Not a Pig You Thought - Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) by https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing But a rodent from Andes, South America en-us 2022-04-03 17:21:36 UTC 2025-10-02 21:29:27 UTC hello@padlet.com https://ak4.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/1026993974/thumb/1.jpg Hartley (Crl:HA) u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129330906 2022-04-04 19:17:19 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129330906 Taxonomy of Guinea Pig u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129340096
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Chordata
  •             Subphylum: Vertebrata
  •                 Class: Mammalia
  •                     Order: Rodentia
  •                         Suborder: Hystricomorpha
  •                             Family: Caviidae
  •                                 Genus: Cavia
  •                                    Species: Cavia porcellus
(Higman, 2019) 
]]> 2022-04-04 19:23:24 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129340096 Adult Female Guinea Pig u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129346629 External anatomy of the adult female guinea pig. Note the vaginal closure membrane. (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-04 19:27:55 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129346629 Adult Male Guinea Pig u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129347820 External anatomy of the adult male guinea pig.
Males are generally larger than females
(Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-04 19:28:45 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129347820 Breeds (Stock & Strains) u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129354909 There were 5 types of stock or strain that are often used in research:
Outbred stocks (:)
1) American or English guinea pig
2) Duncan-Hartley
3) Hartley
Inbred strains (/)
4) Strain 2
5) Strain 13
(Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-04 19:33:43 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129354909 Sublines of American Guinea Pig u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129357060 Duncan-Hartley and Hartley are the short-haired albino animals with several coat colours.
(Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-04 19:35:11 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129357060 Origin u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129361108 Originally from South America, particularly the Andes, the modern guinea pig is a descendant of Cavia cutleri.  (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-04 19:38:01 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129361108 History of Name u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129371735 The name may be related to the price (one guinea) of the animal in the English markets.
Carcasses in the South American marketplace resembled small suckling pigs, but it is more likely that
the vocalizations of the animals sounded like the squeals of pigs.
The names may come from different languages:
In Portuguese, for example, they are called 'Porchitas da India' ('little pigs from India'), and in Latin they are called C. porcellus (Latin for 'small pig').                          (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-04 19:44:36 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129371735 BASIC BIOLOGIC PARAMETERS OF THE GUINEA PIG u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129374979 (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-04 19:46:42 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129374979 Guinea Pig u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129384825 American guinea pig: Smooth-coated, shorthaired breed (outbred stock in lab) that’s one of the most popular, and one of the oldest recognized by the American Cavy Breeders Association. (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-04 19:53:31 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2129384825 Major Uses in Biomedical Science Research u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156262977 Guinea pigs are mainly used in:
  • Auditory/Hearing
  • Allergies and respiratory diseases
  • Nutritional research
  • Safety testing

(Understanding Animal Research, n.d.) 
]]> 2022-04-25 10:07:48 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156262977 Physiological Hearing Range u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156279379
  • Normal hearing range: Guinea pig (150 to 50 000 Hz), Human (20–20 000 Hz)
  • Best hearing range: Guinea pig (8000 to 16 000 Hz), Human (1000 to 4000 Hz)
    • (Bielefeld et al., 2019) 
    ]]>     2022-04-25 10:23:49 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156279379     Auditory (Hearing) Research u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156704804 Guinea pigs are highly utilized in studies of:
    - pathological auditory system
    - after damage due to noise exposure
    - ototoxic drug treatment
    (Naert et al.,2019) 
    • Antioxidants as otoprotectants against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)
    • Astragaloside IV is a type of traditional Chinese herb which possesses antioxidant properties, has been tested in guinea pigs as an otoprotectant against impulse noise.
    • Guinea pigs were exposed to the noise of 15 shots from a 7.62 mm Chinese Army 81–1 assault rifle at a distance of 35 cm, creating an exposure level of 176 dB pSPL.
    • The guinea pigs treated with astragaloside IV (200 mg/kg/day for three days by intragastric administration) showed lower threshold shifts of 10–15 dB compared to control animals treated with saline.
    • It is proven that antioxidants is capable of improving recovery from impulse noise exposure.
    (Bielefeld et al., 2019) 
    ]]>     2022-04-25 14:51:32 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156704804     Pharmaceutical otoprotection strategies to prevent impulse noise-induced hearing loss u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156718127 2022-04-25 14:57:48 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156718127 Allergies & Respiratory Disease Research u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156928747 Guinea pigs have been used in asthma research for decades due to the anatomical and physiological similarities between human and guinea pig airways. 
    (Adner et al., 2020)
    • Asthma is a airway or respiratory disease characterized by chronic inflammation associated with bronchial and smooth muscle hyperreactivity. 
    • Different rodent models for asthma study fails to reproduce bronchial and smooth muscle hyperreactivity due to a scarcity of smooth muscle and large airways.
    • Guinea pig is then used as the model of chronic allergic lung inflammation mimicking airway smooth muscle hyperreactivity observed in asthmatics (Asth).
    • Guinea pigs were randomly divided into a control group (Ctrl), which received saline (0.9% NaCl), and the Asth group, subjected to in vivo sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) nebulization.
    • Findings: 
    - Lung inflammation increased the contractility of guinea pig trachea
    - Lung inflammation also reduced the relaxant reactivity of the trachea due to the mechanisms of ROS generation and TGF-β release.
    - Allergic inflammation decreased antioxidant capacity of lungs without affecting the plasma, indicating local pulmonary damage rather than systemic damage.
    - Guinea pig model has the edge against other rodent models as it characterized by smooth muscle hypercontractility due to ROS and growth factor release, as well as activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K).
    (Vasconcelos et al., 2019)
    ]]>     2022-04-25 16:41:57 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156928747     A Guinea Pig Model of Airway Smooth Muscle Hyperreactivity Induced by Chronic Allergic Lung Inflammation: Contribution of Epithelium and Oxidative Stress u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156942253 2022-04-25 16:49:37 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2156942253 Vaccine Research (Q fever) u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157022699 Q fever is a zoonotic disease due to the exposure to the  causative agent Coxiella burnetii. The current four Q fever vaccines contain significant adverse effects and thus an alternative vaccine is required to be developed to avoid such hypersensitivity reactions in individuals previously exposed to C. burnetii.
    * Reactogenicity: describe the expected adverse vs unexpected (local and systemic) reactions noted during clinical trials of drugs, vaccines, and other pharmaceuticals
    • Animals were chemically restrained (ketamine 40 mg/kg and xylazine 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) and inoculated with the vaccine Coxevac (Cb9M) by intranasal (i.n.) or i.p. administration with a target dose of 106 ge in a 100 μL volume of saline. 
    • Guinea pigs under control group received saline (100 μL) either i.p or i.n. 
    • Blood samples were collected from chemically restrained animals by venipuncture at days 0, 21, and 42 and at termination (day 28, 42, 49 or 63) for serum collection and evaluation of serological status.
    • Findings:
    - Reactogenicity is not strain dependent as skin reactions to Coxevac (Cb9M).
    - Skin lesions observed in guinea pigs indicate that Coxevac gives comparable reactions to those reported for Q-Vax, the vaccine currently available for use in humans.
    - When testing novel vaccine candidates, assessment at day 7 p.c. should allow detection of acute reactions prior to resolution of milder reactions, whereas examination at longer post-challenge time points can identify sustained and progressive reactions.
    - Characterization of any observed reactogenic effects in the guinea pig model can inform preclinical and clinical vaccine development decisions.
    (Baeten, 2018) 
    ]]>     2022-04-25 17:31:25 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157022699     Standardized guinea pig model for Q fever vaccine reactogenicity u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157065840 2022-04-25 17:52:46 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157065840 Early History of Studies u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157111697
  • In 1907 - Vitamin C was discovered using guinea pigs as guinea pigs just like humans, require Vitamin C in its diet.
  • In 1882 - The bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing tuberculosis (TB) was discovered by Robert Koch, a German scientist.
  • In 1919 - Acquired immunity was discovered based on the immune reactions of guinea pigs in response to inoculation with blood from people with yellow fever.
    • (Understanding Animal Research, n.d.)
    ]]>     2022-04-25 18:17:13 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157111697     PHYSIOLOGICAL (CARDIOVASCULAR & RESPIRATORY) PARAMETERS OF THE GUINEA PIG u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157187263 (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-25 19:01:51 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157187263 Morphology/External Anatomy u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157212076
  • Short, squat animal with a blunt head and short neck.
  • Body is square with a rounded, tailless rump.
  • Mouth is triangular with a split upper lip.
  • External ears are large, oval, and sparsely haired.
  • Adult guinea pigs have 20 teeth.
  • Both sexes have a single pair of abdominal mammae.
    • (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) 
    ]]>     2022-04-25 19:18:53 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157212076     References u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157225730 FULL references]]> 2022-04-25 19:28:10 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2157225730 Behaviour u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2158185125
  • Individual: guinea pigs are active 20 or more hours per day with short period of sleep. (for singly housed)
  • No distinct circadian pattern but avoid intense light.
  • Aggression: In response to potential threats, attend postures can be observed with a frozen position with the front legs extended and eyes and ears forward.
  • Communication within the species: Guinea pig vocalizations
  • Social: Primary physical contact between adult guinea pigs is huddling; little or no grooming among individuals except at mating or at mothers rearing young.
    • (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) 
    ]]>     2022-04-26 09:15:22 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2158185125     REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION PARAMETERS u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2158203919 (Clemons & Seeman, 2016) ]]> 2022-04-26 09:31:11 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2158203919 Duncan-Hartley (HslDhl:DH) u2004180 https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2158208710 2022-04-26 09:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/u2004180/liewwinsing/wish/2158208710