2.Faqihah

2.aliff

-Resistant varieties = choose plant varieties that resist bacterial wilt

-Sanitation = remove infected plants : uproot and destroy infected plants

-Water management = use clean water : ensure irrigation water is free from bacteria

- Insect control = manage insects that can carry the bacteria (insecticide), like cucumber beetles

-Monitoring = regular checks : inspect plants often and remove any that show symptoms early

-Yellowing or distortion of leaves.

-Leaf drop or defoliation.

-Black or brown spots or patches on the leaves.

-Fungal growth can cover the entire leaf, giving it a "fuzzy" appearance.

1. White patches of fungal growth develop on the surface of the leaf.

2.Leaf edges curl upwards, exposing the white, powdery fungal growth.

3.Tiny, round, black fungal structures (cleistothecia) may also be present on the underside of the leaves.

-2)Selective pruning for good air circulation around the plants and crop rotation are essential. Downy mildew doesn't like warm or dry weather, so this is likely to stop the disease.

• Plant in the sun: Planting in sunny areas will reduce the humidity that helps powdery mildew thrive.

• Prune plants: Pruning plants will improve the airflow around foliage and reduce the humidity that attracts some types of powdery mildew.

• Remove dead foliage: Dead or dying foliage will drop to the ground and become a breeding ground for fungi. Remove dead leaves from the plant and from the ground, which will reduce the problem from spreading.

• Space plants: Giving plants significant space helps increase air circulation which will also allow water to better evaporate from leaves. 

• Baking Soda: To control powdery mildew on plants with a baking soda spray, mix the following in a spray bottle: 1 tablespoon of baking soda, 1/2 teaspoon of liquid non-detergent soap, and 1 gallon of water. Evenly coat the affected plant including the underside of leaves and stems. This recipe is effective, but too much can burn leaves. Water plants well a couple of days before applying, don’t apply it in full sun and try it on an area to test the plant's reaction. Spray weekly and reapply after rain.

• Neem Oil: Neem oil, an organic fungicide, won't cure the problem, but applying it will help prevent other spores from germinating. It will also prevent the penetration of the spore into a plant's leaf tissue.

• Organic Fungicide: Fungicides can't reverse the damage the powdery mildew has done, but they can kill off existing pathogens responsible for spreading the disease. Sulfur is typically a preventive fungicide so instead, use horticultural or plant-based oils (such as neem oil or jojoba oil) after the disease has developed.

jagung

cucumber

kacang

•cucumber

•melons

•pumpkin

•squash

•broccoli

•cabbage

•brussels sprouts

MUHAMMAD NUR FAIZUDIN

Adlan

2.Fatin Aleesya

-Wrinkled, curled, or small leaves.

-Pronounced yellowing only of veins.

-Stunted growth and reduced yields.

-Infected fruit appears mottled and develops raised “warty” areas.

-Dark green blisters.

-Stems that dry out rapidly.

1. Plant Resistant Varieties: Choose chili plants that are naturally resistant to the virus.

Example: The 'Cayenne Long Slim' variety is known for its resistance to the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV).

2. Control Insects: Use insecticides or natural predators like ladybugs to control aphids, which spread the virus.

Example: Using neem oil spray can effectively control aphid populations. Alternatively, introducing ladybugs to the garden can naturally reduce aphid numbers.

3. Remove Infected Plants: Immediately pull out and destroy plants that show symptoms to prevent the virus from spreading.

Example: If a chili plant exhibits yellowing and mottled leaves, it should be immediately uprooted and disposed of away from the garden to prevent the virus from spreading to healthy plants.

4. Rotate Crops: Grow different types of plants each season to prevent the virus from building up in the soil.

Example: After growing chili peppers one season, rotate to a non-solanaceous crop like beans or corn the next season to break the life cycle of the virus.

5. Keep the Area Clean: Remove weeds and plant debris that can harbor the virus or insects.

Example: Regularly weed the garden and remove any plant debris. For instance, after harvesting, ensure all plant remnants are cleared out to eliminate potential virus hosts.

6. Use Healthy Seedlings: Start with virus-free seeds or seedlings from trusted sources.

Example: Purchase certified virus-free seedlings from reputable nurseries, such as those sold under the "Certified Disease-Free" label.

7. Avoid Overhead Watering: Water at the base of plants to prevent water splash from spreading the virus.

Example: Use a drip irrigation system or water the base of the plants directly with a watering can to minimize the risk of water splash, which can spread viruses.

8. Reflective Mulches: Use reflective mulches to deter aphids.

Example: Apply silver or aluminum foil mulches around the base of the chili plants. These reflective surfaces deter aphids by confusing their sense of direction and reducing their ability to land on the plants.

1. Limiting overhead watering

2. sanitizing equipment before use, using clorox

3. sanitizing the plant using hydrogen peroxide, but dilute it first.

4. Remove the infected plant

5. Use crop rotation method. Example of crop rotation: First beans, then potato, after that annual plant

6. Sterilize the soil using steam.

Chemical:

1. Liming the soil

2. using nitrate nitrogen fertilizer

3. use synthetic fungicides (Thiophanate-mently) as a soil drench annd seed dresser

nur insyirah

fareesha irdieynna