I learned that public procurement involves procuring of goods and services for public agencies. This may include construction, as well as consultants. I learned that public procurement gains its revenue from taxes (Public tax), transfers from federal government and fee's from licenses. Public tax may also include, sales from purchases we make, income tax and Business taxes.

I learned what are public agencies. They are municipal/Provincial/ federal government, healthcare etc. Cooperative purchasing has many groups like mix sectors, pool together needs etc. W e did the different types of purchasing. The advantages and disadvantages of purchasing. Some advantages are, networking, achieving greater value and greater strength when resolving disputes. The disadvantages included items like, commitment, workload and timing schedules.

We learned that there an organizations that received government funding but aren't part of the government like hospitals, schools and community case access corporations. Trade agreements are important and public procurement has a huge responsibility in making sure all T's are crossed.

I learned that every business has a risk. We examine three risks, avoidance, transfer and managing. Every firm has to determine which risk is better suited for there daily operations. Transferring risk is when the firm uses insurance incase of a fire etc. The risk is no longer our responsibility should a fire occur. Risk avoidance is trying to avoid the whole event from happening. Taking other measures to achieve a goal. Risk management is overseeing and dealing with the risk.

Public procurement is the process through which government agencies and public organizations purchase goods, services, or works from external suppliers using public funds. Laws and regulations governing public procurement vary by country but generally aim to ensure fairness, transparency, competition, and efficiency. Contract law deals with agreements between people. There are different types of contracts, Like Contract A and Contract B, each with its own rules. Contract A involves the initial agreement, while Contract B might include extra negotiations of changes later on. Law agencies, which are usually government groups, make sure people follow the rules in contracts. They check if there are any problems and can help solve disagreements. Common Law, which is based on last decisions, is important in contract and agency law. it helps decide what the rules mean and how they apply in different situations. So, contract law, law agencies, and common law together to make sues agreements are fair and everyone follows the rules. We also read Ron engineering 1951 and explored what happened and saw that most cases refer to that incident.

I learned that competitive bidding is the most formal process used to request good and services that a firm needs and its a way to demonstrate integrity. There are many types of competitive bidding documents like Request of Proposals (RFP) and Request for Quotations (RFQ). Request for Quotation means a formal invitation for firms to submit pricing for specific goods and services, may be price based where the lowest price wins. The firm has to be qualified to products the required goods and services in order to be rewarded. Request for Proposal, is a formal invitation a firm submits to a response to an agency's required products and services, it's mainly used for general goods and services, not specific, this also explains how the firm will achieve the work with pricing being a factor and involved evaluation for proposal responses. Non-Competitive procurement is sole sourcing, single, p-card purchases, unsolicited proposals and negation. The class also looked at tools in competitive bidding which included closing time and date, sealed submissions, conflict of interest declaration and disqualification etc. The vernal competitive bid process for quote or tender included award to lowest, possible site visit, creation of competitive document etc. Lastly we looked at general competitive bid process for a proposal which may include, requisition identifying need received bidder question and answer period (Blackout), RFx closes, bids received by procurement etc.

We did the individual case analysis and the following day I got tother with my group. Jason and Nicole, to do the executive summary. We all had different veiws, Jason and I had similar ideas. We created the summary based on all of our analysis on the individual case. We put its together and made sure it was flowing as one person did it and corrected errors.

We learned that specifications is used to describe the physical, functional, performance characteristics of a good or service. It communicates to there general public what the firm needs and its the basis for building a document. Procurement's support needs specifications. There are many types of specifications, it can range from, regulatory products, brand names, design, market trade etc. Design is the physical characteristics, blue print and engineering plans of a product a contractor must provide to the buyer. A brand name is symbol, logo or design that sets the product to a particular person, eg. Channel bags all have the C's like an x, so you know right away what product it is. There are many aspects to put into consideration when reviewing specifications like, use, budge, costs and environmental concerns etc.

How to choose the right supplier for a project. We explored how some projects pick the cheapest option, while others consider more things. It's important to make sure suppliers meet the requirements. We also looked into what happens if a supplier can't do what they say they can. Bids can get disqualified if they don't follow the rules. Projects decide who to pick, based on different factors. There are rules for the people who decide, and they have a meeting to discuss and choose. After the meeting, they might need more information before they make a final decision. Finally, the project ends by giving out contracts and telling everyone what happened. There are different stages in the process, like planning, bidding, and finishing up, and each project might do things a little differently.

We talked about ethics in public procurement and its role. We did a couple scenarios where we formed groups and discussed what ethics are and what should be done according the scenario. Ethics is huge deal and public procurement aren't allowed to accept gifts, even as simple as a pen. It is a form of favouritism and disrespect to other clients. Public procurement has to be fair. Ethics play a crucial role in not just the public sector but all aspects of a business and varies according to types of businesses and roles in an organization. Supply chain has a different set of rules where they are allowed to accept gifts.

This is a work class. We got into our groups and worked on our presentations for SILEx. My team and I did not make it to class but we virtually worked on our assignment.

Today we had the SILEx project presentation. All the groups were super nervous. My group did okay, we rushed for time and felt so overwhelmed because we were third in line to present. When we got up in front, I was so nervous I almost forgot the simplest part of the introduction. We managed to finish the presentation. We looked at all the other group present and cheered them on. Today was a scary one, I was never nervous but because was in an uncomfortable position with new people, it made present even more hard. I realized I was alone and that every group has the same issue. We are all happy for the experience and thankful it's over. I know what my personal weakness is now and what I have to work on for future job presentation. I am determined to succeed in this area.

Contracts are agreements between two or more parties. Contracts vary according to the nature of a business or nature of agreements. The elements to make a contract valid are offer and acceptance, intent, consideration, within legal capacity and for legal purposes. I've learned today that there a different types of contracts like purchase order, blanket purchase order, service level agreements and master service agreements. Supplier management main purpose is to ensure smooth transition of goods and services. While ensuring quality, delivery, cost, continuous improvement and communication. Suppliers performance can be measured though informal and formal evaluation. Informal evaluation may include feedback from internal customers, and discussions with executive on an annual basis. Formal evaluation is categorical evaluations, weighted point evaluations and cost based evaluations. Supplier development is the actions performed by a procurement official to enhance the performance of one of their suppliers. This means helping a supplier understand how to work with the agencies to complete bids etc. Supplier debriefs is a meeting after a project has been awarded. This module taught me a lot about contracts, its importance and what a contract must include.

The final class and last lecture for the semester. This class, we did a Quick Look into contracts as our last class was canceled. We did a quick review of all the modules and everything we've learned over the semester. We brainstormed and pooled together the little things learned in each module. Our lecturer gave us advice for resumes and how to move forward from here. We also looked at the Eclipse today. It was such an amazing class. I would miss this class. I also realized how much I love public procurement. Although it's a very scary field, I think I'll be good at it judging my banking experience. I love the ethics module the best. This class also made me realize how quickly the entire semester and time at Fanshawe has passed. Feels like I just started, can't believe it's over.