• classical conditioning (stimuli associated with past trauma)
  
• observational learning (observed fears of parents/friends)
  

(Snake, cliffs, angry faces—not cars, guns, or electricity)

1. a distressing emotion aroused by impending danger, evil, pain, etc.,

whether the threat is real or imagined; the feeling or condition of being afraid.

Synonyms: foreboding, apprehension, consternation, dismay, dread, terror,

fright, panic, horror, trepidation, qualm.

Antonyms: courage, security, calm, intrepidity.

• Fear is necessary for survival
  
• Vital response to physical and emotional danger
  
• How we protect ourselves from threats
  

• The fear of spiders.

2. Ophidiophobia:

• The fear of snakes.

3. Acrophobia:

• The fear of heights.

4. Agoraphobia:

• The fear of situations in which escape is difficult.

• The fear of dogs.

6. Astraphobia:

• The fear of thunder and lightening.

7. Trypanophobia:

• The fear of injections.

8. Social Phobias:

• The fear of social situations.

9. Pteromerhanophobia:

• The fear of flying.

10. Mysophobia:

• The fear of germs or dirt.