https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas en-us 2021-02-15 14:40:15 UTC 2025-11-08 04:07:03 UTC hello@padlet.com tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1203864560 - "It is a mental activity in its cognitive aspect or mental activity with regard to psychological aspect" - Ross.
- "Thinking is an implicit problem solving behaviour"- Mohsin.

NATURE OF THINKING
- It is essentially a cognitive activity.
- It is always directed to achieve any end purpose and goal.
- It is described as a problem-solving behaviour.
- In thinking there is mental exploration instead of motor exploration.
- It is a symbolic activity. There is a mental solution of the problem which is carried out through some signs, symbols, and mental images.
- Thinking can shift very rapidly, covering an expanse of time and space almost instantaneously.]]> 2021-02-15 14:41:54 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1203864560 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1203880798 - IMAGES
- VISUAL IMAGE
- CONCEPTS
- SYMBOLS & SIGNS
- LANGUAGES]]> 2021-02-15 14:47:24 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1203880798 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1203904145 - CONVERGENT THINKING; 
- DIVERGENT THINKING
- GOAL ORIENTED THINKING
- AIMLESS THINKING]]> 2021-02-15 14:55:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1203904145 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1205491567 It is the ability to consider something in a new way. It might be a new approach to a problem, a resolution to a conflict between employees, or a new result from a data set. This type of thinking is basically aimed at creating something new. It is not bound by any pre-established rules.

STAGES IN CREATIVE THINKING 
1- PREPARATION
2- INCUBATION
3- ILLUMINATION
4- EVALUATION/VERIFICATION ]]> 2021-02-16 04:48:24 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1205491567 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1205512590 1- Enrich knowledge and experience.
2- Encourage Independence
3- Positive mood & motivation
4- Intelligence & wisdom
5- Curiosity]]> 2021-02-16 05:01:00 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1205512590 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1205518033 It is a process or action to think in a logical, sensible way. 

• Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, applying logic, establishing and verifying facts, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information.
• We use reason to form inferences —conclusions drawn from propositions or assumptions that are supposed to be true.

]]> 2021-02-16 05:04:11 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1205518033 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1207345409 1- INDUCTIVE REASONING - It is a specific-to-general form of reasoning that tries to make generalizations based on specific instances. Inductive reasoning makes broad generalizations from specific observations. Basically, there is data, then conclusions are drawn from the data. Induction allows you to conclude that something is likely to be true. 

2-DEDUCTIVE REASONNING- Deduction is a general-to-specific form of reasoning that goes from known truths to specific instances. It is a basic form of valid reasoning. Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts out with a general statement, or hypothesis, and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion. In deductive inference, we hold a theory and based on it we make a prediction of its consequences.

]]> 2021-02-16 15:25:24 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1207345409 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1207397238 1- Encourage flexibility and activeness.
2- Encouraging   environment   for   development   of   reasoning   ability and providing an  opportunity to think freely.
3- Reading books and journal expand and explore thoughts and improve sophisticated thinking as well as more creativity. This can lead to higher reasoning skills. 
4- Independent thinking and developing new and unique ideas  should be encouraged.
5- Discussions about a variety of topics, issues, and current events should be undertaken.
6- Goal setting, sharing of ideas and thoughts should be promoted.]]> 2021-02-16 15:36:31 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1207397238 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1207470767 Efforts to develop or choose among various responses in order to attain desired goals. is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.
 
DECISION MAKING
It is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions. DM is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action, it could be either rational or irrational. Decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker.]]> 2021-02-16 15:52:19 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1207470767 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1207561469 1- Optimum Expected Utility
2- Means-end-analysis
3- Analogy]]> 2021-02-16 16:11:38 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1207561469 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1218951821 1- Problem Awareness - Awareness of the difficulty or problem that needs a solution.
2- Problem Understanding - The difficulty or problem felt by the individual should be properly identified by a careful analysis.
3- Collection of relevant information - Individual is required to collect all the relevant information about the problem through all possible sources.
4- Formulation of hypotheses or hunch for possible solutions - In this step one may engage in some serious cognitive activities to think of the various possibilities for the solution of one's problem.
5- Selection of a proper solution - All the possible solutions, thought of in the previous step, are closely analysed and evaluated.
6- Verification of the concluded solution or hypothesis - The solution arrived at or conclusion drawn must be further verified by utilising it in the solution of the various likewise problems.]]> 2021-02-19 14:25:07 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1218951821 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1226519154 Concepts are important language symbols used in thinking. A concept is a symbolic construction that represents some common and general feature of many objects or events. A mental grouping of similar things, events, and people that is used to remember and understand what things are, what they mean, and what categories or groups they belong to.

IMPORTANCE ;
1- Concept formation helps us in organizing our knowledge so that whenever we access our knowledge we can do it in less time.
2- Concepts are building blocks of thinking. They allow us to organize knowledge in a systematic way.]]> 2021-02-22 14:10:17 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1226519154 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1248378644 1- SIMPLE
2- COMPLEX
3- NATURAL
4- COMPLEX]]> 2021-02-27 16:43:45 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1248378644 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1248380964 2021-02-27 16:45:20 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1248380964 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1248385770 RULES/STRATEGIES
1- Alogrithms - These are rules for a particular kind of a problem that will yield correct result if followed in a step by step pattern. An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure that will always produce the correct solution. A mathematical formula is a good example of a problem-solving algorithm.

2- Heuristics - Mental rules of thumb that permit us to make decisions and judgements in a rapid and effective manner. They are extracted from past experiences and serve as simple guidelines for making reasonably good choices quickly and effectively.  Heuristics do not always guarantee a correct solution.]]> 2021-02-27 16:48:39 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/8qro8ozz9v9zwxas/wish/1248385770