Depressive Episode Signs and Symptoms (Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens). 

  

October 31). https://casapalmera.com/blog/8-ways-to- prevent-eating-disorders/.

Allen, J. L., Sandberg, S., Chhoa, C. Y., Fearn, T., & Rapee, R. M. (2018). Parent-dependent stressors and the onset of anxiety disorders in children: links with parental psychopathology. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(2), 221–231. https://doi-org.easydb.angelo.edu/10.1007/s00787-017-1038-3

American School Counseling Association . (n.d.). Ethical Standards. ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors. https://www.schoolcounselor.org/getmedia/f041cbd0-7004-47a5-ba01-3a5d657c6743/Ethical-Standards.pdf.

Bipolar Disorder Statistics. Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. (2019, July 12). https://www.dbsalliance.org/education/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-statistics/.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, March 22). Data and Statistics on Children's Mental Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/data.html. 


Creswell, C., Waite, P., & Hudson, J. (2020). Practitioner Review: Anxiety disorders in children and young people – assessment and treatment. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry,  61(6), 628–643. https://doi-org.easydb.angelo.edu/10.1111/jcpp.13186 


H., J. N., & Mandar, M. (2020). Effects of Aerobic Exercises for General Anxiety Disorders in Adolscents. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 14(3), 330–334. https://doi-org.easydb.angelo.edu/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10378 

Holland, K. (2018). Alternative Treatments for Eating Disorders. Healthline.

https://www.healthline.com/health/eating-disorders-alternative-treatment#alternative.

Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Student Academic Progress. IBCCES. (2020, April 17). https://ibcces.org/blog/2019/05/01/impact-anxiety-depression-student-progress/. 


Pietrangelo, A., (2018). 

https://www.healthline.com/health/types-of-depression#persistent-depression

Prevention. National Eating Disorders Association. (2018, February 22).

https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/general-information/prevention.

Ramirez, A. C., Grebe, S. C., McNeel, M. M., Limon, D. L., Schneider, S. C., Berry, L. N., Goin-Kochel, R. P., Cepeda, S. L., Voigt, R. G., Salloum, A., & Storch, E. A. (2020). Parent-led, stepped-care cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with autism and co-occurringanxiety: study rationale and method. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 42(6), 638–645. https://doi-org.easydb.angelo.edu/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0897 


Spence, S. H. (2018). Assessing anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 23(3), 266–282. https://doi-org.easydb.angelo.edu/10.1111/camh.12251 

Texas Education Agency. (n.d.). Austin, Texas. 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-children-and-teens/. 


Van Meter, A. R., You, D. S., Halverson, T., Youngstrom, E. A., Birmaher, B., Fristad, M. A., Kowatch, R. A., Storfer-Isser, A.,   Horwitz, S. M., Frazier, T. W., Arnold, L. E., Findling, R. L., & LAMS Group, T. (2018). Diagnostic Efficiency of Caregiver 

Report on the SCARED for Identifying Youth Anxiety Disorders in Outpatient Settings. Journal of Clinical Child 

& Adolescent Psychology, 47, S161–S175. https://doi-org.easydb.angelo.edu/10.1080/15374416.2016.1188698 

What Are Anxiety Disorders? (n.d.). https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders. 

What Are Eating Disorders? (n.d.). https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders.

What is Depression? (n.d.). https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

Phone #: (888) 363-2855

This facility mental health treatments for Bipolar Disorders, Depression, Schizophrenia though various psychotherapy methods and strategic designed plans.  

Crossroads Behavioral Health Services
Uvalde, Texas 

Address: 100 Royal Lane, Uvalde, TX 78801
Phone #: (888) 363-2855


This facility mental health treatments for Bipolar Disorders, Depression, Schizophrenia though various psychotherapy methods and strategic designed plans.

Nationwide Facilities:

Pacific Health Systems 
San Diego, California
https://pacifichealthsystems.com/


This facility provides  most effective and cost-effective bipolar disorder and depression treatment programs are medication and psychotherapy. 

Skyline Trail 
Atlanta, Georgia 
https://www.skylandtrail.org/

National Eating Disorder Association(NEDA)

http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/

National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated

Disorders (ANAD)

anad.org

Project HEAL

https://www.theprojectheal.org

Beat: Eating Disorders

https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/

Overeaters Anonymous

oa.org

Crisis Text Line

crisistextline.org

This facility provides the most intensive level of care for adults and adolescents with bipolar disorder and depression as well as treatment programs.

Referral Process:

Here at San Felipe Del Rio CISD
our referral process is typically followed by a chain of command steps: 

1. The teacher, coach or staff member will begin to document behavior, actions as well as process patient is conducting while in a class setting. 

2. Teacher will then contact parents informing of the child's abnormality in the class as well as contact the counselor and rely information that is documented to them. 

3. The counselor will schedule to meet with the student and monitor the student on a daily basis. As well as a parental meeting would be conducted to evaluate the parent's perspective of the abnormality. 

4. The counselor will then provide a document of outpatient resources which if the parent decides to purse, the counselor could offer assistance in helping the parent. Reminder that the parent would be the main advocate for the child when deciding to purse an out-side resource. 

5. San Felipe Del Rio CISD offers telecommunications services provide by Telehealth that provide treatments, counseling as well as methods to assist in mental health services. 

6. Once a treatment or plan is provide by the Psychiatrist, the school counselor, parents, and district's Licensed Professional Counselor are able to develop a 504 plan to accommodate the needs of the student to ensure that success will occur in the aspect of school as well as treatment.           

•General Anxiety Disorder 2%

•Agoraphobia 1-2.9% 

•Panic Disorder 2-3% 

As well as Women are more likely to develop anxiety disorders then Men! 

9-20% of youth will suffer from a type of mental illness such as anxiety (Van Meter et al., 2018). 

Family history of mental illness such as anxiety, can play a significant role in anxiety with children as they are more likely to develop symptoms(Allen et al., 2018). 

 

A similar study conducted in 2018 that analyze the effectiveness of the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders confirm that although this diagnose tool was effective more efficient results were found when other tools were used in the process(Van Meter et al., 2018).

Anxiety Treatments 

Medical research continues to be ongoing and has provided significant tools and treatments in order to handle anxiety.

According to a recent study, stepped care Cognitive Behavior Therapy has been proven to be cost-efficient method to identify anxiety factors that can be treated (Ramirez et al., 2020). 

Another effective method for treating anxiety happens to be aerobic exercise as it has been proven to reduce stress levels and depression (J.N. & Mandar, 2020).  

regarding eating in which an individual’s behaviors, thoughts and emotions are strongly correlated to the situation(What

Are Eating Disorders?).

The earliest forms of Eating Disorders have been recorded as far back as 323 B.C. -31 B.C. and 5th-15th A.D. As

purification was sought out through starvation as it was viewed as spiritual practice that was known as “holy

anorexia” as this was noted to cause upper class women pass away due to starvation(Lauren Muhlheim, n.d.)

Up to this date, Eating disorders have evolved and

branched into severe categories.

caused by self-induced

starvation and weight loss

which would cause significantly

low ideal weight(What Are

Eating Disorders?).

• Dizziness or fainting caused by

dehydration

• brittle hair/nails

• muscle weakness

• Heartburn or Acid reflux

• Severe constipation

• Osteoporosis

• Depression, irritability, anxiety and

fatigue

Bulimia Nervosa
occurs when individual’s eat “safe

foods” that are low calorie and

only binge eat high calorie foods.

They typically have a method of

getting rid of their intake such as

self-induce vomiting or misuse of

laxatives (What Are Eating

Disorders?).

• Dizziness or fainting caused by

dehydration

• Frequent bathroom breaks after meals

• Chronic sore throat

• Heartburn or Acid reflux

• Swelling of salivary glands in the cheeks

• Dental Decay

• Laxative or diet pill misuse

• Recurrent diarrhea

Binge Eating Disorder
occurs when individual’s consume

enormous amount of food in a

short period and lose a sense of

control over their eating (What Are

Eating Disorders?).

Symptoms and Signs:

• Eating more quickly in short periods of

time

• Eating past feeling full

• Eating large quantities of food constantly

• Eating alone because of embarrassment

• Feeling depressed, guilty about eating

habits

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorders
This disorder consist of being very conscious of

eating certain items which in turn leads to

malnutrition (What Are Eating Disorders?).

Symptoms and Signs:
• Extreme disinterest in food based on 

physical appearance and nutritional

facts

• Low Appetite

• Anxiety about eating in general

• Significant weight loss and

malnourished

• Inability to eat with others

Pica
This eating disorder consists of

an individual whom diet consist

of items that have no nutritional

value or not consider food(What

Are Eating Disorders?).

Symptoms and Signs:
•Consumption of non-food

items, such as ice, dirt, soil,

chalk, paper, hair, etc.

• commonly dealing with

infections or gastral issues.

Rumination Disorder
This eating disorder involves the

regurgitation of food and is brought

back up and re-chewed or reswallowed

or spat out((What Are

Eating Disorders?).

Symptoms and Signs:
• reoccurrence for a month or more

• caused without the presence of

gastrointestinal issues

• caused without the presence or

diagnoses of eating disorders

Preventions methods have seen success such as Universal, Selective, and Indicated/Target preventions. Targeted programs have achieved more success due to focusing primarily on the

issue at hand (Prevention, 2018).

Parental Involvement with Eating Disorders

It has been noted that if parents are more aware of this issue, they can play a significant role in the prevention process. According to the Casa Palmera

program, Parents can provide these five methods:

1. Be a Role Model: Set a an example of positivity, good behavior,

healthy attitudes and eating (8 Ways to Prevent Eating Disorders

(Plus 5 Recommendations for Parents), 2019).

2. Educate Your Child: Learn about Eating Disorders as well as signs,

habits, symptoms as well as consequences (8 Ways to Prevent

Eating Disorders (Plus 5 Recommendations for Parents), 2019).

3. Mute Media: Limit exposure of media as well as explain the

unhealthy aspect of being guided by the media(8 Ways to Prevent

Eating Disorders (Plus 5 Recommendations for Parents), 2019).

4. Don’t make it about Weight: Stress the fact that weight doesn’t

determine healthiness nor overall wellness(8 Ways to Prevent

Eating Disorders (Plus 5 Recommendations for Parents), 2019).

5. Build your Child’s Esteem: You are your child’s best advocate(8

Ways to Prevent Eating Disorders (Plus 5 Recommendations for

Parents) 2019).

Healthy Alternatives 

Various options are available in order to assist individual’s

to better or suit their lifestyle other than therapy!

• Body Awareness Therapy: This therapy is used as a therapeutic and focuses on movement as well as been known to reduce unhealthy body and self-awareness (Holland, 2018).

• Yoga: This therapy can be used to lower stress levels as well as provide positive feelings such as positive senses of well-being, being less self-objected, and feeling more comfortable about one’s body(Holland, 2018).

• Relaxation Therapy: This therapy focuses on decreasing stress and elevating serotonin and dopamine which can reduce emotional and binge eating, reduce anxiety, addiction, pain, as

well as can gain an acceptance to one’s body(Holland, 2018).