Richard Dyer by Megan https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b Made by the best row in the classroom :) Mason, Jake, Chelsea, Elle, Ottie, Megan and James. en-us 2017-11-07 14:24:55 UTC 2026-02-24 17:53:09 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Moderncam.png Richard Dyer - 1979 megankennie13 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/202811772 Many of the debates and critical approaches representation focus upon stereotypes, which, according to Dyer, involve a number of processes:

  • The complexity and variety of a group is reduced to a few characteristics

  • An exaggerated version of these characteristics is applied to everyone in the group as if they are an essential element to all members of the social group.

  • These characteristics are represented in the media through media language
]]> 2017-11-02 09:13:18 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/202811772 Richard Dyer - 1979 - Stereotypes legitimise inequality charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359066 Dyer argues that the use of stereotypes in media reinforces the idea of differences between different types of people. 
how we treat others determines how we see them. how we see characters comes from representation.
stereotype = exaggerated version.

this form of sterotypeing is argued by Dyer to argue that its to legitimise (support) inequality. 

most representations come from a stereotype and are exaggerated or hyper real for entertainment value.

key point: dyer sees stereotyping as a way to legitimise inequality ]]> 2017-11-07 14:29:45 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359066 1. How does Dyer's concept of HEGENOMY explain the creation of stereotypes: charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359130 Hegenomy: the political, economic, ideological or cultural power influenced by a dominant group over other groups. In the media it encourages people to consent to status quo. middle class have more power over the working class. 

His concept is that stereotypes are used in media as an exaggerated version of a group to show the differences between groups. this use of hegemony is that there is devide between the groups so sterotypes are created because of them being kept separate. ]]> 2017-11-07 14:29:51 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359130 2. How are identities constructed, communicated and negotiated? charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359305 identities are a socially/histrocically constructed concept - we learn it through interactions with others.

What is identity:
- how we make sense of ourselves.
- we construct our own identities through experiences, emotions, connections + rejections.

How do others impact identity:
- we compare ourselves to others
-its easier to see what we aren't rather than what we are
- process of elimination: you can decide which answer is right by deciding what is wrong first

How the market affects identity:
- identities are marketed through what we own e.g. cars, houses, clothing
-how we present ourselves
constructed - from family, peers, media.

How can race/ethincity affect identity:
- race tells that our genetic 
- ethnicity ,ales a god culture to relate to
-ethnic neighbourhoods we live in keep us in one culture

communicated - through different groups of people including the media.]]> 2017-11-07 14:30:11 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359305 3. How are stereotypes maintained? charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359430 when directors need to show a certain character easily they will use a stereotype of that character, an exaggerated version. if they keep being used then they will always be there: maintained through media. 

when we think of their image we think about her representation in the media form rather than what she really is. 

What we see in the media influences how we dress because we follow a trend because thats what is sold in shops and comes from someone else.
we emulate other people, e.g. pouting to be like Kim k.

proconsidered ideas off an actor, if they are always hired for action films we can expect what film it will be that they are in.- enhance feeling of that film from their stereotype. ]]> 2017-11-07 14:30:21 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359430 4. Are all representations negative? (plus example) charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359501 Some positive examples. 
e.g. African Americans with better atheletic ablityi make it easier for one of them to get taken as an athlete.

some negative examples
e.g. women can't do certain male jobs, this would make it harder for a women to be considered for job role.

But both negative/positive representations can have positive or negative impacts. these depend on the cultural background and sense how the information is decoded. ]]> 2017-11-07 14:30:28 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359501 5. what does Dyer mean by negotiated identities? charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359543 negotiated identity: people reach an agreement on 'who is who' to define/support their/others desired self-images, they do this by challenging others identities. mindless + mindful attuning to self-identity reactive issues plus engaging in intentional attainment to others salient identity issues

identity salience: the strength of affiliation/sentiments or feelings of belong/connection that we have with the larger culture. ]]> 2017-11-07 14:30:33 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359543 Identity negotiation theory: charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359581 Emphasis: Cultural + ethnic identity conceptualisations.

premise: human beings in all cultures desire positive grouped based and positive person based identities.

Focus: ways to obtain accurate knowledge of the identity domains of the self and others in the interocular encounter.

Concern: the ways that we can enhance identity understanding, respect and mutual affirmative valuation of the other.

Motivations: - to feel secure that things are as they appear
- to feel included/ be included
-to experience a certain amount of predictability and to trust the response of others. ]]> 2017-11-07 14:30:37 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359581 6. How are people able to challenge and evolving stereotypes? charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359669 2017-11-07 14:30:49 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359669 7. How do stereotypes enforce hierarchy? charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359705 Hierarchy: a system in which members of society are ranked according to relative status or authority.

Stereotypes enforce this because we judge people as soon as we meet them based on what they wear, then relate it to the stereotype of that clothing. once judged it means that we avoid certain groups as we place them in the rankings. ]]> 2017-11-07 14:30:53 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359705 How are stereotypes maintained? stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359778 As people keep on using them to convey characters quickly, the audience begins to recognize them more. This maintains them because they keep seeing the same things over and over, and as such still remember them when they are brought up. When people see something they recognise from media in real life, it strengthens the stereotype in their mind and reinforces it's truth, which is damaging.]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:00 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359778 Richard Dyer - Stereotypes legitimise inequality masonbartle https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359783 Stereotypes are always about power – those with power stereotype those with less power. Hence he argued there were more recognisable stereotypes of gay men, non-white racial groups, the working class and women in society , and alternatively it was perhaps not so easy to point to media stereotypes of white, middle class, heterosexual men. Stereotyping can be seen to exaggerate difference and in doing so may increase antagonisms between groups . A problem with the media’s use of stereotypes is its selectivity , as it conveys values and assumptions that may help construct the audience’s perception of the world and consequently their behaviour. It is important to note that the media does not invent stereotypes, but by repeatedly using them, media can be accused of reinforcing certain values and assumptions. It can be argued that it is not the media’s use of stereotypes that is problematic but the audience’s assumption that this representation can be applied to all members of a particular group .]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:01 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359783 8. How might this apply to representation of gender? charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359784 there is a ranking of the two genders, different dependant on culture. causing a difference in power and prestige between M and W. ]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:01 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359784 How does Dyer's concept of homogeny explain the creation of stereotypes? stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359827 Homogeny - everything being the same or the same kind

People are reduced to their most exaggerated traits e.g
Old people in media are often portrayed as either senile old people or kind and gentle
These turn into stereotypes as people see the same characters with similar traits a lot and may start to associate them with those types of people in reality.
]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:06 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359827 What does Dyer mean by negotiated identities? stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359933 Negotiated identities are the identities that we expect people to assume. It is the way people envision themselves and others.

It is where the creators of the media text and the audience come to an agreement that certain traits of someone are inherent characteristics, reinforcing stereotypes.]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:17 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204359933 stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360023 stereotypes can be used to help quickly create a character that the audience can relate to or understand but negative stereotypes should be avoided as they create negative connotations of people]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:26 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360023 Stereotyping - theoretical perspective megankennie13 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360055 Dyer suggested that stereotypes are always about power - those with power there-types those with less power. He argued there were more recognisable stereotypes of gay men, non-white racial groups, the working class and women in society, and alternative it was perhaps not so easy to point to media stereotypes of white, middle class, heterosexual men.

Dyer wrote about gay stereotypes nearly 30 years ago and there is much debate about the extent in which the representation of tis group has changed since then.

Stereotyping can be seen to exaggerate difference and in doing so may increase antagonisms between groups. A problem with the media's use of stereotypes is its selectivity, as it conveys values and assumptions that may help construct the audience's perception of the world and consequently their behaviour.

The media does not invent stereotypes, but by repeatedly using them, media can be accused of reinforcing certain values and assumptions.]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:29 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360055 Are all representations negative? (give examples) stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360067 Not all representations are negative but some are.

For example: Young black people are frequently stereotyped as being gangsters/criminals. This is a negative and harmful representation of this demographic of people.

However, some representations can be positive. For example, old people are sometimes shown as being gentle and caring because of their age. This is a positive stereotype that does not harm the demographic.
]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:31 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360067 Hegemony megankennie13 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360097 The second aspect of his theory is the idea of hegemony and that audiences relate to their stars because they have a feature they share or admire with the star. For example, with Miley Cyrus fans, the audience may appreciate that she doesn't seem to care about what people think and presents herself as a strong-willed and carefree individual who just wants to have fun but may also admire her beauty and confidence to wear unconventional clothing. Some may view her as sexy and admire her image, wanting to be like her.

Stars represent cultural values and attitudes, and premote a certain ideology. Audience interest in these values enhances their 'star quality', and it is through conveying beliefs, ideas and opinions outside music that performers help create their star character to their fans. A star may start a fashion trend, with masses of fans copying their hairstyle and clothing.

For example Miley Cyrus' twerking, clothing and trademark to stick out her tongue has been copied by her fans.]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:34 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360097 How do stereotypes enforce hierarchy? stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360157 Stereotypes enforce hierarchy because they show some people as better than others. For example, white males are often portrayed as the heroes in stories, and are typically treated the best out of most characters in the media. However, characters such as white females are typically presented as lesser than males, as they often need to be protected from harm or saved instead of being strong and brave. This enforces hierarchy because it shows the audience that certain people are better than others.]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:36 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360157 Representation of genre megankennie13 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360209 Teen films (also called teen movie or tenpin) is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers, such as coming of age, the first love, rebellion, conflict with parents, teen angst and alienation.

Particularly in American films, often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivilased way.

Films in this genre are often set in high school, or contain characters that are of high school age.

Sexual themes are also common, as are nudity and crude forms of humour.

There are also:

  • Teen sci-fi
  • Teen horror
  • Teen drama
  • Teen comedy
  • Teen musicals.

There are a wide range of stereotypes most commonly include:

  • The jock
  • The princess
  • The geek
  • The rebel
  • The misfit/outcast
  • The average girl/boy (boy/girt next door)
  • The new girl/boy.
]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:40 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360209 How might heirarchy apply to the representation of gender? stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360227 This applies to the representation in gender in real life because women may feel like they are just objects to men as they are portrayed as something to be saved or helped, and not as an actual person with real strengths and abilities. Men may also see women as weaker than themselves, which is not true.]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:42 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360227 How are identities constructed, communicated and negotiated? stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360327 Identities are constructed from the traits that people see the most in types of people e.g a lot of old people tend to have worse senses overall due to their age. As people who create media see this, when they create characters they are more likely to use these to convey a character quickly to the audience.]]> 2017-11-07 14:31:52 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360327 How are people able to challenge and evolving stereotypes? stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360499 People can challenge stereotypes by subverting the tropes we find typical of certain groups in the media. For example, casting a young black male as the protagonist instead of someone who is given negative connotations would help fight stereotyping because it would show the audience that a group of people is diverse and that not all people are the same based on the colour of their skin, gender or age. We as an audience can also challenge stereotypes by pointing out negative stereotypes and not assuming that all people are like that.

]]> 2017-11-07 14:32:11 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360499 Dyer's star theory and stereotyping stephen_mussett https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360579 the way star's dress and act can have an impact on stereotyping

for example - 50 cent dresses in clothing typically associated with rap music - anyone who dresses like him may be associated with the same due to this

stars enforce stereotypes by making these things trends - people then follow them making them stereotypical e.g Kim Kardashian and pouting lips in selfies - a form of emulation]]> 2017-11-07 14:32:18 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204360579 GREAT WORK GUYS :) charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204362181 yay
gu awai]]> 2017-11-07 14:34:36 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204362181 MISS REPRESENTATION POWERPOINT LoneWanderer2277 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204364132 2017-11-07 14:37:45 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204364132 YOU CAN NOW megankennie13 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204365669 2017-11-07 14:39:56 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204365669 Who Else Feels Ill? LoneWanderer2277 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204365932 Edit: Totally Jake.

SOSIG]]> 2017-11-07 14:40:20 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204365932 jakewilliam222 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204366713 "clay ppl r shown as bad ppl in some films" - rICHARD dYER 1987

]]> 2017-11-07 14:41:25 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204366713 horrorchels19 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204368268 I think Hans Gruber is a great example of stereotypes. This is showing that germans are portrayed in a bad way. 

People now think that germans are going to come to a company and shoot the people that are in it. ]]> 2017-11-07 14:43:46 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204368268 charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204368611 2017-11-07 14:44:17 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204368611 masonbartle https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204368616 2017-11-07 14:44:18 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204368616 charlotte_perkins_cperkins https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204369563 2017-11-07 14:45:45 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204369563 jakewilliam222 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204369644 2017-11-07 14:45:52 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204369644 megankennie13 https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204374878 2017-11-07 14:53:31 UTC https://padlet.com/megankennie13/8rd5p8qo937b/wish/204374878