Reconstruction Concept Map by Dara Cassidy

Frederick Douglass

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Inequality

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Inequality is the condition of being unequal; lack of equality

Oppression

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Oppression is an act or instance of oppressing or subjecting to cruel or unjust impositions or restraints.

Resistance

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Resistance is the act of power of resisting, opposing, or withstanding. Many enslaved people resisted when they were enslaved in ways such as running away, rebelling as a group, getting educated, and more.

RECONSTRUCTION

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1865-1877

13th Amendment

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The 13th Amendment states, "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."

14th Amendment

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The 14th Amendment was proposed in 1865 (ratified in 1868) and it defined citizenship for former enslaved people and to keep them safe from violations of their civil rights.

Black U.S. Americans only a few years removed from slavery participated at all levels of government.

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This was supported by the Republican party and by Abraham Lincoln as soon as the Civil War ended. Throughout 1867 and 1869, Black Americans showed for 25% of the delegates to state constitutional conventions. As for the Legislative branch, 18 African Americans served in Congress—2 in the Senate and 16 in the House of Representatives.

U.S. Civil War

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(1861-1865)

This was the war between the Northern and the Southern parts of the United States about slavery being legal. The South wanted slavery and the North did not. The North won and enslaved people were free.

The Underground Railroad

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The Underground Railroad was a group of Northerners opposed to slavery and was created to help enslaved people escape to a free state. They provided the runaway enslaved people with clothing, food, and housing as well as assisting with finding the next person on the Railroad. If a member was discovered, they could be imprisoned or fined. The Railroad helped hundreds, annually, to get to the Northern U.S. or Canada.

Civil Rights Under Attack

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The Prison Industrial Complex

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A term to describe the overlapping interests of the government and the industry that use policing, surveillance, and imprisonment as a way to fix economic, social, and political problems. This became very big after the 13th Amendment banned slavery unless as a punishment to criminals.

Ku Klux Klan & Terrorism

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The Ku Klux Klan was a white supremacy organization that arose in Tennessee in 1865. They briefly faded at the end of Reconstruction but was revived in Georgia in 1915 and continued until the 1930's during the Great Depression. Most of the acts they engaged in were illegal terrorist actions, which meant all the members were loyal to each other and kept their identities a secret. They would rely on scare tactics to intimidate Black people as well as white people who believed in equal rights for all. Members of the Ku Klux Klan (also referred to as the KKK) bombed buildings, committed murders, beat and maimed people, and lynched African Americans who showed their support for equal rights "to strongly."

The founding of many schools, businesses, and communities by African Americans in the South, which helped to promote economic and social advancement for Black people.

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Police Brutality

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Police Brutality is the excessive and/or unwarranted, often illegal, use of force against civilians by U.S. police officers. Forms include mayhem, assault and battery, torture, and murder. A great majority of victims of police brutality are African Americans by primarily white police departments.

Black Lives Matter

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Black Lives Matter (BLM) is one of the biggest social and political movements of the early 21st century in America. The idea came about when a Black woman was shot and killed while being unarmed. The movement came up recently in 2020 due to the death of George Floyd. Many protests have occurred in favor of Black Lives Matter.