Asia, Africa, and Europe

• Islam is the second-largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. As one of the three Abrahamic religions the others being Judaism and Christianity it too is a monotheistic faith that worships one god, called Allah.

https://www.history.com/topics/religion/islam

Islam, Spain, Portugal

• Spain gained its Catholic unity, but at a high price. More than 150,000 Muslims and Jews left Spain, and many of them were skilled, capable, and educated people who made significant contributions to the Spanish economy and culture. Of course, all of this would never have happened without the Reconquista.

Reconquista: How the Christian Kingdoms Took Spain from ...

TheCollector

https://www.thecollector.com › reconquista-christian-rec...

France, Denmark, and Sweden

• The movement helped both to militarize the medieval western Church and to sustain criticism of that militarization. It arguably helped solidify the pope's control over the Church and made certain financial innovations central to Church operations. And it both reflected and influenced devotional trends. The capture of Jerusalem and the formation of various Crusader states

https://www.history.com/

Spain and Europe

• Spain gained its Catholic unity, but at a high price. More than 150,000 Muslims and Jews left Spain, and many of them were skilled, capable, and educated people who made significant contributions to the Spanish economy and culture. Of course, all of this would never have happened without the Reconquista.

https://www.history.com/

Israel and Palestine, Jordan and southern Iraq

• The agreement led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into various French- and British-administered areas. Negotiations were begun in November 1916, and the final agreement took its name from the chief negotiators from Britain and France, Sir Mark Sykes and François Georges-Picot.

Sykes-Picot Agreement | Map, History, & Facts | Britannica

Germany and France

• The Treaty of Versailles is one of the most controversial armistice treaties in history. The treaty's so-called “war guilt” clause forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I. This meant a loss of territories, reduction in military forces, and reparation payments to Allied powers.

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/treaty-versailles-ends-wwi/

Germany and Europe

• The year 1932 had seen Hitler’s meteoric rise to prominence in Germany, spurred largely by the German people’s frustration with dismal economic conditions and the still-festering wounds inflicted by defeat in the Great War and the harsh peace terms of the Versailles treaty. A charismatic speaker, Hitler channeled popular discontent with the post-war Weimar government into support for his fledgling Nazi party. In an election held in July 1932, the Nazis won 230 governmental seats; together with the Communists, the next largest party, they made up over half of the Reichstag.

www.history.com

Germany and Europe

• The Holocaust was the state-sponsored persecution and mass murder of millions of European Jews, Romani people, the intellectually disabled, political dissidents and homosexuals by the German Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945. The word “holocaust,” from the Greek words “holos” (whole) and “kaustos” (burned), was historically used to describe a sacrificial offering burned on an altar.

• After years of Nazi rule in Germany, dictator Adolf Hitler’s “Final Solution”—now known as the Holocaust—came to fruition during World War II, with mass killing centers in concentration camps. About six million Jews and some five million others, targeted for racial, political, ideological and behavioral reasons, died in the Holocaust—more than one million of those who perished were children.

https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/the-holocaust

Normandy

• Despite their success, some 4,000 Allied troops were killed by German soldiers defending the beaches. At the time, the D-Day invasion was the largest naval, air and land operation in history, and within a few days about 326,000 troops, more than 50,000 vehicles and some 100,000 tons of equipment had landed. By August 1944, all of northern France had been liberated, and in spring of 1945 the Allies had defeated the Germans. Historians often refer to D-Day as the beginning of the end of World War II.

https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/d-day

Egypt, Iraq and Syria

• The Jews were to possess more than half of Palestine, although they made up less than half of Palestine’s population. The Palestinian Arabs, aided by volunteers from other countries, fought the Zionist forces, but by May 14, 1948, the Jews had secured full control of their U.N.-allocated share of Palestine and also some Arab territory. On May 14, Britain withdrew with the expiration of its mandate, and the State of Israel was proclaimed. The next day, forces from Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/state-of-israel-proclaimed

South Africa

• The formal end of the apartheid government in South Africa was hard-won. It took decades of activism from both inside and outside the country, as well as international economic pressure, to end the regime that allowed the country’s white minority to subjugate its Black majority. This work culminated in the dismantling of apartheid between 1990 and 1994. On April 27, 1994, the country elected Nelson Mandela, an activist who had spent 27 years in prison for his opposition to apartheid, in its first free presidential election.

• This Day in History: 11/06/1962 - U.N. Condemns Apartheid

https://www.history.com/news/end-apartheid-steps

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• The Bosnian War resulted in the death of around 100,000 people, and the displacement of over two million men, women and children. A campaign of war crimes, 'ethnic cleansing' and genocide was perpetrated by Bosnian Serb troops under the orders of Slobodan Milošević.

• A referendum on independence was held during February 29 – March 1, 1992, although Karadžić’s party obstructed voting in most Serb-populated areas and almost no Bosnian Serbs voted. Of the nearly two-thirds of the electorate that did cast a vote, almost all voted for independence, which President Izetbegović officially proclaimed on March 3, 1992.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Bosnian-War

Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in what is now southern Iraq and The Middle East

• The Neolithic Revolution was the critical transition that resulted in the birth of agriculture, taking Homo sapiens from scattered groups of hunter-gatherers to farming villages and from there to technologically sophisticated societies with great temples and towers.

  
  

• https://www2.nau.edu/~gaud/bio301/content/neolth.htm#:~:text=The%20Neolithic%20Revolution%20was%20the,directed%20the%20labor%20of%20their

It Impacted China first the the entire World

• The invention of gunpowder was and is a significant event in human history as it has shaped the styles of warfare at the time while resulting in massive political and cultural change in Europe and beyond such as the eventual collapse of feudalism and the Siege of Constantinople.

• The long-term consequence of the gunpowder revolution was to increase both the incentive and the capacity for commanders to deploy larger forces on the battlefield.

http://www.highburygrove.cola.org.uk/filedownload/0ED55BF6-BEED-13C7-7E498D90322F0F65.pdf/yusuf-epc.pdf#:~:text=The%20invention%20of%20gunpowder%20was,and%20the%20Siege%20of%20Constantinople.

America/13 Colonies, Bahamas, Europe

• Columbus thereby initiated an era of exploration, subjugation, and colonization that lasted for centuries. The explorer has been accused by many historians of initiating the genocide of Hispaniola's indigenous Arawak population, and he is also considered by some to be the originator of the transatlantic slave trade.

https://www.haiti.org/columbus-525-an-exploration-of-christopher-columbuss-impact-on-the-atlantic-world/#:~:text=Columbus%20thereby%20initiated%20an%20era,of%20the%20transatlantic%20slave%20trade.

Europe and North America

• The Industrial Revolution changed how people worked, the technologies available to them, and in turn where they lived. It made life comfortable for many though living conditions for workers remained abhorrent, which eventually fueled the rise of labor unions that led to improved working conditions and fair wages.

https://www.investopedia.com › terms › industrial-r

U.S. and Everywhere around The World

• Plastics help us protect the environment by reducing waste, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and saving energy at home, at work, and on the road.

• Every day, the equivalent of 2,000 garbage trucks full of plastic are dumped into the world's oceans, rivers, and lakes. Plastic pollution is a global problem. Every year 19-23 million tonnes of plastic waste leaks into aquatic ecosystems, polluting lakes, rivers and seas.

https://www.unep.org/plastic-pollution#:~:text=Every%20day%2C%20the%20equivalent%20of,polluting%20lakes%2C%20rivers%20and%20seas.

Asia, Latin America, and Africa

• The revolution facilitated the creation of high-yielding crop varieties to solve the food problem. The initiative sparked significant improvements in rice and wheat production. Farmers could further raise their yields by using biochemicals and synthetic fertilizers.After the green revolution, the production of cereal crops tripled with only a 30% increase in the land area cultivated. This came true all over the world, with a few exceptions. In addition, there were significant impacts on poverty reduction and lower food prices.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7611098/#:~:text=After%20the%20green%20revolution%2C%20the,reduction%20and%20lower%20food%20prices.

Effected the world and even made history

• The moon landing taught us about the composition of the moon. It gave us the first perspective of the Earth from Space. Overall, there are many technologies that we now use in our daily lives that we would not have if scientists did not continue to explore space.

• Armstrong changed the course of history as the commander of the Apollo 11 mission, landing humanity on another celestial body for the very first time and fulfilling President John F. Kennedy's goal of landing humans on the Moon by the end of the decade and returning them safely to Earth.

https://laurelsprings.com/blogs/moon-landing-history

Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan

• Since its start in 2011, the Syrian Civil War has created the largest refugee population in the world, constituting over a third of the global refugee population. The conflict in Syria has caused immense suffering for the Syrian people, with hundreds of thousands dead and millions displaced, both within the war-torn country and as refugees since the fighting started in 2011

https://www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-stories/syrian-refugee-crisis-facts#:~:text=The%20conflict%20in%20Syria%20has,the%20fighting%20started%20in%202011.

Southern Greece and Thermopylae

• The battle itself had shown that even when heavily outnumbered, the Greeks could put up an effective fight against the Persians, and the defeat at Thermopylae had turned Leonidas and the men under his command into martyrs. That boosted the morale of all Greek soldiers in the second Persian invasion.

• The Persian victory at Thermopylae allowed for Xerxes' passage into southern Greece, which expanded the Persian empire even more.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Thermopylae-Greek-history-480-BC

Renaissance Europe

• The printing press revolutionized society by standardizing language, spreading ideas, increasing literacy, and growing the printing industry. The printing press was first developed in Europe by Johannes Gutenberg. It improved upon moveable type printing that had become available in Europe in the 15th century.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-printing-press-impact-on-the-english-language.html#:~:text=The%20printing%20press%20revolutionized%20society,Europe%20in%20the%2015th%20century.

Germany and France

• A more professional and effective army emerged from the battle. And the tactics developed there, including the use of tanks and creeping barrages, laid some of the foundations of the Allies' successes in 1918.

• Although the British Army suffered heavy casualties for relatively little territorial gain on the Somme, the battle has increasingly been seen as important in providing experience that later contributed to victory on the Western Front.

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-the-somme#:~:text=The%20British%20Army%20gained%20valuable%20experience&text=Although%20the%20British%20Army%20suffered,victory%20on%20the%20Western%20Front.

Japan (Nagasaki)

• After the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, workers on Tinian island labored intensely to put the finishing touches on the Fat Man bomb and prepare it for use. This was a plutonium implosion device of far greater complexity than the Little Boy bomb used at Hiroshima, which used uranium-235 in a fairly conventional explosive mechanism. The scientists and ordnance experts at Los Alamos had agonized for years over how to use plutonium in an atomic weapon, and Fat Man was the result.

• Still, the impact was devastating, particularly because people had heard the all-clear after an earlier aircraft raid warning, and had left their shelters. Everything within a mile of ground zero was annihilated. Fourteen thousand homes burst into flames. People close to the blast were vaporized; those unlucky enough to be just outside that radius received horrific burns and, there and further out, radiation poisoning that would eventually kill them. Although estimates vary, perhaps 40,000 people were killed by the initial detonation. By the beginning of 1946, 30,000 more people were dead. And within the next five years, well over 100,000 deaths were directly attributable to the bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

  https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/bombing-nagasaki-august-9-1945

The World

The overall purpose of the World Trade Organization is to help its members use trade as a means to raise living standards, create jobs and improve people's lives. The World Trade Organization operates the global system of trade rules and helps developing economies build their trade capacity. Global rules of trade provide assurance and stability.

www.wto.org

Facebook impacted the whole world

• Facebook is a way to find and connect with friends and remain updated on their activities. Creating communities. Facebook is used to create and organize communities of interest on just about any topic. It's a platform that can enable like-minded individuals to come together, share ideas, discuss and organize.

• It impacted 4.5m jobs globally in 2014. Facebook enables global economic activity by helping to unlock new opportunities through connecting people and businesses, lowering barriers to marketing, and stimulating innovation.

https://www2.deloitte.com/tr/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/the-global-economic-impact-of-facebook.html

United States (California was Most affected)

• There has also been a slew of litigation, most recently, Facebook settled a lawsuit on the matter for $725 million. The Cambridge Analytica controversy profoundly impacted the world of data privacy, political campaign and social media.