HOMEWORK IS ASSOCIATED with ANXIETY in STUDENTS. May 2017.
In-text: (Annous)]]> 2021-10-06 21:38:00 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1797839419 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1797854625 Quality homework is important to student learning, busy work is counter productive.

C: Rimer, Sara. “Does Homework Really Help Students Learn?” Boston University, 13 Mar. 2019, www.bu.edu/articles/2019/is-homework-helpful/.
In-text: (Rimer)]]> 2021-10-06 21:48:03 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1797854625 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1800271134 Balancing an excess of homework with out-of-school activities like part-time work can lead to burnout in the future.

C: Oxford Learning. “Infographic: How Does Homework Actually Affect Students? | Oxford Learning.” Oxford Learning, 16 June 2017, www.oxfordlearning.com/how-does-homework-affect-students/.
In-text: (Oxford Learning)]]> 2021-10-07 15:46:17 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1800271134 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1800290355 Department of labor reports that 46% of high school students were in the workforce in 11978, and that number has only increased since then.

Many students report that having a job requires them to juggle other aspects of their life, both academic and social.

C: Irwin, Victoria. “Teens Juggle Jobs and Homework as More Enter the Work Force.” Christian Science Monitor, 6 Oct. 1980, www.csmonitor.com/1980/1006/100611.html.
In-text: (Irwin)]]> 2021-10-07 15:52:25 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1800290355 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1800318272 Working while in high school provides important opportunities for students. It teaches students the value of money & budgeting, helps students feel more capable/ can boost self esteem, and improves time management skills. All of these are essential to student's future success in the workforce. About 80% of high school students will work a job during high school.




Counter- arguement:
-Creates negative emotions towards work
-Can lead to fatigue/ burnout

(Singh, M. Chang, and S. Dika, Effects of Part-Time Work on School Achievement During High School, The Journal of Educational Research, on the internet at www.researchgate.net/publication/254345619_Effects_of_Part-Time_Work_on_School_Achievement_During_High_School.)

&

(Holloway, Research Link / Part-Time Work and Student Achievement, Educational Leadership, on the internet at
www.ascd.org/publications/educational_leadership/apr01/vol58/num07/_Part-Time_Work_and_Student_Achievement.aspx. )

C: Walden University. “Should Students Hold Jobs While in High School? | Walden University.” Waldenu.edu, Walden University, 20 Feb. 2019, www.waldenu.edu/online-doctoral-programs/doctor-of-education/resource/pros-and-cons-of-working-a-job-in-high-school.
In-text: (Walden University)


]]> 2021-10-07 16:02:11 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1800318272 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1800340506 An excess of homework leads to early burnout and decreased motivation for future achievement. ]]> 2021-10-07 16:10:32 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1800340506 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1803308894 If the policy was no homework, teachers may still need to assign a few important assignments. "No homework" policy is almost impossible.

C: “Are ‘No-Homework’ Schools the Future of Education?” Lamar University Online, 26 Feb. 2018, degree.lamar.edu/articles/education/are-no-homework-schools-the-future/. Accessed 10 Oct. 2021.
In-text: (“Are ‘No-Homework’ Schools the Future of Education?”)]]> 2021-10-08 20:49:12 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1803308894 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805607079 Homework is unfair to different groups of children because of their different home lives. Many schools are moving toward voluntary homework. Many schools are unable to accept a change in homework policy.

C: “Are ‘No Homework’ Schools the Future of Education?” UTA Online, 13 Nov. 2015, academicpartnerships.uta.edu/articles/education/no-homework-schools.aspx.
In-text: (“Are ‘No Homework’ Schools the Future of Education?”)

]]> 2021-10-10 15:22:00 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805607079 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805612681 2021-10-10 15:25:14 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805612681 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805635585 Widespread assumptions about the benefits of homework are widely disproven by available research.
-No evidence that homework benefits kids younger than high school age
-Highschool= negligible improvement in test scores
-Little to no studies show that homework improves life skills (time-management, independence, etc.)
One parent compared her child to a "worker on a double shift"

Some schools are changing to non-traditional homework

C: Kohn, Alfie. “Down with Homework! | Scholastic.” Scholastic.com, 2019, www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/down-homework/.
In-text: (Kohn, “Down with Homework! | Scholastic”)]]> 2021-10-10 15:37:39 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805635585 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805686494 A book written by Alfi Kohn states that students who don't finish homework are often subject to "shaming" in class. Practicing so "every student can be on the same page" is ineffective and harmful to many students. The argument that homework promotes good work habits is based more on what future employers want than what is best for the child on the time. Assigning too much homework out of class sets the norm that a child's free time is unimportant/ not valuable. Gets kids used to an unhealthily long workday.

C: Kohn, Alfie. The Homework Myth: Why Our Kids Get Too Much of a Bad Thing. Google Books, Hachette Books, 3 Apr. 2007, books.google.com/books?id=rHmVHL9IkQMC&pg=PT108&lpg=PT108&dq=Bellwether+School+in+Williston. Accessed 10 Oct. 2021.
In-text: (Kohn)]]> 2021-10-10 16:06:06 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805686494 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805759010 Pro homework sentiment continues because of mandatory testing, the growing competitiveness in school systems, and economic concerns. Guidelines need to be set on the amount of homework, and the times it is assigned. Some schools have adopted a 10 minute per grade level limit on homework.

C: Hough, Lory. “Are You down with or Done with Homework?” Harvard Graduate School of Education, 2012, www.gse.harvard.edu/news/ed/12/01/are-you-down-or-done-homework.
In-text: (Hough)]]> 2021-10-10 16:52:04 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805759010 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805771803  Researchers at Indiana University found that math and science homework slightly improved standardized test grades, but course grades showed little to no improvement. Homework results in more familiarity with the kinds of questions seen on tests, and not as much the actual course material.

C: Maltese, Adam, et al. “IU Study: Homework Doesn’t Improve Course Grades but Could Boost Standardized Test Scores: IU News Room: Indiana University.” Newsinfo.iu.edu, 15 Nov. 2012, newsinfo.iu.edu/news-archive/23471.html. Accessed 10 Oct. 2021.
In-text: (Maltese et al.) ]]> 2021-10-10 17:00:56 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805771803 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805777903 Homework has to meet students' individual needs to be effective. Alfie Kohn, one of the best known critics of homework says that homework is the best extinguisher of a child's curiosity. Students' other responsibilities should be respected by schools.

C: Tingley, Suzanne Capek. “Balancing Extracurriculars and Passion with Homework in High School.” Hey Teach!, 25 Oct. 2017, www.wgu.edu/heyteach/article/balancing-extracurriculars-and-passion-homework-high-school1710.html.
In-text: https://www.wgu.edu/heyteach/article/should-students-have-homework1808.html]]> 2021-10-10 17:05:30 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805777903 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805785375 Relationship between time spent on homework and test scores is curved, not linear. Test scores decrease when an excess of homework is assigned. Correlation between test scores and homework, not causation.

C: Larson, Samantha. “Spending Too Much Time on
Homework Linked to Lower Test Scores.” Smithsonian, Smithsonian.com, 31 Mar. 2015, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/spending-too-much-time-homework-linked-lower-test-scores-180954814/.
In-text: (Larson)]]> 2021-10-10 17:11:07 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805785375 672551 https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805801078 The belief that "gain outweighs pain" is not proven, based on faith. Continuation of excess homework disrespects students, top-down pressure to increase test scores. Health professionals examined the negative effects of heavy backpacks on students' health, instead of criticizing schools, recommended exercises to children to strengthen their backs. (Alfie Kohn)

C: Alfie Kohn. “Homework: No Proven Benefits.” Edutopia, George Lucas Educational Foundation, 19 Oct. 2006, www.edutopia.org/no-proven-benefits.
In-text: (Alfie Kohn, “Homework: No Proven Benefits”)]]> 2021-10-10 17:22:17 UTC https://padlet.com/672551/8wisgesu9pqmz71/wish/1805801078