Grade 9 Applied Science Exam Topics List by John Shaughnessy - Sandalwood Heights SS (2442) https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017 Please work in groups to figure out the list of topics that we covered in each unit. en-us 2017-01-13 15:03:05 UTC 2025-11-03 05:19:52 UTC hello@padlet.com Electricity - Static and Current - Harkunwarpal, Ravneet, Ishmael, Jagraj https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147061471 Static - Positive & Negative attract. 
- Positive and Positive repel
-Insulators don't let electrons flow through them.
- Conductors allow electrons to flow through them.
- Electrons stay stuck on the surface and doesn't move.
Induction - Electrons move away or towards another charged object when  it's  placed close to it.
Conductors - Copper, Aluminum, Iron, Mercury, other metals.
Insulators - Rubber, wood, plastic, pure water, metal oxides (Such as rust)
Fair conductors - Water with dissolved minerals, Moist air, human body, carbon, soil.
Lightning travels very fast, at the speed of light. 
Thunder travels much slower, at the speed of sound.
Sparks is a stream of electrons jumping across a air gap, heating air glows and expands.
Lightning is an extreme version of sparks.
Friction - When 2 objects are rubbed together.
Induction - When a negativity charged object comes in contact with a positively charged object.
Once you get closer to lightning the time between thunder and lightning decreases.
Lightning travels very fast, at the speed of light, and thunder travels much more slow, at the speed of sound.

Safe Shelter ;
Large buildings because its properly grounded.
Cars, school buses, and other vehicles with hard tops are safe, if windows are rolled up and do-not touch any metals.
- Avoid highest points of land.
- Remain in a safe place for 30 minutes after the last thunderclap.
 Not safe shelters ; 
Under a tree. The tree may be the highest point of land.
- Away from objects that conduct electricity, like bikes, lawnmowers and golf clubs.

Lightning rods ; A rod that is attached to the highest buildings in an area.
- Are connected to wires that allow electrons (From lightning) to safely flow through the cold water pipe.
- Lightning rods help electrons get grounded.
Grounding static charges on a vehicle;
- Usually a metal chain that touches the ground while you drive.
- Mostly attached to the rear of the vehicle.
- prevents electrons from building up on/in your car.

Current ; Always negative to positive.
Circuit ; Continuous loop of electrons to flow.
Needs a energy supply.
Series ; Has a single loop for electrons to travel around. ( One way)
Components are connected one after another.
Current has to travel through all components
Current is the same at all points
Voltage is shared between components.
Parallel Circuit ; Has two or more paths for electrons to flow down
Current is shared between paths for electrons to flow down
- Sum of the current in each branch = total current
-Voltage loss is the same for all components
- Current is the flow of electrons around a circuit.
- Electrons flow changes directions 50x per second
Ammeter ;
- Measures current (I)
- Unit - Amps (A)
Current - is a flow of electrons
Voltage (V) ;
- Gain or loss of energy as it passes through a component
- Voltage lost = Voltage gain
In series voltage loss is shared between components
In parallel voltage loss is the same across all components.
Voltmeter ;
Measures Voltage 
Unit = Volts (V)
Voltage increase as it passes through energy suppliers
- Voltage is decreased as it passes through users
Current In series ; always the same
Current in parallel ; the branches share electrons and add to the total.


]]> 2017-01-13 15:10:54 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147061471 Matter https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147062085 Matter is the study of everything around us

The 3 states of matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas


]]> 2017-01-13 15:12:43 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147062085 Scientific Method, Observations, Inferences https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147062118 ~Observation: facts gathered using one of your 5 senses.
~Observations can be qualitative or quantitative.
    -Qualitative observations describe objects using a description.
    -Quantitative observations describe objects using             measurement/counting.
~An inference a judgement based on an observation.
~independent variable: changed by the experimenter
~dependent variable:changes due to the independent variable
~control variable: factor that stays the same throughout the experiment
Scientific Method:
 1. state the purpose or question
 2. make a prediction or hypothesis
 3. design the experiment
 4. gather the equipment
 5. make observations and collect and record the data
 6. analyze your results
 7. make a conclusion
8. report your investigations including suggestions for changes]]> 2017-01-13 15:12:53 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147062118 Space- Gurvir, Antonio, Arjun, and Nick https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147062608 - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
- There is over 1 billion stars in the milky way galaxy
- Stars MAKE their own light
- The Sun is the hottest thing in the universe
- A lunar eclipse is when the Earth passes between the Moon and Sun
- A solar eclipse is when the moon passes between the Earth and Sun
- FULL SHADOW = UMBRA, partial shadow = penumbra

]]> 2017-01-13 15:14:33 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147062608 Ecology https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147065816 - the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
- Food Chains go in one line and end at the apex predator
- a food web goes in different directions and can be greatly effected if one animal is taken away from the web
- Enviorment: the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. ]]> 2017-01-13 15:24:27 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147065816 Space https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147068294 - 8 planets orbit the sun, in order of distance from the sun they are, murcury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, satern, uranus, neptune
- The earth rotates 365 times in one orbit around the sun (revolution)
-  Elon Musk - SPACE X and Tesla
- A first stage Rocket  engine that is reusable.
-the Earths spin axis is 23.5
-There are three main types of galaxies: elliptical,spiral, and irregular
-We on earth have only only moon but some planets have dozens of them. Other planets like mercury wouldn´t be able to hold on to the moon because mercury is so close to the sun and because of itś gravity.
-biggest to smallest planets- Jupiter, Saturn,

iss - 


Canadian contributions]]> 2017-01-13 15:32:03 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147068294 Ecology 2 https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147068403 ~Abiotic factors: non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning or ecosystems.
~Biotic factors: living component that affect the population of another organism, or the environment.
Food chains: a model that describes how the energy that is stored in food is transferred from one living thing to another .
~Photosynthesis: -conversion of light energy to chemical bond energy.
                                -associated with the green pigment, chlorophyll.
~Equation:
        light energy + carbon dioxide + water ----> glucose + oxygen

~ producer --> primary consumer --> secondary consumer --> tertiary            consumer --> APEX consumer
PRODUCERS:  plants are producers because they produce energy for the ecosystem
-they need water and nutrients from the soil, but plants are the only place where energy is made
CONSUMERS: animals are consumers. they do not produce energy. animals that eat plants are called primary consumers or herbivores. Animals that eat other animals are called secondary consumers or carnivores. If a carnivore eats another carnivore, it is called a tertiary consumer. Some animals eat both plants and animals, they are omnivores.
DECOMPOSERS: they eat decaying matter (dead plants and animals) they help put nutrients back into soil for plants to eat. examples are worms, bacteria and fungi.  
~ a food web contains of many food chains
~ food chain only follows just one path as animals find food
~ a food web shows that many different paths plants and animals are connected

]]> 2017-01-13 15:32:23 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147068403 Matter https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147068787 - Matter is anything that has mass and volume
- Mass is a measure of quantity in an  object
- Mass is often measured in kilogram or grams.
- Volume is a measure of how big an object is or how much a fluid takes up
- Volume is often measured in liters or milliliters
- All matter has volume, even if that volume is very small.
- All matter is composed of very tiny objects called particles
- All particles have spaces between them
- Particles present in matter are always sin motion
- A particle in a substance attract each other
- In ice, water particles vibrate but not move around. They attract each other strongly, forming a solid.
- As heat is added, the particles of water vibrate more quickly, which weakens the attraction between them.
- When enough heat is added, the particles of the water break free from each other and separate  forming a gas. 
Particle Theory ;
Solid - Strong force, close together.
Liquid - Weaker force, farther apart.
Gas - Very weak force, very far apart.

]]> 2017-01-13 15:33:41 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147068787 Electricity https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147069384 -electricity is circuits, lightning, batteries, conductors,insulaters
- every thing is made of atoms and 
-electricity travilles at the speed of light
-A spark of static electricity can measure up to three thousand volts
- A bolt of lightning can measure up to three million volts
eletric currents are mesured by amps
travles at the speed of light
A spark of electricity

]]> 2017-01-13 15:35:39 UTC https://padlet.com/p0070876/GR9P2017/wish/147069384