a) The character we are meeting

b) What is happening

c) The place being described

Do the scenes remind you of someone you know, or something you have experienced before?

Observe: Nick is said to be unlike others

Notice: How he is different is not told.

Wonder:

• Why does he deserve a list of his own?

• What sort of list could it be?

• What does it say about him?

Observe: Everyone in school knows him, and knows something about him.

Notice: Readers are not told what it is that makes Nick so special.

Wonder:

• Why do they seem to all agree on what Nick is like?

• What does it suggest about Nick and the community?

• Are there things in my school community that everyone can agree on?

Observe:

Notice:

Wonder:

Observe:

Notice:

Wonder: 

Observe:

Notice: 

Wonder:

Observe:

Notice:

Wonder: 

Evidence/ Notice: I read in the story that ....

Explanation: This tells me that ....

Wonder: I wonder if ....

I read in the story that everyone was sure that Mrs granger had X-Ray vision.

This tells me that I should not chew a piece of gum within fifty feet of her.

________________________________________________________________.

Notice: I notice Miss granger Is very strict with her self and her student as She is a teacher

Wonder: I wonder why Miss granger is so strict Because if you are chewing gum, she will make you spit it out And put it on a yellow card she will make you Wear it On the front of the uniform, and when you go home, your parents have to sign it

Explanation: This story tells me different story’s

Notice: I notice nick is very creative because he turned his whole class in to a beach!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Wonder:where he gets all his ideas

I observe The characters are so far, Nick MissGranger Janet, along with the teacher I forgot her name was happy with Nick when he turned her office into a beach

(i) their thoughts, feelings, behaviours and, (ii) the reasons behind their responses to events and other characters.

1. Nick

2. Mrs Granger

3. Nic's mother

4. Nic's father

Focus on 3 specific key events:

Event 1:

The mass detention of students in Chapter 8

Event 2:

Mrs Chatham’s visit to Nick’s home to meet his parents in Chapter 9 o

Event 3:

Judy Morgan interviewing Mrs Chatham & Mrs Granger in Chapter 10

Explain with examples in your journaling.

Nick :why did you make the word ‘’frindle’’

Mrs. Granger :why does your eyes turn bright when you hear the word ‘’frindle’’

I learnt that nick likes battles

In groups, think about which topic interests you:

1. The Value of Words

2. The Value of Innovation

1. The Value of Words

2. The Value of Innovation

You will have to do research on the chosen topic.

Choice:

A) Write a script for a 2-3 minute Podcast and record it.

OR

. words are important- it is important for your working life, and your social life

.value of sign language - can help people better understand the struggles of deafness and can help to bridge the gap between deaf and hearing communities

. how a word gets created- they are usually named after a person or a place or even a sound.They might be also borrowed from other languages, or cobbled together from two or more words

Here’s a recount about Helen Keller, who is blind and deaf: I like to read classics more than modern literature, but never got a chance to read this one. After finishing a book, i could say that this is hands down the simplest piece of literature that can be read by people of any age group. In spite of and autobiography; “ short and simple” is the theme followed by this book. This is because the author, on whose life the book is based upon records only certain significant incidents. The author tells this herself in beginning of the book. From this novel, you get to know a first- person account of a woman, who had become deaf and blind at a early age.

1. the action or process of innovating.
2. "innovation is crucial to the continuing success of any organization"
3. Similar:
4. change
5. 
   
6. alteration
7. 
   
8. revolution
9. 
   
10. upheaval
11. 
    
12. transformation
13. 
    
14. metamorphosis
15. 
    
16. reorganization
17. 
    
18. restructuring
19. 
    
20. rearrangement
21. 
    
22. recasting
23. 
    
24. remodelling
25. 
    
26. renovation
27. 
    
28. restyling
29. 
    
30. variation
31. 
    
32. new measures
33. 
    
34. new methods
35. 
    
36. new devices
37. 
    
38. novelty
39. 
    
40. newness
41. 
    
42. unconventionality
43. 
    
44. modernization
45. 
    
46. modernism
47. 
    
48. a break with tradition
49. 
    
50. a shift of emphasis
51. 
    
52. a departure
53. 
    
54. a change of direction
55. 
    
56. a shake up
57. 
    
58. a shakedown
59. 
    
60. transmogrification
    • a new method, idea, product, etc

1. You can communicate with your friends and family

2. You can call for help if you are kidnapped

3. If you are in a dangerous situation you can call the police and communicate with them

4. You can have more fun like talking and laughing by learning languages and understand them

5. If you need to tell the police about a dangerous or kidnapping etc situation you can communicate with them

6. If you don’t know the answer or need help you can tell your teacher (if student or university)

7. You can understand and read on the news paper, books and magazines

8. Talking and communicating is very important for life

9. If you learn languages/language you can buy food from the grocery store/stores

At its core, Geometry Dash tasks players with guiding a square, or other geometric shapes, through a series of levels filled with spikes, pits, and other hazards. The objective seems straightforward: jump, fly, and flip your way through each level without crashing into obstacles or falling off the platforms. However, the true essence of the game lies in its precision and timing. Every jump and every move must be executed with split-second accuracy, often synced to the beat of an electrifying soundtrack.

The game's difficulty curve is notorious, starting with relatively manageable levels that gradually ramp up in complexity. Each new level introduces unique challenges, such as moving platforms, gravity changes, and portals that transport players to different parts of the level. This dynamic gameplay keeps even seasoned players on their toes, constantly honing their skills and mastering new techniques.

What sets Geometry Dash apart from other platformers is its strong emphasis on user-generated content. The level editor allows players to design their own challenges, from straightforward layouts to mind-bending puzzles. This not only extends the game's longevity but also fosters a vibrant community of creators and players who share their creations online.

Beyond its gameplay mechanics, Geometry Dash has become a cultural phenomenon, spawning countless YouTube videos, livestreams, and even speedrunning competitions. Its iconic soundtrack, composed by artists like Waterflame and DJVI, has inspired remixes and covers that further contribute to its appeal.

In conclusion, Geometry Dash is more than just a game; it's a testament to the power of simplicity and precision in gaming. Its addictive gameplay, coupled with a thriving community and memorable soundtrack, ensures that it will continue to captivate players and inspire creators for years to come.

The first uses of modern robots were in factories as industrial robots. These industrial robots were fixed machines capable of manufacturing tasks which allowed productionwith less human work. Digitally programmedindustrial robots with artificial intelligence have been built since the 2000s

Mobile robots are also found in industry, military and security environments.^[87] They also appear as consumer products, for entertainment or to perform certain tasks like vacuum cleaning. Mobile robots are the focus of a great deal of current research and almost every major university has one or more labs that focus on mobile robot research.^[88]

Mobile robots are usually used in tightly controlled environments such as on assembly linesbecause they have difficulty responding to unexpected interference. Because of this most humans rarely encounter robots. However domestic robots for cleaning and maintenance are increasingly common in and around homes in developed countries. Robots can also be found in military applications.

The Buddhist scholar Daoxuan (596-667 AD) described humanoid automata crafted from metals that recite sacred texts in a cloister which housed a fabulous clock. The "precious metal-people" weeped when Buddha Shakyamuni died.^[3]Humanoid automations also feature in the Epic of King Gesar, a Central Asiancultural hero.^[4]

Early Chinese lore on the legendary carpenter Lu Ban and the philosopher Mozidescribed mechanical imitations of animals and demons.^[5] The implications of humanoid automatons were discussed in Liezi (4th century CE), a compilation of Daoist texts which went on to become a classic. In chapter 5 King Mu of Zhou is on tour of the West and upon asking the craftsman Master Yan Shi "What can you do?" the royal court is presented with an artificial man. The automation was indistinguishable from a human and performed various tricks for the king and his entourage. But the king flew into a rage when apparently the automation started to flirt with the ladies in attendance and threatened the automation with execution. So the craftsman cut the automation open and revealed the inner workings of the artificial man. The king is fascinated and experiments with the functional interdependence of the automation by removing different organlike components. The king marveled "is it then possible for human skill to achieve as much as the Creator?" and confiscated the automation.^[6] A similar tale can be found in the near contemporary Indian Buddhist Jataka tales, but here the intricacy of the automation does not match that of Master Yan.^[4] Prior to the introduction of Buddhism in the Common Era, Chinese philosophers did not seriously consider the distinction between appearance and reality. The Liezi rebuts Buddhist philosophies and likens human creative powers to that of the Creator.^[7]

An Elizabethan woodcut of a Brazen Head speaking: "Time is. Time was. Time is past."

The Indian Lokapannatti, a collection of cycles and lores produced in the 11th or 12th century AD,^[8]tells the story of how an army of automated soldiers (bhuta vahana yanta or "Spirit movement machines") were crafted to protect the relics of Buddha in a secret stupa. The plans for making such humanoid automatons were stolen from the kingdom of Rome, a generic term for the Greco-Roman-Byzantine culture. According to the Lokapannatti, the Yavanas ("Greek-speakers") used the automatons to carry out trade and farming, but also captured and executed criminals. Roman automation makers who left the kingdom were pursued and killed by the automatons. According to the Lokapannatti, the emperor Asokahears the story of the secret stupa and sets out to find it. Following a battle between the fierce warrior automatons, Asoka finds the long-lived engineer who had constructed the automatons and is shown how to dismantle and control them. Thus emperor Asoka manages to command a large army of automated warriors. This Indian tale reflects the fear of losing control of artificial beings, which has also been expressed in Greek myths about the dragon-teeth army.^[9]

Inspired by European Christian legend, medieval Europeans devised brazen headsthat could answer questions posed to them. Albertus Magnus was supposed to have constructed an entire android which could perform some domestic tasks, but it was destroyed by Albert's student Thomas Aquinas for disturbing his thought.^[10]The most famous legend concerned a bronze head devised by Roger Bacon which was destroyed or scrapped after he missed its moment of operation.^[10] Automata resembling humans or animals were popular in the imaginary worlds of medieval literature.^[11][12]

1. Spanish

2. English

3. Portuguese

4. Russian

5. Hindi

6. Arabic

7. Bengali

8. French

9. Mandarin

10. Japanese

11. Urdu

12. German

There is only one condition in which we can imagine managers not needing subordinates, and masters not needing slaves. This condition would be that each instrument could do its own work, at the word of command or by intelligent anticipation, like the statues of Daedalus or the tripods made by Hephaestus, of which Homer relates that "Of their own motion they entered the conclave of Gods on Olympus", as if a shuttle should weave of itself, and a plectrum should do its own harp playing.

Ismail al-Jazari's musical robots

When the Greeks controlled Egypt, a succession of engineers who could construct automata established themselves in Alexandria. Starting with the polymath Ctesibius (285-222 BC), Alexandrian engineers left behind texts detailing workable automata powered by hydraulics or steam. Ctesibius built human-like automata, often these were used in religious ceremonies and the worship of deities. One of the last great Alexandrian engineers, Hero of Alexandria (10-70 CE) constructed an automata puppet theater, where the figurines and the stage sets moved by mechanical means. He described the construction of such automata in his treatise on pneumatics.^[14] Alexandrian engineers constructed automata as reverence for humans' apparent command over nature and as tools for priests, but also started a tradition where automata were constructed for anyone who was wealthy enough and primarily for the entertainment of the rich.^[15]

The manufacturing tradition of automata continued in the Greek world well into the Middle Ages. On his visit to Constantinople in 949 ambassador Liutprand of Cremona described automata in the emperor Theophilos' palace, including

"lions, made either of bronze or wood covered with gold, which struck the ground with their tails and roared with open mouth and quivering tongue," "a tree of gilded bronze, its branches filled with birds, likewise made of bronze gilded over, and these emitted cries appropriate to their species" and "the emperor's throne" itself, which "was made in such a cunning manner that at one moment it was down on the ground, while at another it rose higher and was to be seen up in the air."^[16]

Similar automata in the throne room (singing birds, roaring and moving lions) were described by Luitprand's contemporary, the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, in his book Περὶ τῆς Βασιλείου Τάξεως.

A diagram of Su Song's book

• It's the fourth most used language in the UK. ...

• Different countries have their own versions of sign language. ...

• Sign language uses more than just hand gestures. ...

• Many deaf people have 'name signs' ...

• Sign language isn't as difficult to learn as it looks.

Innovation is the cornerstone of human progress, driving advancements across every facet of society, from technology and medicine to culture and industry. It represents the transformative process of turning ideas into practical solutions, pushing the boundaries of what is possible and shaping the future. Throughout history, innovation has been instrumental in revolutionizing how we live, work, and interact with the world around us.

At its core, innovation is about creativity and problem-solving. It arises from a relentless curiosity and the drive to improve existing methods or create entirely new ones. Whether it's the invention of the wheel millennia ago or the development of artificial intelligence in recent years, each innovation has left an indelible mark on civilization, propelling humanity forward.

One of the defining characteristics of innovation is its ability to disrupt the status quo. It challenges conventional thinking and introduces novel approaches that often lead to unforeseen benefits. Take the example of the internet, which revolutionized communication and information exchange on a global scale. What began as a modest research project has evolved into a vast network that connects billions of people worldwide, reshaping economies and societies in its wake.

Moreover, innovation is not confined to technological breakthroughs alone. It extends to social and organizational realms, where new ideas in governance, education, and business practices have the potential to create profound impact. For instance, the concept of social entrepreneurship merges innovation with a social mission, addressing pressing societal issues through innovative business models.

Innovation thrives in environments that encourage experimentation and risk-taking. Companies like Google and Apple exemplify this ethos, fostering cultures of creativity where employees are empowered to explore bold ideas and pursue unconventional solutions. These organizations understand that innovation is not just about inventing new products but also about continuously improving processes and anticipating future trends.

However, the path to innovation is not without challenges. It requires overcoming resistance to change, navigating regulatory hurdles, and securing adequate resources and support. Moreover, the fear of failure can stifle innovation if not managed properly. Yet, history shows that some of the most significant breakthroughs emerged from perseverance in the face of adversity.

Looking ahead, the role of innovation in addressing global challenges such as climate change, healthcare access, and poverty eradication is more critical than ever. Collaborative efforts between governments, businesses, and academic institutions are essential to harnessing innovation's full potential for the collective good. Initiatives like renewable energy technologies and precision medicine exemplify how innovation can lead to sustainable solutions that benefit both people and the planet.

In conclusion, innovation is not merely a buzzword but a driving force behind human progress. It fuels creativity, transforms industries, and shapes our collective future. From ancient innovations like agriculture to modern marvels such as space exploration, innovation has consistently propelled humanity forward, unlocking new possibilities and improving quality of life. As we stand on the precipice of a new era defined by rapid technological advancement, fostering a culture of innovation remains paramount to addressing the challenges and opportunities of tomorrow. By embracing creativity, collaboration, and a willingness to challenge the status quo, we can harness the power of innovation to build a brighter, more sustainable future for generations to come.

Language is a vital part of human connection. Although all species have their ways of communicating, humans are the only ones that have mastered cognitive language communication. Language allows us to share our ideas, thoughts, and feelings with others. It has the power to build societies, but also tear them down.

The segmental gears described in The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices, published by Al-Jazari shortly before his death in 1206, appeared 100 years later in the most advanced European clocks. Al-Jazari also published instructions on the construction of humanoid automata.^[27] The first water clocks modeled on Arabic designs were constructed in Europe about 1000 CE, possibly on the basis of the information that was transmitted during Muslim-Christian contact in Sicily and Spain. Among the first recorded European water clocks is that of Gerbert of Aurillac, built in 985 CE.^[28] Hero's works on automata were translated into Latin amid the 12th century Renaissance. The early 13th-century artist-engineer Villard de Honnecourt sketched plans for several automata. At the end of the 13th century, Robert II, Count of Artois, built a pleasure garden at his castle at Hesdin that incorporated a number of robots, humanoid and animal.^[29]Automated bellstrikers, called jacquemart, became popular in Europe in the 14th century alongside mechanical clocks.^[28]

Model of Leonardo's robotwith inner workings. Possibly constructed by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1495.^[30]

Among the first verifiable automation is a humanoid drawn by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) in around 1495. Leonardo's notebooks, rediscovered in the 1950s, contain detailed drawings of a mechanical knight in armor which was able to sit up, wave its arms and mov

In the 1770s the Swiss Pierre Jaquet-Droz created moving automata that looked like children, which delighted Mary Shelley, who went on to write the 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. The ultimate attempt at automation was The Turk by Wolfgang von Kempelen, a seemingly sophisticated machine that could play chess against a human opponent and toured Europe. When the machine was brought to the new world, it prompted Edgar Allan Poe to pen an essay, in which he concluded that it was impossible for mechanical devices to reason or think.^[32] However, The Mechanical Turk was later revealed to be an elaborate hoax: The machine concealed a human, who operated it from the inside.

In the 19th century the Japanese craftsman Hisashige Tanaka, known as "Japan's Edison", created an array of extremely complex mechanical toys, some of which could serve tea, fire arrows drawn from a quiver, or even paint a Japanese kanjicharacter. The landmark text Karakuri Zui (Illustrated Machinery) was published in 1796.^[35] In 1898 Nikola Tesla demonstrated his "teleautomaton", a prototype remote-controlled boat at Madison Square Garden as "an automaton which left to itself, will act as though possessed of reason and without any willful control from the outside." He defended his invention against critical reporters, arguing that it was not a "wireless torpedo", but instead, "the first of a race of robots, mechanical men which will do the laborious work of the human race."^[36]

In 1903, the Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo introduced a radio based control system called the "Telekino" at the Paris Academy of Science.^[39] It was intended as a way of testing a dirigible of his own design without risking human lives. Unlike other methods, which carried out 'on/off' actions, Torres established a system for controlling any mechanical or electrical device with different states of operation.^[40] The transmitter was capable of sending a family of different codewords by means of a binary telegraph signal, and the receiver was able to set up a different state of operation in the device being used, depending on the codeword. The Telekinocould execute 19 different commands. In 1905, Torres chose to conduct initial Telekino testing in an electrical three-wheeled land vehicle.^[41] In 1906, in the presence of an audience which included the King of Spain, Torres demonstrated the invention in the Port of Bilbao, guiding a boat from the shore with people on board, which was controlled at a distance over 2 km.^[42]

1910s

In 1912, Leonardo Torres Quevedo built the first truly autonomous machine capable of playing chess. As opposed to the human-operated The Turk and Ajeeb, El Ajedrecista (The Chessplayer) had a true integrated automation built to play chess without human guidance. It only played an endgame with three chess pieces, automatically moving a white king and a rook to checkmate the black king moved by a human opponent.^[43][44] In 1951 El Ajedrecista defeats Savielly Tartakower at the Paris Cybernetic Conference, being the first Grandmaster to be defeated by a machine.^[45] In his 1914 paper Essays on Automatics, Torres proposed a machine that makes "judgments" using sensors that capture information from the outside, parts that manipulate the outside world like arms, power sources such as batteries and air pressure, and most importantly, captured information and past information. It was defined as an organism that can control reactions in response to external information and adapt to changes in the environment to change its behavior.^{[46][47][48][49]}

Westinghouse Electric Corporation built Televox in 1926; it was a cardboard cutout connected to various devices which users could turn on and off.^[53] In 1927, Fritz Lang's Metropolis was released; the Maschinenmensch ("machine-human"), a gynoid humanoid robot, also called "Parody", "Futura", "Robotrix", or the "Maria impersonator" (played by German actress Brigitte Helm), was the first robot ever to be depicted on film.^[54]

The most famous Japanese robotic automaton was presented to the public in 1927. The Gakutensoku was supposed to have a diplomatic role. Actuated by compressed air, it could write fluidly and raise its eyelids.^[19] Many robots were constructed before the dawn of computer-controlled servomechanisms, for the public relations purposes of major firms. These were essentially machines that could perform a few stunts, like the automata of the 18th century. In 1928, one of the first humanoid robots was exhibited at the annual exhibition of the Model Engineers Society in London. Invented by W. H. Richards, the robot - named Eric - consisted of an aluminium suit of armour with eleven electromagnets and one motor powered by a 12-volt power source. The robot could move its hands and head and could be controlled by remote control or voice control.^[55]

There are about 500,000 to 2 million words in the world.

In 1939, the humanoid robot known as Elektro appeared at the World's Fair.^[57][58]Seven feet tall (2.1 m) and weighing 265 pounds (120 kg), it could walk by voice command, speak about 700 words (using a 78-rpm record player), smoke cigarettes, blow up balloons, and move its head and arms. The body consisted of a steel gear cam and motor skeleton covered by an aluminium skin.^[59]

In 1939 Konrad Zuse constructed the first programmable electromechanical computer, laying the foundation for the construction of a humanoid machine that is now deemed a robot.^[60] The practical application of binary logic to electric switches had been demonstrated by Claude Shannon, but his calculator was not programmable.^[61]

At its core, Geometry Dash is a game of geometric precision and timing. Players control a square, navigating through various obstacles and hazards with simple touch controls. The gameplay demands split-second reactions and flawless execution as each level is meticulously crafted to test agility and reflexes. The challenge lies not only in avoiding spikes, sawblades, and other dangers but also in synchronizing movements to the beat of electronic music tracks, creating a rhythmic synergy that enhances the gameplay experience.

One of the game's defining features is its level editor, which empowers players to design and share their own challenges. This community-driven aspect fosters creativity and diversity, ensuring that no two levels are alike. It also cultivates a supportive ecosystem where players can showcase their skills, exchange feedback, and collaborate on new ideas. This user-generated content has significantly contributed to the game's longevity, continuously renewing its appeal and expanding its scope.

Geometry Dash is renowned for its difficulty, with levels ranging from "Easy" to "Demon," the latter being the most challenging. Conquering these levels requires not only technical proficiency but also determination and resilience. Players often find themselves repeating sections dozens, if not hundreds, of times to master the precise movements required to progress. This relentless pursuit of perfection fosters a sense of accomplishment and personal growth, reinforcing the game's addictive allure.

Beyond its gameplay mechanics, Geometry Dash fosters a sense of community and camaraderie among its players. Online forums, social media groups, and streaming platforms buzz with discussions about strategies, level design tips, and epic gameplay moments. The game's competitive aspect is showcased in leaderboards, where players vie for top rankings and global recognition, further fueling their motivation to improve and excel.

From a broader perspective, Geometry Dash exemplifies the fusion of artistry and technology in gaming. Its sleek visual style and dynamic soundscapes create an immersive sensory experience that captivates players from the moment they start their first level. The game's simplicity belies its depth, offering layers of challenge and complexity that appeal to both casual gamers and hardcore enthusiasts alike.

In conclusion, Geometry Dash stands as a testament to the enduring appeal of skill-based gaming. Through its precise gameplay mechanics, vibrant community, and artistic design, it has carved out a niche in the gaming landscape and continues to inspire players to push their limits and explore their creativity. Whether navigating through a labyrinth of obstacles or crafting the next viral level, Geometry Dash remains a captivating journey that resonates with players worldwide.

Geometry Dash, developed by RobTop Games, is more than just a mobile game—it's a phenomenon that has captivated players worldwide since its release in 2013. Combining fast-paced gameplay, rhythmic challenges, and geometrically inspired design, Geometry Dash has carved out its niche in the gaming world, attracting millions of players eager to test their reflexes and perseverance. This essay delves into the various aspects that make Geometry Dash such a compelling experience, exploring its gameplay mechanics, community impact, and cultural significance.

Origins and Gameplay Mechanics

Geometry Dash can trace its origins to the platformer genre, where players control a square-shaped character (often referred to as "The Cube") through a series of increasingly difficult levels. The core gameplay mechanic revolves around jumping, timing, and avoiding obstacles set to electronic music beats. Each level is meticulously designed to test players' reflexes and timing precision, requiring split-second decisions to navigate through spikes, saw blades, and other hazards.

The game's simplicity in controls—typically limited to tapping the screen to jump—belies the complexity of its challenges. Levels are categorized by difficulty, ranging from "Easy" to "Demon," with the latter being the most challenging and demanding precise timing and memorization. The satisfaction of overcoming daunting obstacles and completing a level fuels players' determination to progress further, contributing to its addictive nature.

Evolution of Content and Community

One of Geometry Dash's defining features is its robust level editor, allowing players to create and share their custom levels with others. This feature not only extends the game's lifespan but also fosters a vibrant community of creators and players. The level editor provides a canvas for artistic expression, where creators can design intricate layouts, choreograph synchronized movements with music, and craft unique challenges.

The community aspect of Geometry Dash extends beyond level creation to include online forums, social media groups, and streaming platforms dedicated to sharing gameplay, discussing strategies, and showcasing achievements. This active engagement has cultivated a supportive environment where players encourage each other, collaborate on projects, and participate in contests and challenges hosted by the community.

Furthermore, Geometry Dash has evolved with updates and expansions over the years, introducing new gameplay elements, levels, and features. These updates not only refresh the gameplay experience but also demonstrate the developer's commitment to supporting and engaging with its player base. The introduction of new icons, colors, and customization options allows players to personalize their gameplay experience, fostering a sense of ownership and identity within the community.

Cultural Impact and Legacy

Geometry Dash's impact extends beyond its gameplay mechanics and community engagement—it has become a cultural phenomenon in the realm of mobile gaming. Its distinctive blend of rhythm-based challenges and geometric visuals has inspired fan art, animations, music remixes, and even merchandise. The game's soundtrack, composed by artists like Waterflame and DJVI, has garnered acclaim for its catchy melodies and energetic beats, further enhancing the gameplay experience.

Moreover, Geometry Dash has influenced subsequent games and developers, inspiring the creation of similar rhythm-based platformers and level editors. Its success has demonstrated the viability of mobile gaming as a platform for creative expression and community interaction, challenging traditional notions of what mobile games can achieve in terms of complexity and engagement.

Challenges and Controversies

Despite its widespread popularity, Geometry Dash has not been without its controversies. Issues such as copyright disputes over user-generated content, allegations of level theft, and debates over level difficulty ratings have occasionally sparked heated discussions within the community. Moreover, the game's high difficulty curve and reliance on precise timing can frustrate some players, leading to accusations of unfair design or excessive challenge.

Furthermore, the monetization model of Geometry Dash, which includes in-game purchases for icons, colors, and other customization options, has been a point of contention for some players who argue that certain items should be accessible without additional cost. Balancing player satisfaction with financial sustainability remains a delicate challenge for the developers as they continue to support and update the game.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Geometry Dash represents more than just a mobile game—it embodies a blend of rhythm, geometry, and community that has resonated deeply with players around the world. Its addictive gameplay, robust level editor, and vibrant community have fostered a lasting legacy within the gaming industry, inspiring creativity, collaboration, and perseverance among its players. As Geometry Dash continues to evolve and expand, its impact on gaming culture and the mobile gaming landscape remains undeniable, proving that a simple concept—mastering geometric obstacles to rhythmic beats—can lead to an enduring and impactful gaming experience.

Julian Bigelow at The Princeton Institute for Advanced Study (left to right: Bigelow, Herman Goldstine, J. Robert Oppenheimer, and John von Neumann)

In 1943 Arturo Rosenblueth, Norbert Wienerand Julian Bigelow adopted the human central nervous system as control paradigm for automatic weapons systems. In doing so they pioneered cybernetics (Greek for steersman) and modelled data processing on the assumption that an animal continually communicates its sensorial experience to its central nervous system as automatic and involuntary feedback, thus being able to regulate processes such as respiration, circulation and digestion.^[62] Following the Second World War, at a 1946 conference on cybernetics, Warren McCulloch gathered a team of mathematicians, computer engineers, physiologists and psychologists to work on machine operation using biological systems as starting point. Following the publication of his book in 1948, Wiener's idea that inanimate systems could simulate biological and social systems through the use of sensors led to the adaption of cybernetic theories into industrial machines. But servo controllers proved inadequate in achieving the desired level of automation.^[63]

The first electronic autonomous robots with complex behavior were created by William Grey Walter of the Burden Neurological Institute at Bristol, England in 1948 and 1949. He wanted to prove that rich connections between a small number of brain cells could give rise to very complex behaviors - essentially that the secret of how the brain worked lay in how it was wired up. His first robots, named Elmer and Elsie, were constructed between 1948 and 1949 and were often described as "tortoises" due to their shape and slow rate of movement. The three-wheeled tortoise robots were capable of phototaxis, by which they could find their way to a recharging station when they ran low on battery power.^{[citation needed]}

Walter stressed the importance of using purely analogue electronics to simulatebrain processes at a time when his contemporaries such as Alan Turing and John von Neumann were all turning towards a view of mental processes in terms of digital computation. Walter's work inspired subsequent generations of robotics researchers such as Rodney Brooks, Hans Moravec and Mark Tilden. Modern incarnations of Walter's "turtles" may be found in the form of BEAM robotics.^[64]

1. Gameplay: Players control a square (later on, other shapes) that automatically moves forward. The objective is to navigate through various levels filled with obstacles and hazards. The gameplay is synced with music, requiring precise timing and quick reflexes to avoid traps and complete each level.

2. Levels: Geometry Dash features a wide range of levels with increasing difficulty. Each level has a unique design, challenges, and music track. Players progress by completing levels, and harder levels unlock as they advance.

3. Customization: Players can customize their character with different colors and icons, allowing for personalization. Additionally, they can create and share their own levels using the level editor.

4. Community and Sharing: The game has a strong community aspect where players can share their custom levels, compete for high scores on leaderboards, and participate in challenges and contests.

5. Music: Music plays a crucial role in Geometry Dash, as gameplay mechanics are often synchronized with the beat and rhythm of the background tracks. The game features a variety of electronic music genres.

6. Versions and Updates: Geometry Dash has evolved over time with updates introducing new features, levels, and improvements based on player feedback.

Overall, Geometry Dash is known for its challenging gameplay, rhythmic synchronization, and community-driven content creation, making it a popular choice among gamers who enjoy fast-paced and skill-based challenges.

The Unimate Puma 500 and Puma 560 industrial robots in 1986

In 1951 Walter published the paper A Machine that learns, documenting how his more advanced mechanical robots acted as intelligent agent by demonstrating conditioned reflex learning.^[18]

Unimate, the first digitally operated and programmable robot, was invented by George Devol in 1954 and "represents the foundation of the modern robotics industry."^[65][66]

In Japan, robots became popular comic book characters. Robots became cultural icons and the Japanese government was spurred into funding research into robotics. Among the most iconic characters was the Astro Boy, who is taught human feelings such as love, courage and self-doubt. Culturally, robots in Japan became regarded as helpmates to their human counterparts.^[67]

The introduction of transistors into computers in the mid-1950s reduced their size and increased performance. Therefore, computing and programming could be incorporated into a range of applications, including automation.^[68] In 1959 researchers of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) demonstrated computer-assisted manufacturing.^[69]

Victor Scheinman at the MIT Museum with a PUMA robot in 2014

The Rancho Arm was developed as a robotic arm to help handicapped patients at the Rancho Los Amigos Hospital in Downey, California; this computer-controlled arm was bought by Stanford University in 1963.^[73] In 1967 the first industrial robot was put to productive use in Japan. The Versatran robot had been developed by American Machine and Foundry. A year later a hydraulic robot design by Unimation was put into production by Kawasaki Heavy Industries.^[74] Marvin Minskycreated the Tentacle Arm in 1968; the arm was computer-controlled and its 12 joints were powered by hydraulics.^[73] In 1969 Mechanical Engineering student Victor Scheinman created the Stanford Arm, recognized as the first electronic computer-controlled robotic arm because the Unimate's instructions were stored on a magnetic drum.^[73]

In the late-1960s the Vietnam War became the testing ground for automated command technology and sensor networks.^[75] In 1966 the McNamara Line was proposed with the aim of requiring virtually no ground forces. This sensor network of seismic and acoustic sensors, photoreconnaissance and sensor-triggered land mines was only partially implemented due to high cost.^[76] The first mobile robot capable of reasoning about its surroundings, Shakey, was built in 1970 by the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International). Shakey combined multiple sensor inputs, including TV cameras, laser rangefinders, and "bump sensors" to navigate.^[73]

At its core, Geometry Dash is a game of geometric shapes navigating through a series of obstacles in a rhythmic manner. Players control a square, guiding it through various levels filled with spikes, sawblades, and other hazards. The objective seems straightforward: reach the end of the level without crashing into anything. However, what sets Geometry Dash apart is its unforgiving difficulty level, which requires split-second timing and precise control to master.

One of the defining features of Geometry Dash is its music. Each level is accompanied by a unique electronic soundtrack composed by artists like DJVI, Waterflame, and F-777. The music isn't just background noise; it's an integral part of the gameplay. Every jump, every obstacle, every spike is meticulously synchronized with the beat of the music. This synchronization creates a hypnotic rhythm that draws players into a state of intense focus and concentration.

The levels themselves are meticulously designed, often resembling intricate mazes of spikes and platforms. As players progress through the game, the difficulty ramps up significantly, introducing new challenges such as moving platforms, gravity changes, and even reverse gravity sections where the entire level flips upside down. Each level requires players to memorize patterns and anticipate obstacles, turning Geometry Dash into a test of both reflexes and memory.

Beyond its gameplay mechanics, Geometry Dash has also fostered a vibrant community of players and creators. The game features a robust level editor that allows players to design their own levels, complete with custom obstacles, backgrounds, and music. These user-generated levels can be shared online, allowing players to challenge each other and showcase their creativity. Some of the most popular levels have gained millions of plays and have even been featured by the game's developer.

The community aspect of Geometry Dash extends beyond level creation. Players frequently share tips, tricks, and gameplay videos on forums, social media, and streaming platforms like Twitch and YouTube. Competitive players participate in speedrunning challenges and attempt to achieve the fastest completion times on various levels. This competitive element adds an additional layer of depth to the game, encouraging players to push their skills to the limit.

Geometry Dash's appeal lies not only in its challenging gameplay and vibrant community but also in its accessibility. The game is available on multiple platforms, including iOS, Android, and PC, making it easy for players to pick up and play wherever they are. Its intuitive controls (typically just tapping to jump) make it accessible to players of all ages and skill levels, while its progressively challenging levels ensure that even seasoned players are constantly tested.

From a psychological standpoint, Geometry Dash taps into the human desire for mastery and achievement. Each successful run through a level provides a rush of satisfaction and accomplishment, reinforcing players' determination to conquer the next challenge. However, the game also teaches resilience and perseverance, as players inevitably encounter setbacks and failures along the way. Overcoming these challenges requires patience, practice, and a willingness to learn from mistakes—a valuable lesson that extends beyond the virtual world.

Critics of Geometry Dash often cite its high difficulty level and repetitive gameplay as drawbacks. Some argue that the game's reliance on trial and error can lead to frustration and discouragement, especially for less experienced players. Additionally, the intense focus required to succeed in Geometry Dash can be mentally exhausting, potentially leading to burnout if played for extended periods.

Despite these criticisms, Geometry Dash continues to thrive as a unique blend of music, rhythm, and platforming challenges. Its addictive gameplay and vibrant community have cemented its status as a modern classic in the realm of indie gaming. With regular updates, new levels, and a dedicated fan base, Geometry Dash shows no signs of slowing down anytime soon.

In conclusion, Geometry Dash is more than just a game; it's an experience that combines music, rhythm, and precision platforming into a captivating journey of skill and determination. Whether you're a seasoned player chasing high scores or a newcomer exploring the world of geometric obstacles, Geometry Dash offers something for everyone. Its addictive gameplay, synchronized music, and thriving community have made it a cultural phenomenon in the world of indie gaming—one that continues to inspire and challenge players around the globe.

The development of humanoid robots was advanced considerably by Japanese robotics scientists in the 1970s.^[77] Waseda University initiated the WABOT project in 1967, and in 1972 completed the WABOT-1, the world's first full-scale humanoid intelligent robot.^[78] Its limb control system allowed it to walk with the lower limbs, and to grip and transport objects with hands, using tactile sensors. Its vision system allowed it to measure distances and directions to objects using external receptors, artificial eyes and ears. And its conversation system allowed it to communicate with a person in Japanese, with an artificial mouth. This made it the first android.^[79][80]

Freddy and Freddy II were robots built at the University of Edinburgh School of Informatics by Pat Ambler, Robin Popplestone, Austin Tate, and Donald Mitchie, and were capable of assembling wooden blocks in a period of several hours.^[81]German based company KUKA built the world's first industrial robot with six electromechanically driven axes, known as FAMULUS.^[82]

In 1974, Michael J. Freeman created Leachim, a robot teacher who was programmed with the class curricular, as well as certain biographical information on the 40 students whom Leachim was programmed to teach.^[83] Leachim had the ability to synthesize human speech.^[84] Leachim was tested in a fourth grade classroom in the Bronx borough of New York City.^[85]

In 1974, David Silver designed The Silver Arm, which was capable of fine movements replicating human hands. Feedback was provided by touch and pressure sensors and analyzed by a computer.^[73] The SCARA, Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm, was created in 1978 as an efficient, 4-axis robotic arm. Best used for picking up parts and placing them in another location, the SCARA was introduced to assembly lines in 1981.^[86]

The Stanford Cart successfully crossed a room full of chairs in 1979. It relied primarily on stereo vision to navigate and determine distances.^[73] The Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University was founded i

Words come into the English language in many different ways. They're named after a person or a place or even a sound. They're borrowed from other languages, or cobbled together from two or more other words. You can add or remove something from an existing word and create a new one.

KUKA IR 160/60 Robots from 1983

Sensors allow collaborative robots (cobots) to interact directly with humans in a shared workspace.^[88]

Takeo Kanade created the first "direct-drive arm" in 1981. The first of its kind, the arm's motors were contained within the robot itself, eliminating long transmissions.^[89]

In 1984 Wabot-2 was revealed; capable of playing the organ, Wabot-2 had 10 fingers and two feet. Wabot-2 was able to read a score of music and accompany a person.^[90]

In 1986, Honda began its humanoid research and development program to create robots capable of interacting successfully with humans.^[91] A hexapodal robot named Genghis was revealed by MIT in 1989. Genghis was famous for being made quickly and cheaply due to construction methods; Genghis used 4 microprocessors, 22 sensors, and 12 servo motors.^[92] Rodney Brooks and Anita M. Flynn published "Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control: A Robot Invasion of The Solar System". The paper advocated creating smaller cheaper robots in greater numbers to increase production time and decrease the difficulty of launching robots into space.^[93]

Here are some notable points about the level creation community in Geometry Dash:

1. Diverse Designs: Players can create levels with diverse themes, challenges, and visual styles. From simple layouts to intricate patterns and puzzles, the creativity of level creators knows no bounds.

2. User-Generated Content: Many popular levels in Geometry Dash are actually created by players rather than the game developers. This includes levels that feature custom music tracks, unique obstacles, and innovative gameplay mechanics.

3. Sharing and Feedback: The game's platform encourages sharing of user-generated levels. Players can upload their creations to the Geometry Dash servers, where others can play and rate them. This feedback loop helps creators improve their designs and gain recognition within the community.

4. Community Events: Geometry Dash community often organizes events, contests, and challenges centered around level creation. These events can spotlight talented creators and inspire others to push the boundaries of what's possible in level design.

5. Accessibility: Despite its complexity, the level editor in Geometry Dash is designed to be accessible to players of all skill levels. This accessibility has contributed to the game's longevity and continued growth in user-generated content.

Overall, the level creation aspect of Geometry Dash adds a dynamic and evolving dimension to the game, keeping players engaged and fostering a strong sense of community among fans of the game.

The biomimetic robot RoboTuna was built by doctoral student David Barrett at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1996 to study how fish swim in water. RoboTuna is designed to swim and to resemble a bluefin tuna.^[95]

IBM's Deep Blue computerdefeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997.

Honda's P2 humanoid robot was first shown in 1996. Standing for "Prototype Model 2", P2 was an integral part of Honda's humanoid development project; over 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, P2 was smaller than its predecessors and appeared to be more human-like in its motions.^[96]

Expected to operate for only seven days, the Sojourner rover finally shuts down after 83 days of operation in 1997. This small robot (only 23 lbs or 10.5 kg) performed semi-autonomous operations on the surface of Mars as part of the Mars Pathfinder mission; equipped with an obstacle avoidance program, Sojourner was capable of planning and navigating routes to study the surface of the planet. Sojourner's ability to navigate with little data about its environment and nearby surroundings allowed it to react to unplanned events and objects.^[97]

The P3 humanoid robot was revealed by Honda in 1998 as a part of the company's continuing humanoid project.^[98] In 1999, Sony introduced the AIBO, a robotic dog capable of interacting with humans; the first models released in Japan sold out in 20 minutes.^[99] Honda revealed the most advanced result of their humanoid project in 2000, named ASIMO. ASIMO can run, walk, communicate with humans, recognise faces, environment, voices and posture, and interact with its environment.^[100] Sony also revealed its Sony Dream Robots, small humanoid robots in development for entertainment.^[101] In October 2000, the United Nations estimated that there were 742,500 industrial robots in the world, with more than half of them being used in Japan.^[31]

Roomba vacuum cleanerdocked in base station

In April 2001, the Canadarm2 was launched into orbit and attached to the International Space Station. The Canadarm2 is a larger, more capable version of the arm used by the Space Shuttle, and is hailed as "smarter".^[102] Also in April, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Global Hawk made the first autonomous non-stop flight over the Pacific Ocean from Edwards Air Force Base in California to RAAF Base Edinburgh in Southern Australia. The flight was made in 22 hours.^[103]

The popular Roomba, a robotic vacuum cleaner, was first released in 2002 by the company iRobot.^[104]

In 2005, Cornell University revealed a robotic system of block-modules capable of attaching and detaching, described as the first robot capable of self-replication, because it was capable of assembling copies of itself if it was placed near more of the blocks which composed it.^[105] Launched in 2003, on 3 and 24 January, the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity landed on the surface of Mars. Both robots drove many times the distance originally expected, and Opportunity was still operating as late as mid-2018, before communications were lost due to a major dust storm.^[106]

Self-driving cars had made their appearance by around 2005, but there was room for improvement. None of the 15 devices competing in the DARPA Grand Challenge (2004) successfully completed the course; in fact no robot successfully navigated more than 5% of the 150-mile (240 km) off-road course, leaving the $1 million prize unclaimed.^[107] In 2005, Honda revealed a new version of its ASIMO robot, updated with new behaviors and capabilities.^[108] In 2006, Cornell University revealed its "Starfish" robot, a four-legged robot capable of self modeling^{[clarification needed]} and learning to walk after having been damaged.^[109] In 2007, TOMY launched the entertainment robot, i-sobot, a humanoid bipedal robot that can walk like a human and performs kicks and punches and also some entertaining tricks and special actions under "Special Action Mode".

The word I would like to create is ‘camilk’

Development of humanoid robots continued to advance; Robonaut 2 was launched to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery on the STS-133 mission in 2011 as the first humanoid robot in space. While its initial purpose was to teach engineers how dextrous robots behave in space, the hope is that through upgrades and advancements, it could one day venture outside the station to help spacewalkers make repairs or additions to the station or perform scientific work.^[110] By the end of the decade, humanoid and animal-like robots were capable of clearing difficult obstacle courses, maintaining balance, and even performing gymnastic feats.^[111] However, the vast majority of robotic developments in the 2010s instead saw smaller, more specialized non-humanoid robots become cheaper, more capable, and more ubiquitous.

Moore's Law and the increasing integration of digital electronic components into lightweight and powerful systems on a chip allowed for the heavy computation necessary for the operation of a robotic system to be performed by smaller and smaller devices. Many of these advances in chip and sensor technology were driven by the growth and spread of smartphones, which demanded these new components to meet the increasing demands of everyday use.

The cost and weight reductions of these components have resulted in a proliferation of new kinds of special-purpose robots. Quadcopters, a novelty at the beginning of the decade, became a ubiquitous platform for robotic systems, featuring autonomous navigation and stabilization and carrying increasingly powerful sensors, including stabilized high definition cameras, radar, and surveying equipment. By the end of the decade, the cost of a robotic quadcopter with 4Kcameras and autonomous navigation had dropped to within range of hobbyist budgets,^[112] and companies like Amazon were exploring the use of quadcopters to autonomously deliver freight, though deployment of this systems did not happen on a large scale in the decade.^[113]

The decade also saw a boom in the capabilities of artificial intelligence. Over the course of the 2010s, the capacity of onboard computers used within robots increased to the point that robots could perform increasingly complex actions without human guidance, as well as independently process data in more complex ways. The growth of mobile data networks and increasing power of graphics cardsfor artificial intelligence applications also allowed robots to communicate with distant clusters in real time, effectively boosting the capability of even very simple robots to include cutting-edge artificial intelligence techniques.

The 2010s also saw the growth of new software paradigms, which allowed robots and their AI systems to take advantage of this increased computing power. Neural networks became increasingly well developed in the 2010s, with companies like Google offering free and open access to products like TensorFlow, which allowed robot manufacturers to quickly integrate neural nets that allowed for abilities like facial recognition and object identification in even the smallest, cheapest robots.^[114]

The growth of robots in the 2010s also coincided with the increasing power of the open source software movement, with many companies offering free access to their artificial intelligence software. Open source hardware, such as the Raspberry Piline of compact single board computers and the Arduino line of microcontrollers, as well as a growing array of electronic components like sensors and motorsdramatically increased in power and decreased in price over the 2010s. Combined with the drop in cost of manufacturing techniques like 3D printing, these components allowed hobbyists, researchers and manufacturers alike to quickly and cheaply build special-purpose robots that exhibited high degrees of artificial intelligence, as well as to share their designs with others around the world

‘I’, ‘we’, ‘who’ and the numbers ‘1’, ‘2’ and ‘3’

The growth of robotic capabilities during the decade happened in tandem with the centralization of economic power into the hands of large multinational tech companies, which has prompted concerns that the capabilities of these robots could be abused by the companies that make them available to consumers. The acquisition of Roomba by Amazon led to concerns from data privacy advocates that data about the interiors of users' homes collected by the robots' sensors and cameras could be stored, shared and analyzed without those users' informed consent.^[118] Likewise, the ubiquity of small flying quadcopters, home automation, and facial recognition capabilities by robots has caused serious concerns regarding human rights abuses, including allegations of repression of ethnic minorities in China^[119] and concerns about violations of privacy rights by law enforcement in the United States.^[120] As robotic systems showed the ability to perform more and more tasks once limited to human operators, many ethicists raised concerns that robots operating complex systems may not have the moral or ethical safeguards necessary to ensure public safety.^[121]

Throughout the 2010s, humans continued to examine the nature of their relationships with robots, with trends indicating a general belief that robots were or would become conscious beings deserving of rights, and potential allies or rivals to humans. On 25 October 2017 at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, a robot called Sophia and referred to with female pronouns was granted Saudi Arabiancitizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality.^[122][123] This has attracted controversy, as it is not obvious whether this implies that Sophia can vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown can be considered murder; as well, it is controversial considering how few rights are given to Saudi human women.^[124][125] Popular works of art in the 2010s, such as HBO's revival of Westworld, encouraged empathy for robots, and explored questions of humanity and consciousness.^[126]

By the end of the decade, commercial and industrial robots were in widespread use, performing jobs more cheaply or with greater accuracy and reliability than humans, and were widely used in manufacturing, assembly and packing, transport, Earth and space exploration, surgery, weaponry, laboratory research, and mass production of consumer and industrial goods.^[127] The growth of the use robots across industry, as well as in the service sector and in creative or highly skilled jobs formerly limited to humans, led to fears in the latter part of the decade of mass technological unemployment.^[128]

By the very end of the decade, robotics had started to make advancements on the nanotechnology scale. In 2019, engineers at the University of Pennsylvania created millions of nanobots in just a few weeks using technology borrowed from the mature semiconductor industry. These microscopic robots, small enough to be injected into the human body and controlled wirelessly, could one day deliver medications and perform surgeries, revolutionizing medicine and health.^[1

Values of Innovations

jingle

Kai

Hello! I am Kai! Today we will be learning Innovation!

Now, 1st question! What is Innovation?

If your answer is “Innovation is invention” You are right! For those who answered it wrong we got a plenty of question! Oh! Before we continue I forgot to introduce Keeana!

Keeana

Hello! I am Keeana! I will help you! So now! 2nd question! Why is it important to innovate?

If your answer is “Innovation is important because inventions can help people around the world” you are correct!

Kai

Now, 3rd question! What are some inventions that have helped/improved the world?

If your answer is “cars , ai , technology , printer, and electricity” you are right!

Keeana

Now, 4th question! How some recent inventions changes the world?

If your answer is “electric , self driving cars , renewable energy tech, AI, and bio advancement” you are right!

Kai

Now, 5th question! What would you invent if you had a chance to? Now this question there is no right or wrong answer!

Keeana

How would this(5th Question) invention(s) solve real-world problems? This question does not have right or wrong answer too!

Bonus

We also upload weekly 2-3 minutes videos weekly! See you! Also please like and subscribe! Bye!

1. Inspiration and Concept: RobTop was inspired by other challenging platform games and music-based games. He wanted to create a game that combined fast-paced platforming with rhythmic synchronization to music.

2. Early Development: Geometry Dash started as a side project while RobTop was working on other games. He began developing prototypes and experimenting with different gameplay mechanics.

3. Focus on Rhythm: One of the core elements of Geometry Dash is its synchronization with music. RobTop meticulously designed levels where obstacles and challenges are synchronized with the beats and tempo of electronic music tracks.

4. Iterative Development: The game evolved through iterative development, with RobTop constantly refining gameplay mechanics, level designs, and user interface elements based on player feedback and his own creative vision.

5. Release and Reception: Geometry Dash was released initially on August 13, 2013, for iOS devices. It gained popularity quickly due to its addictive gameplay, challenging levels, and the ability for players to create and share their own levels.

6. Community and Growth: Over time, Geometry Dash developed a strong and dedicated community of players and level creators. The game expanded to other platforms, including Android, Steam, and more recently, consoles like Nintendo Switch.

7. Updates and Expansions: RobTop continued to support the game with regular updates, introducing new features, levels, and improvements. These updates kept the game fresh and maintained its popularity among both new and existing players.

8. Legacy: Geometry Dash has become a staple in the rhythm-based platformer genre, inspiring countless imitations and spin-offs. Its success has solidified RobTop's reputation as a talented indie game developer.

Overall, Geometry Dash's creation is a testament to RobTop's creativity, dedication to gameplay mechanics, and his ability to connect with a global community of gamers through a shared love for challenging and rhythmically engaging gameplay.

DO YOUR DUOLINGO

and delicious.

Duolingo was founded in 2011 by Luis von Ahn and Severin Hacker. The Duolingo app launched in 2012 and has since become the most popular way to learn a language and one of the most downloaded education apps in the world.

https://press.duolingo.com

Duolingo Press Room

MORE RESULTS

What made Duolingo successful?

Duolingo's success and primary key feature stem from its innovative strategy for teaching languages (and others like music and mathematics) using gamification. This approach incorporates game-like elements into traditionally serious contexts to boost engagement and provide a unique experience.3 Jan 2024

https://bootcamp.uxdesign.cc › an-u...

An unbroken streak: Some UX secrets behind Duolingo's success |

MORE RESULTS

Why was Duolingo removed from China?

Users in China found the Pittsburg-based app unavailable for downloads last August amid the country's sweeping education crackdown, including restrictions on for-profit afterschool tutoring.9 Jun 2022

https://techcrunch.com › 2022/06/09Duolingo back in China app stores after 1 year - TechCrunch

MORE RESULTS

Why is Duolingo called Duolingo?

They decided to call it Duolingo, deriving from the Latin words “duo” which means “two” and “lingua”, meaning “tongue” or “language”.

https://allgoodtales.com › brand-st...

Brand Story Hero - Duolingo | All Good Tales

Duolingo is a made-up word that you can think of as meaning "two languages", or possibly "second language".9 Dec 2023

1. Thou. The singular form of "you," this is the only word that all seven language families share in some form. ...

2. I. Similarly, you'd need to talk about yourself. ...

3. Mother

4. Give

5. Bark

6. Black

7. Fire

8. Ashes

1.Czech

2.kurdish

3.marathi

4.burnese

5.uzbek

6.jin

7.swahili

I would created camilk because it sounds like milk brand which it is.

Ayden: Hold up, what is innovation Ejaz ?

Ejaz: Innovation is defined as the process of bringing about new ideas, methods , products , services and solution that have a significant positive impact and value. It involves transforming creative concepts into tangible outcomes that improve efficiency, effectiveness, or address unmet needs.

Ayden: Oh ! Now I get what innovation is.

Ejaz: Wait , I have a question. Can u answer it ?

Ayden: Sure !

Ejaz: Thank you ! Why is the impact of innovation important ?

Ayden: I can answer that ! It helps redefine your product and service value , strengthen customer relationships , and create a distinctive space for you in the market. The benefits of innovation extend to all business models , enabling companies to stand out with unique offerings.

Ejaz: Great !We will be having another sharing. The sharing will be……NOW!!!

Ayden: Breakthroughs in 3D printing Technology have enabled the creation of organs , offering hope to those in need of transplants. Additionally, quantum computing , harnessing the power of quantum mechanics qubits , has revolutionised data processing , paving the way for lightning-fast information exchange.

Is yeet in the dictionary?

yeeted; yeeting; yeets. transitive verb. : to throw especially with force and without regard for the thing being thrown.

titin

That's the scientific name for the largest protein in the human body, scientifically known as 'titin,' made up of over 190,000 letters. Yep, you heard that right! It's so long that if you tried to put it in the English dictionary, it would need more than fifty pages just for the word alone.

But these are just 2 facts about 2 words...How many words are there though? Well,we can say that there's probably

between 500,000 and 2 million by most working definitions, but it depends what you count as a word.

ALPHABET

Firfirciciling/fire

Dalome /dance

Picilici /picnic

Valcimi/vacation

Titici/tidy

Why would you create these words?

They are so interesting.

They are funny.

English

It has been estimated that the vocabulary of English includes roughly 1 million words (although most linguists would take that estimate with a chunk of salt, and some have said they wouldn't be surprised if it is off the mark by a quarter-million); that tally includes the myriad names of chemicals and other scientific...

What is the richest language?

Arabic

Arabic might be considered the richest language in words

And extra:Historians and linguists generally agree that Sumerian, Akkadian and Egyptian are

the oldest languages with a clear written record.

(Movements)

1. Simplicity and Accessibility: The game is straightforward to understand and play, making it accessible to a wide audience, including casual gamers and younger players.

2. Challenge and Difficulty: It offers a high level of difficulty that appeals to gamers looking for a challenge. The precise timing and coordination required to complete levels provide a satisfying sense of accomplishment.

3. Level Editor and Community: The game includes a robust level editor that allows players to create and share their own levels. This user-generated content keeps the game fresh and engaging, fostering a strong community around the game.

4. Visual and Audio Appeal: Geometry Dash features colorful, geometric graphics and a dynamic soundtrack with upbeat music that complements the fast-paced gameplay. This combination creates an immersive experience that players find enjoyable.

5. Competitiveness and Achievement: The game encourages competitiveness through leaderboards and achievements, motivating players to improve their skills and beat their friends' high scores.

6. Platform Availability: It is available on multiple platforms, including mobile devices (iOS, Android), PC, and consoles, making it easily accessible to a broad audience of gamers.

7. YouTube and Streaming Culture: Geometry Dash gained significant exposure through YouTube and streaming platforms, where players showcase their skills, share level creations, and engage with the community. This exposure helped amplify its popularity.

Overall, Geometry Dash's blend of simplicity, challenge, community engagement, and visual/audio appeal contributed to its widespread popularity and enduring appeal among gamer.

Duolingo is good

Do not enter th domain

Julius is coming for meat eheheheheheheeheheheherhehwhehbewhdab boizzzzzzzzzkjdnvlbnlidsubnldi

Under its Bad Robot Productions division, the company is responsible for the television series Alias, Lost, Fringe, Person of Interest, Revolution, and Westworld alongside the feature-length films Cloverfield, Star Trek, Super 8, Star Trek Into Darkness, Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, Mission: Impossible – Rogue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › B...

Bad Robot - Wikipedia

Georgie
And I’m Georgie. For me, there’s nothing like reading a book – I love turning the pages and the smell of the paper. But nowadays, the fact is that much of the time we read from electronic screens, not paper.

Phil
Yes. Like Georgie, I love books. I also find that too much screen time hurts my eyes. But the availability of digital information means that I end up reading from screens most days.

Georgie
So, apart from sore eyes, is this a problem? Is reading from screens harmless, or could it be damaging us in some way, such as reducing our attention span - the length of time that someone can keep concentrated on what they are doing? That’s what we’ll be discussing in this programme, and of course, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary too.

Phil
Great, but first it’s time for my question. Whether you prefer paper or screens, as humans we’re now reading more words than ever before. So how many words does the average person read a day? Is it: 

a)   50,000 words?
b)   100,000 words? or,
c)   200,000 words?

Georgie
I’ll guess it’s 50,000 words a day.

Phil
OK, Georgie, we’ll find out the correct answer later in the programme. Of course, there’s little doubt that any kind of reading is good for you. Here’s Cressida Cowell, author of the How to Train Your Dragon children’s books, speaking with BBC Ideas:

Cressida Cowell
Reading brings three magical powers - creativity, intelligence, and empathy. Reading for the joy of it is one of the two key factors in a kid’s later economic success. You're more likely to not be in prison, to vote, to own your own home. All of these advantages and benefits happen as a result of literacy.

Georgie
Cressida talks about the importance of reading for the joy of it. When you do an activity for the joy of it, you do it simply for the pleasure of doing it, rather than as a way to gain something else.

Phil
Cressida lists the many benefits of reading for children, including economic success in later life. But many of these benefits depend on a state known as 'deep reading' – analysing a text to understand its deeper meaning. And in test after test, researchers have shown that 'deep reading’ skills develop better when kids read from books.

Georgie
Professor Maryanne Wolf is a teacher, and advocate for children’s literacy around the world. Here, she explains more about ‘deep reading’ to BBC Ideas:

Professor Maryanne Wolf
When we read at a surface level, we're just getting the information. When we read deeply, we use much more of our cerebral cortex. Deep reading means that we make analogies, we make inferences, which allows us to be truly critical, analytic, empathic, human beings.

[…]

The reality is, it's not what, or how much we read but how we read, that's really important. The very volume is having negative effects because to absorb that much, there's a propensity towards skimming.

Phil
Professor Wolf's research shows that reading from screens encourages reading at the surface level – quickly and superficially looking at what can be easily understood. Reading books, on the other hand, activates different areas of the brain, allowing a reader to develop positive traits like empathy, and to understand the deeper level of a book, including analogies and inferences. An analogy is a comparison between things that have similar features. For example, you might talk about the human heart using the analogy of a pump.

Georgie
An inference is a guess, opinion, or conclusion that you make based on the information you already have. For example, seeing smoke in the distance you would make an inference that there's fire. It’s these types of deeper, more subtle understanding that we get from reading books.

Phil
So, why is it that reading from screens doesn’t develop these skills in the same way? Well, the answer has to do with the volume, the sheer number of words, pings and notifications that screens bombard us with every day. Instead of deep reading, this encourages skimming - reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of something. I think it’s time to reveal the answer to my question, Georgie. I asked you how many words does the average modern person read a day.

Georgie
And I guessed it was 50,000 words.

Phil
Well, you were half right. In fact, the correct answer was double that – 100,000 words. Right, let’s recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme starting with attention span, the length of time that someone can stay concentrated on one thing.

Georgie 
If you do something for the joy of it, you do it simply for the pleasure you get, rather than as a way to get something else.

Phil
The phrase on the surface level describes looking at something quickly and superficially rather than trying to understand its full, deeper meaning.

Georgie
An analogy is a comparison between things that have similar features, for example, a human heart and a pump. And an inference is a guess or conclusion that you make based on the information you already have, like inferring fire from seeing smoke.

Phil
And finally, skimming is reading rapidly in order to get a general overview of the text being read. Once again, our six minutes are up. Goodbye for now!

Georgie
Bye!

For more interesting topics from BBC Ideas, click here. 

Say hello to your audience.

Introduce your programme.

Introduce the hosts.

Introduce your topic.

Give a fun quiz question that is related to your topic.

Give information about your topic.

Interview an expert on the topic.

Give information about your topic. Give examples of innovation/ inventions/ languages.

Interview a second expert on the topic.

Sum up your main points.

Give the answer to your question.

Say goodbye.

Hosts: Sophia Jonan, Joy, and Jepsen

Introduction:

• Sophia: Welcome to another episode of our podcast where we dive deep into the world of gaming. Today, we're shifting our focus to a game that's captured the hearts of millions: Geometry Dash.

• Joy: Absolutely! Geometry Dash isn't just a game; it's a phenomenon that combines intense rhythm-based action with mind-bending geometric challenges.

• Jepsen: I'm excited to explore how this game has evolved over the years and what makes it so addictive for players of all ages.

Episode Breakdown:

1. Origins and Evolution of Geometry Dash:

• Sophia: Let's start with how Geometry Dash came to be. Joy, could you give us a brief history?

• Joy: Sure! Geometry Dash was developed by Robert Topala and released in 2013. It began as a simple mobile game but has since grown into a global sensation with multiple updates and spin-offs.

2. Gameplay Mechanics and Challenges:

• Jepsen: What sets Geometry Dash apart from other platformers?

• Sophia: It's all about rhythm and precision. Players navigate through levels filled with spikes, obstacles, and moving objects, all synchronized to an electrifying soundtrack.

• Joy: The difficulty ramps up quickly, testing reflexes and timing to the limit.

3. Community and Culture:

• Jepsen: The Geometry Dash community is known for its creativity. How has user-generated content shaped the game?

• Sophia: Players can create their own levels, which has led to an endless stream of unique challenges. It's like the game is constantly evolving thanks to its dedicated community.

4. Impact and Legacy:

• Joy: How has Geometry Dash influenced gaming as a whole?

• Jepsen: It's shown that indie games can reach massive audiences through engaging gameplay and community involvement. Plus, its success paved the way for similar rhythm-based games.

5. Personal Experiences and Recommendations:

• Sophia: Before we wrap up, any memorable moments or tips you'd like to share with our listeners?

• Joy: Definitely practice patience! It can be frustrating at times, but the satisfaction of completing a level is worth it.

• Jepsen: And don't be afraid to explore user-created levels; you'll find some hidden gems out there.

Conclusion:

• Sophia: That wraps up our discussion on Geometry Dash. A big thank you to Joy and Jepsen for joining me today.

• Joy: It's been a blast!

• Jepsen: Thanks for having us.

Final Thoughts:

• Sophia: Whether you're a seasoned player or new to the world of Geometry Dash, we hope you've enjoyed this deep dive into what makes this game so special. Stay tuned for more episodes exploring the fascinating world of gaming.

Outro Music Fades Out

This structure covers the history, mechanics, community, and personal insights related to Geometry Dash, ensuring a comprehensive and engaging podcast episode.

Origins and Inspiration

Robert Topala, who was working at his own game development company, RobTop Games, initially did not set out to create Geometry Dash. His journey into game development began with a passion for making simple yet engaging games. Before Geometry Dash, Topala had worked on several other games, which laid the groundwork for his future projects.

The idea for Geometry Dash was inspired by a combination of influences from various genres and mechanics. Topala was particularly interested in rhythm-based games and the challenge of creating a game that combined rhythmic timing with platforming elements. The concept of blending these two aspects into a single cohesive game was the seed from which Geometry Dash grew.

Development Process

1. Conceptualization: The initial concept for Geometry Dash began to take shape when Topala envisioned a game where players had to navigate through levels by jumping and dodging obstacles in sync with the music. The goal was to create a game that was simple in its controls but difficult in execution, pushing players to perfect their timing and precision.

2. Design and Mechanics: The core mechanics of Geometry Dash are straightforward. Players control a square-shaped character that jumps and maneuvers through a series of obstacles. The game is driven by a rhythm-based system where the obstacles and platform layout are synchronized with the background music. This synchronization required careful planning to ensure that the timing of jumps and movements aligned with the musical beat.
   Topala designed the game to be highly customizable, allowing players to create their own levels using an in-game editor. This feature was inspired by his desire to provide players with tools to express their creativity and extend the game’s replayability.

3. Graphics and Aesthetics: The visual style of Geometry Dash is minimalist but vibrant. The game features a geometric design with bold colors and simple shapes, which helps keep the focus on the gameplay. The choice of a minimalistic design was also influenced by Topala’s desire to keep the game’s performance consistent across various devices.

4. Challenges and Iteration: Developing Geometry Dash was not without its challenges. Topala faced technical hurdles in synchronizing the gameplay with the music and ensuring that the game ran smoothly on different devices. Additionally, balancing the difficulty of the levels was crucial to maintaining the game’s appeal. Too easy, and players would quickly lose interest; too hard, and it would become frustrating.
   Topala iterated on the game’s design multiple times, testing different features and mechanics to find the right balance. The feedback from early testers and the game’s community played a significant role in shaping the final product.

Release and Reception

Geometry Dash was officially released on August 13, 2013. Upon its release, it quickly garnered a following due to its addictive gameplay and unique blend of rhythm and platforming mechanics. The game’s level editor and the ability for players to create and share their own levels contributed to its success, fostering a vibrant community around it.

The game’s success led to several updates and expansions, introducing new levels, challenges, and features. Each update built upon the core mechanics and expanded the game’s content, keeping the player base engaged and continually attracting new players.

Legacy and Impact

Geometry Dash’s success is a testament to the power of combining simple mechanics with creative design. Robert Topala’s vision of a rhythm-based platformer resonated with players around the world, creating a lasting impact on the gaming community. The game’s level editor and community-driven content have allowed it to remain relevant and popular long after its initial release.

The story of Geometry Dash is a prime example of how a unique idea, combined with passion and perseverance, can lead to the creation of a beloved and successful game. Topala’s ability to blend rhythm, timing, and platforming into a single experience has cemented Geometry Dash as a classic in the world of mobile and indie games.

Why It Can Be Good for Kids:

1. Simple Controls: The game has straightforward controls—tapping or clicking to make the character jump. This simplicity makes it accessible for younger players who might struggle with more complex controls.

2. Challenge and Skill Development: Geometry Dash requires precise timing and coordination, which can help improve hand-eye coordination and concentration. It’s also a game that rewards persistence and problem-solving, as players need to retry levels multiple times to succeed.

3. Creativity: The level editor allows players to create and share their own levels. This feature can be great for encouraging creativity and imagination, as kids can design their own challenges and share them with friends.

4. Visual Appeal: The game’s bright, colorful, and geometric design can be visually engaging for kids. The vibrant graphics and dynamic animations are designed to capture attention.

Things to Watch Out For:

1. Difficulty: Geometry Dash can be quite challenging, especially for younger children. Some levels are very difficult and can lead to frustration if not approached with patience. It might be more suitable for kids who are older or have some gaming experience.

2. Potential for Frustration: The game is known for its difficulty spikes and can be quite punishing. Kids might become frustrated with repeated failures. It’s important for players to have a balanced approach to avoid frustration and maintain enjoyment.

3. In-Game Purchases: The game includes optional in-game purchases, which might not be an issue for the game itself but could be a concern depending on how these are managed. Ensuring that kids understand the implications of in-game purchases or setting up parental controls can help manage this aspect.

4. Community Content: While the level editor is a great feature, some user-generated content can be more challenging or complex, and not all levels may be appropriate for younger players. It’s a good idea to monitor the content or guide kids toward levels that are age-appropriate.

Conclusion:

Geometry Dash can be a fun and educational game for kids, particularly if they enjoy rhythm-based challenges and platforming games. It offers opportunities for skill development and creativity. However, it’s important to consider the difficulty level and manage potential frustrations, as well as keep an eye on in-game purchases and community content. For younger players, it might be helpful to start with the easier levels and gradually progress as they become more comfortable with the game’s mechanics.

Mian ya

I am Mian ya

Julius

And I am Julius

Mian ya

Today we are going to learn about robots.

Julius

Do you know how many people use robots everyday?

The choices are

a)1.m

b)5.m

c)3.2m

Mian ya

My guess is (a)

Julius

Ok I will reveal the answer later in the programe

Narrator: Welcome to “6 Minute English,” where we explore fascinating topics and learn something new in just six minutes. Today, we’re diving into the world of Geometry Dash! Joining us are our hosts, Joy, Jonan, Sophia, and Jepsen.

Joy: Hello everyone!

Jonan: Hi there!

Sophia: Hey, great to be here!

Jepsen: Hey, folks!

Narrator: Before we get started, here’s a quick fact about Geometry Dash: Did you know that Geometry Dash was created by a Swedish game developer named Robert Topala, and it was first released in 2013? It has since become incredibly popular for its challenging gameplay and creative community.

Joy: That’s a great fact to kick things off! So, Geometry Dash is this rhythm-based platformer game where players navigate a series of obstacles to the beat of the music. What’s amazing is how the game combines simple controls with really complex levels.

Jonan: Exactly! The game’s core mechanics are quite simple—players tap the screen to jump and hold to fly—but the levels can get incredibly intricate. It’s this perfect mix of easy-to-learn but hard-to-master that keeps players coming back for more.

Sophia: One of the coolest aspects is the level editor. Players can create their own levels and share them with the community. This has led to an explosion of user-generated content and a vibrant community of creators.

Jepsen: And the creativity doesn’t stop there. Some of these user-created levels are so complex that they rival the official ones in difficulty. Plus, the game has a fantastic soundtrack that really adds to the experience. Each level is designed to sync perfectly with the music, which is a huge part of what makes the game so enjoyable.

Joy: Speaking of levels, have you guys tried the “Extreme Demon” levels? They’re known for being ridiculously hard!

Jonan: I have, and let me tell you, they’re a real test of patience and skill. Completing one of those levels feels like a huge accomplishment.

Sophia: Definitely! But what I find really interesting is how Geometry Dash has become a platform for players to challenge themselves and others. There are speedrunning communities and even competitions based around the game.

Jepsen: And let’s not forget about the sense of community. The forums and social media groups are filled with players sharing their strategies, level designs, and high scores. It’s amazing to see how passionate people are about this game.

Joy: It’s really a testament to how a simple game can grow into something much bigger through community engagement and creativity.

Narrator: Before we wrap up, let’s remind everyone of our fact for today: Geometry Dash was developed by Robert Topala and first released in 2013. Since then, it has become a beloved game known for its challenging levels and active player community.

Jonan: That’s right! We hope you’ve enjoyed our dive into Geometry Dash. Thanks for joining us, and we’ll see you next time on “6 Minute English”!

Sophia: Bye for now!

Jepsen: Catch you later!

Joy: See you!

Podcast Outro Music: Upbeat, energetic tune fades out

Beth
And I’m Beth.

Neil
Shhh! Quiet please! I’m trying to read here, Beth!

Beth
Oh, excuse me! I didn’t know this was a library.

Neil
Well, what exactly is a library? Have you ever thought about that?

Beth
Well, somewhere with lots of books I suppose, where you go to read or study.

Neil
A symbol of knowledge and learning, a place to keep warm in the winter, or somewhere to murder victims in a crime novel: libraries can be all of these things, and more.

Beth
In this programme, we’ll be looking into the hidden life of the library, including one of the most famous, the Great Library of Alexandria, founded in ancient Egypt in around 285 BCE. And as usual, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary, and doing it all in a whisper so as not to disturb anyone!

Neil
Glad to hear it! But before we get out our library cards, I have a question for you, Beth. Founded in 1973 in central London, the British Library is one of the largest libraries in the world, containing around 200 million books. But which of the following can be found on its shelves. Is it:

a)    the earliest known printing of the Bible?
b)    the first edition of The Times’ newspaper from 1788? or,
c)    the original manuscripts of the Harry Potter books?

Beth
I’ll guess it’s the first edition of the famous British newspaper, 'The Times’.

Neil
OK, Beth, I’ll reveal the answer at the end of the programme. Libraries mean different things to different people, so who better to ask than someone who has written the book on it, literally. Professor Andrew Pettegree is the author of a new book, 'A Fragile History of the Library'. Here he explains what a library means to him to BBC Radio 3 programme, Art & Ideas:

Andrew Pettegree
Well, in my view, a library is any collection of books which is deliberately put together by its owner or patron. So, in the 15th century a library can be 30 manuscripts painfully put together during the course of a lifetime, or it can be two shelves of paperbacks in your home.

Beth
Andrew defines a library as any collection of books someone has intentionally built up. This could be as simple as a few paperbacks, cheap books with a cover made of thick paper.

Neil
Today, books are available everywhere from supermarkets to train stations, but back in history that wasn’t the case. In earlier centuries, printed books or manuscripts were rare and may have been painfully collected over many years. Andrew uses the adverb painfully, or painstakingly, to describe something which took a lot of care and effort to do.

Beth
But paperback books and private collections are only part of the story. You may not believe it, but libraries are places of power! To find out why we have to go back in time to the ancient Egyptian port of Alexandria in the third century BCE.

Neil
The Great Library of Alexandria held the largest collection of books in the ancient world. Founded in the city built by Alexander the Great, the library’s mission was to bring together a copy of every book then in existence. According to history professor, Islam Issa, there were two reasons why the Great Library made Alexandria so powerful, as he explained to BBC Radio 3 programme, Art & Ideas:

Islam Issa
The first is being in a location at the intersection of the continents and bringing a diverse set of people together to live in harmony, or relative harmony, can bring about economic prosperity. And the second is, quite simply, that knowledge equals power, and so the library is a form of soft power, it's a way of saying that Alexandria is an important centre of knowledge, a regional capital by being the guardians of knowledge…

Beth
Alexandria was the meeting point of different cultures where different ideas and philosophies were exchanged. This atmosphere encouraged people to live in harmony, peacefully and cooperatively with each other.

Neil
But the main reason for the Great Library’s importance is that knowledge equals power, a saying meaning that the more someone knows, the more they will be able to control events. Alexandria became the capital of soft power, the use of political and cultural knowledge, rather than military power, to influence events.

Beth
Now, maybe it’s time to reveal the answer to your question, Neil?

Neil
Sure, I asked you which famous text could be found in The British Library.

Beth
I guessed it was the first edition of 'The Times’ newspaper. So, was I right?

Neil
That was… the correct answer! In the British Library you’ll find the first copy of 'The Times’, along with the first editions of many famous books. OK, let’s recap the vocabulary we've learned in this programme starting with shhh!, an exclamation used to ask someone to be quiet.

Beth
A paperback is a type of book with a cover made of thick paper and sold relatively cheaply.

Neil
Doing something painstakingly or painfully means doing it in a way showing that lots of care and effort has been taken.

Beth
Harmony is a situation where people cooperate peacefully with each other.

Neil
According to the expression, knowledge equals power, the more you know, the more you’re able to control events.

Beth
And finally, soft power involves using political or cultural means, rather than military power, to get what you want. Once again our six minutes are up! Goodbye for now!

Neil
Goodbye!

The person who invented it was rob top.

Most people enjoy it.

The last research was that 14,036.7 people in the world play geometry dash.

Let’s introduce our guest, Leonardo Torres Quevedo

Leonardo Torres Quevedo

Hello, I just jumped out of my coffin

Mian ya

When were robots invented?

Leonardo was Torres da plebes

Robots were invented in 1948 and 1949.

Julius

Wow that is such a amazing fact!

Mian ya

Are robots good for humanity?

Leonardo Torres da plebes

In numerous settings around the world, robots and related technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI), are helping humans with a range of work. This includes high-risk and complex jobs – and work in places where humans can't.

Mian ya

Leonardo has a interest in robotics.

Julius

Okay, let’s reveal the answer for the quiz.

And the answer is (c). You got it wrong.

Mian ya

Okay, let’s sum up of what vocabulary we have learnt today

Julius

AI means artificial intelligence

Mian Ya

So we have learnt that innovation is important. An innovative mind invented the first robots and more innovative minds are building more sophisticated robots.

Sherilyn

And that is all we have for today pls listen to the next idk English .com

Characters:Kai, Keeana and “marie curie”

About it is because one day she went out looking at the bright sun she was not even blinking her parents went to the clinic with her ,then they realised Helen Keller was blind and deaf.

And if you buy this robot you will never return 🧬.com .

Geometry Dash is not just like other games.

Popular games such as geometry dash can entertain people.

So, what are you waiting for?

Download the app and start playing! 😄

It can cheer you up when you’re sad .

Keeana: Inovation is an invention of somethi

a)2018

b)2005

c)2013

Olivia- I am Olivia and this are some of my friends helping me in this programme, Karen Fan, Hannah, and Marisa. This topic is about why words are important. You will also get to learn some new words at the end of the programme.

Marisa- Hannah, let me ask you a question, do you know when words are invented? Is it

a) between 2000 and 4000 years ago

b)between 50,000 years and 150,000 years ago

c)between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago?

Hannah- Let me guess…….I think its between 50,000 and 150,000 years ago.

Marisa-Okay, I will reveal the answer at the end of the programme.

Karen Fan- Olivia, do know what is the importance of words?

Olivia-Yes, the importance of words is for people to communicate in daily life, working life, and social life.

Marisa- Wow, I did not know that words were so important! Did you know that reading improves your vocabulary knowledge?Now, let’s interview Helen Keller, the first woman that is blind and deaf.

Helen Keller- I like to read classics more than modern literature, but never got a chance to read this one.

After finishing a book, I could say that this is hands down for the simplest piece of literature that can be read by people of any age group. In spite of autobiography, short and simple, is the theme followed by this book.

This is because the author, on whose life the book is based on records only certain significant incidents.

Karen Fan- From this interview, you get to know a woman who has become blind and deaf at an early age.

Marisa-Okay, I think its time for me to reaveal the answer. I asked Hannah when were words invented.

Hannah- I said between 50,000 and 150,000 years ago.

Marisa-And that’s………correct!

Karen Fan- Reveal means to show something that was previously kept a secret. Interview means a meeting of people face to face, especially for consultation.

Hannah- Significant means a great or important to be worthy of attendtion, noteworthy.Autobiography means an account of a person’s life written by that person.

All together-And once again, our 5 minute smart brain english is over. Goodbye for now!!!

Hi my name is Jonan and with me I have Joy (Jonan)

(Music)

Today we will be interviewing Rob Tobala but first Jonan promised me a puzzle. Now where is he?…(joy)

Hi I’m back! So anyway, here's the quiz…(Jonan)

Jonan hurry up with the quiz(joy)

Ok this is your quiz. How many people play geometry dash?

(a)25,036.7

(b)14,037.6 or

(c)14,036.7. (Jonan)

I think it is b 14,037.6 oh! It is time for Rob topala to come out (joy)

jingle

Today we are going to learn Values of Innovation!

Kai

Hello, I am Kai!

Keeana

And I am Keeana! Today we are going about the Values of Innovation!

Kai

Hey, Keeana and the listeners, I have a question!

Who first invented radium and polonium?

A) Marie Curie

B) Albert Einstein Or

C) Alexander Graham Bell?

Keeana

Mmm… I think Albert Einstein!

Kai

I will reveal the answer at the end of the PodCast!

Now,I am going to tell you an interesting fact.Innovation often involves transforming creative ideas into new solutions that drives business growth, and meet customer's changing needs.

Keeana

Oh, what was the answer to the question?

Kai

Oh,right the answer was Marie Curie!

Marie curie was one the most famous inventor because she invented radium and polonium

Keeana

Let’s invite Marie Curie to tell us why she invented radium and polonium.

“Marie Curie”

Hi I am Marie curie. I am going to tell you why I invented radium and polonium.

I invented radium and polonium because the elements were radioactive,which meant that when their atoms broke down, they gave off invisible rays that could pass through solid matter and conduct electricity.

Kai

Wow that is very interesting!

Keeana

Yes that is indeed very interesting

Kai

Now we have come to the end of the podcast! But first, we need to recap the meanings of vocabulary of innovation.

Keeana

Radioactive means emitting or relating to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles.

Kai

Radium means the chemical element of an atomic number 88, a rare radioactive metal of the alkaline earth series. It was formerly used as a source of radiation for radiotherapy.

Keeana

Polonium is a chemical element of atomic number 84, a radioactive metal occurring in nature only as a product of a radioactive decay, of uranium.

Kai

That’s it for now goodbye!

Keeana

Bye!

Ejaz: My name is Ejaz.

Ayden: My name is Ayden.

Angel: My name is Angel.

Laura My name is Laura

Ayden: Today we will be sharing about computers.

Ejaz: For me, I enjoy using computers to do my work. But nowadays , computers has become more advanced and more broadly used.

Angel: I use it often too! However, if there was no such thing as computers, we would be struggling with our work.

Laura: Before we start our sharing, we will do a ...... QUIZ TIME ! The question is .... who was the inventor of computers? Is it...

A. Albert Einstien

B. Charles Babbage

C. Nicola Tesla

Angel, Ayden, Ejaz: We guess that the answer is C. Nicola Tesla.

Laura: The answer is ............. you know what maybe I will reveal the answer later.

Ejaz: Computers have improved over the years since they were invented in 1822 but computers were not built until 1991 by Alan Turing.

Angel: Computers in the past helped people with school homework.

Ayden: But computers in the present helped long distance communication has also become more accessible to people worldwide. Today we have with us the man who built the computer -- Alan Turing !

Alan Turing : The computer in the present looks so different than what I had first built. I feel proud of what I had built.

Laura: Thank you, Alan Turing! Now it is time to reveal the answer of the question that I had asked you guys earlier.

Ayden , Ejaz and Angel: We guessed Nicola Tesla.

Laura: Good try, guys. Unfortunately the answer is....... Charles Babbage !

Angel: The word 'broadly' means generally used.

Ejaz: The word 'accessible' means easily used.

Ayden: Thank you for listening to our sharing. I hope you understand the importance of innovation. Without innovation, there would be no computers today. Once again , it's Ejaz , Ayden, Angel and Laura saying goodbye for now.

Ejaz: Bye.

Xi Hui:yes it is. It helps us build relationships by allowing us to share our experiences,and needs, and helps us connect to others.

Darius:I have a quiz question for you Xi Hui.”how many people use English as a language?

a)1.46billion

b)2.396billion

c)1.463million

Eleanor: I’m Eleanor

Isabelle: and I’m Isabelle.

Eleanor: Today, we will be talking about the

Ga-olé machines and why they were made.

Isabelle: Great, but first, I have a question for you, Eleanor,

how many Ga-olé machines are there in rush part 4? Is it

(A)45

(B)42 or

(C)70

Eleanor: I think its (C) 70

Isabelle: Ok Eleanor. I’ll reveal the answer at the end of the

podcast. Meanwhile, let’s meet the inventor of the Ga-olé machine, Thomas Jr.

Thomas Jr: Hi, I think kids needed better games in public as kids were running in the malls. This a Pokemon game where the aim of the game is to catch five stars which are very rare. It hrrare. This has provided children with hours of

 “Good afternoon, everyone! Welcome to …. . Thank you for tuning in to our Podcast.”

Person B

 “I’m (name) and this is (name). Today’s topic is ….”

Person A

 “I have a quiz question for you. ...(read the question)… Is it (a) …., (b) …. Or (c) ….? I will give you the answer at the end of our segment today.”

Person B

 “Did you know that ….? (Give more information)

Person A

 “Today we have with us …./ Here we have with us…”

Person B

 “Did you also know that ….? (Give more information)

Person A

 “Today we have with us …./ Here we have with us…”

Person B

“Right, so today, we have learnt that …”

Person A

 “So I asked you just now if … (read the question)… and your answer was …. . Well, that is correct/ incorrect. (Give the detailed answer).

Person A

 “We hope you enjoyed our Podcast. Good bye for now!”

Chorus: Hello this is 5-minute English from Smart Brain English.

Olivia - I am Olivia and these are some of my friends helping me in this programme: Karen Fan, Hannah, and Marisa. This topic is about why words are important. You will also get to learn some new words at the end of the programme.

Marisa- Hannah, let me ask you a question, do you know when words are invented? Is it:

a) between 2000 and 4000 years ago

b) between 50,000 years and 150,000 years ago

c) between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago?

Hannah- Let me guess... I think it's between 50,000 and 150,000 years ago.

Marisa-Okay, I will reveal the answer at the end of the programme.

Karen Fan- Olivia, do know what is the importance of words?

Olivia-Yes, the importance of words is for people to communicate in daily life, working life, and social life.

Marisa- Wow, I did not know that words were so important! Did you know that reading improves your vocabulary and knowledge? Now, let’s interview Helen Keller, the first woman who is blind and deaf. An "Interview" means a meeting of people face to face, especially for consultation.

Karen as Helen Keller- I like to read classics more than modern literature, but never got a chance to read this book.

After finishing a book, I could say hands down that this is the simplest piece of literature that can be read by people of any age group. It is an autobiography, short and simple. An "Autobiography" is an account of a person’s life written by the person himself or herself.

Karen - This is because the author, on whose life the book is based on, records only certain significant incidents. From this interview, you can understand more about a woman who became blind and deaf at an early age."Significant incidents refer to events that are of great importance or are worthy of attention.

Marisa-Okay, I think it's time for me to reveal the answer. I asked Hannah when words were invented."Reveal" means to show something that was previously kept a secret.

Hannah- I said between 50,000 and 150,000 years ago.

Marisa-And that’s………correct!

All together- And once again, our five-minute smart brain English is over. Please do join us next time, goodbye for now!

Welcome to our Quardruple A's Learning PodCast Channel!

kai

Hi! My name is Kai!

keeana

And my name is Keeana! Today we are going to learn about Values Of Innovation!

kai

Innovation is invention! Hey! do you know who invented polonium and radium?

a) Albert Einstien

b) Marie Curie or

c) Thomas Edison

Keeana

mhmmmm... I think Thomas Edison!

Kai

I will reveal the answer now so you know who our mystery guest is!

Keeana

Now, I am going to tell you an interesting fact! Innovation often involves transforming creative ideas that drive business growth, and meet customers' changing needs! Oh, what was the answer to the question?

Kai

Oh, right! The answer was Marie Curie!

Marie Curie was one of the most famous inventors because she invented polonium and radium.

Keeana

Let's invite Marie Curie to tell us why she invented polonium and radium!

Marie Curie

Hi! I am Marie Curie. I am going to tell you why I invented polonium and radium. I invented polonium and radium because the elements were radioactive, which meant that when their atoms break down, they give off invisible rays that can pass through solid matter and conduct electricity.

These elements were used in the first atomic bomb which was invented to save the world.

kai

wow! that is very interesting!

keeana

Yes, that is indeed very interesting.

kai

Now we have come to the end of the podcast! but first... we need to recap the meanings of these words.

keeana

Radioactive means emitting or relating to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles.

kai

Radium is the chemical element of an atomic number 88, a rare radioactive metal of alkaline earth series. It was formerly used as a source of radiation for radiotherapy.

keeana

Polonium is a chemical element of atomic number 84, a radioactive metal occurring in nature only as a product of a radioactive decay of uranium.

Atom refers to the smallest particle of a chemical that can exist.

kai

That's it for now. Goodbye!

keeana

Bye!

hi!

we are from chanel blue

ingid do you know what we are talking about?

yes i do, we are talking about words,that leads me to asking do you know how many word there are in the world

1)300

2)7,139

3)3,087

4)601

i guess number 3,3,087

good guess but...

you will have to wait until the end to find out the answer

ok!

Normal voice

Hi, welcome to the quadruple A's podcast channel

Isabelle: Ok, I asked you how many Ga-olé machines were there in rush part 4. You said C(70) which was… the right answer!

Eleanor: Ok we have come to the end of the podcast. Goodbye for now!

Isabelle: Bye!

Hey, Joy! I’m doing great and excited to talk about Geometry Dash. It’s been a major part of my gaming life lately!