Palestine and Israel Conflict by Luna María Ibáñez Balderrama

Type of conflict

a01645292 — 2024-08-20 16:20:53 UTC

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is both territorial and religious in nature. It began due to competing national claims over the land, with Israel seeking to expand its territory, which led to disputes over Palestinian land. Additionally, tensions have been exacerbated by longstanding animosities and political leaders' attitudes, though attributing the conflict solely to personal animosities of individual leaders may oversimplify its complex and multifaceted nature.

Sources: video

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Antecedents of the conflict

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1. Britain takes control:

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Britain took control of the area known as Palestine following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, which ruled that part of the Middle East, in World War One, was inhabited by a minority of jewish and majority of arabs.

2. "National Home" for jews:

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Tensions between the two peoples started when, after "the international community gave the UK the task of establishing a "national home" in Palestine for Jewish people, Jews considered Palestine as their ancestral home, while to Palestinian arabs, it was their actual home, so they both claimed the land as theirs.

3. Refugees

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Between the 1920s and the 1940s the number of jews increased enormously because they found a refugee in Palestine from the Nazis, especially after the Nazi Holocaust

4. The day of Jerusalem:

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Israelites celebrate it with the Flag March, it commemorates Israel's advance on the eastern part of Jerusalem in 1967 (Six Day War) when they took control of the entire city. When Israelis celebrate, Palestinians take it as a provocation, as both sides claim rights to East Jerusalem. Conflict started to arise near the old city of Jerusalem, with attacks from the group Hamas, people started dying from both sides.

5. Violence in Ramadan and eviction of Palestinian families:

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Israeli police started excessive control in Palestine’s religious meetings. This escalated in confrontation between Palestinian citizens and Israeli police. Israelis started to evict Palestinian families to then give their homes to jewish residents. The case of jewish people settling in Palestinian territory has been the cause of tensions for many years.

Solutions to the conflict

a01644670 — 2024-08-21 15:46:58 UTC

1. Two-state solution

a01644670 — 2024-08-21 15:47:46 UTC

The land would be divided according to the borders prior to the 1967 Six-Day War, Jerusalem would be shared or divided to serve as the capital of both states. It would provide Palestine with sovereignity, but also Israel with security.

2. One-state solution

a01644670 — 2024-08-21 15:48:13 UTC

Israel and the Palestinian territories would be merged into a single, democratic state where Jews and Palestinians have equal rights, this way both israelis and palestinians will receive .

3. Confederation model

a01644670 — 2024-08-21 15:49:42 UTC

They would be two different states, independent in some areas and sharing sovereignity over others, this way they would maintain their independence, while cooperating in some key issues like security, water, and economic development

4. International Trusteeship

a01644670 — 2024-08-21 15:50:06 UTC

A neutral international body, like the United Nations, would temporarily govern parts of the territories, especially contested areas like Jerusalem, until a peace agreement is reached; this way a neutral party would manage the most contetious issues.

5. Regional Peace Framework

a01644670 — 2024-08-21 15:50:47 UTC

it would involve a broader regional peace agreement, integrating the Israeli-Palestinian peace process into wider regional dynamics. It could include Arab states normalizing relations with Israel in exchange for significant concessions to the Palestinians.

Events of the conflict

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1. Settlements

In the past 50 years, Israel has built settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, where more than 700,000 Jews now live.

2. Claiming Jerusalem

Israel still claims Jerusalem to be their capital, occupying the West Bank.

3. Arab-Israeli War
In 1948 the Arab-Israeli or the independent war, was the first large-scale conflict between these two countries, this war marked the beginning of the ongoing conflict and had a profound impact on the Middle East.

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4. Creation of Palestine liberation

The Palestinian Liberation Organization was founded in 1964, to represent the Palestinian aspiration to destroy Israel, however some time later the PLO embraced armed struggle, terrorism, and later diplomacy as a means to achieve its goal.

5. Six Day War

In June 1967, was the third war between Arab-Israeli; Israel attacked and destroyed Egypts and Syrian air forces, and also defeated Jordanian attacks; Israel won and with that they occupied territory like Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and West Bank, Old city of Jerusalem and Golan Heights.

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6. Yom Kippur War

1973 Syrian soldiers give up to Israel army.

7. Creation of Gaza Hamas

Creation of Gaza Hamas, in 1897, the Islamic group with the objective of exterminate Israel.

8. Gaza won the Palestinian elections

Hamas won the Palestinian elections in 2006 and seized control of Gaza the next year by ousting the rival Fatah movement of West Bank-based President Mahmoud Abbas, science then, militants in Gaza have fought with Israel ton of times.

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9. Current war

7 October 2023, Hamas starts an invasion to Israel, which is still going.

10. How is Gaza attacking

In 2024, Israel intercepted at least rockets shot directly from Gaza.

Conclusion

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There is no easy or quick solution to the conflict between Israel and Palestine. Solutions will require a multifaceted approach, commitment from both leaders and the populations involved, and likely, an active role from the international community. Any progress towards peace must also take into account the deep historical and emotional wounds, as well as the reality on the ground.

Sources:

a01644177 — 2024-08-21 16:05:43 UTC

BBC NEWS, (2024), Israel Gaza war: History of the conflict explain, https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-44124396

Edward P. Djerejian, Marwan Muasher, Nathan J. Brown, et all. (n.d.). Two states or one? Reappraising the Israeli-Palestinian impasse. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2018/09/two-states-or-one-reappraising-the-israeli-palestinian-impasse?lang=en

National Geographic, (2023), Las fechas clave del conflicto entre Israel y Palestina, https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/fechas-clave-conflicto-entre-israel-palestina_20318

DW, (2023), Cronologia entre Israel y Hamas, https://www.dw.com/es/cronolog%C3%ADa-del-conflicto-entre-israel-y-ham%C3%A1s/a-67071417

American Jewish Committee. (S.f). Timeline: Key events in the Israel-Arab and Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.

https://www.ajc.org/IsraelConflictTimeline