In 1271, the Venetian merchant traveler Marco Polo started his legendary journey to the yet unknown east Asia. His narratives, published in 1300 on the “Book of the Marvels of the world”, gave Europe a fist insight into eastern cultural differences, including intriguing details about the great Mongol Empire.

My name is Giovanna, and I have always been passioned about Polo’s history, as I am also an adventurous Venetian. However, it was after reading this outstanding historical record, that I decided to recreate Polo’s steps through the ancient Silk Road.

Modern Mongolia and its Urban Particularities

I chose the Marco Polo statue, located in Ulan Bator (Mongolia’s capital), to be my trip’s starting point. Fortunately, I decided to travel during the summer, since temperatures go down to -30°C in the Mongolian winter. Did you know that ice cream is a traditional delicacy in the cold season? Certainly, there is no need for freezers!

I must confess that I was caught by surprise by many of the Mongolian customs, such as: “Never receive gifts or point at somebody with your left hand and never put out a fire with water”. However, what really chocked me in this big city was the “both handed drive”. In Mongolia, right-handed Japanese vehicles drive alongside left-handed cars, imported from South Korea or the USA. I was so confused! After all, I guess I was born to drive only my Italian Vespa.   

Exploring the Countryside and its Nomad Communities

Following my route, I left the urbanized world and dove into the unique nomadic lifestyle. These citizens dwell in gers (or yurts), portable tents that can be dismantled and transported as they move with their herds in search of grazing land. For them, respect and hospitality are core values, which is why food and drinks are commonly offered to visitor. In this context, and away from Ulan Bator’s international restaurants, I finally discovered Mongolia’s cuisine.

Mongolia’s Traditional Dishes

The basis of Mongolian diet is meat, mainly from animals raised on the vast steppes, (sheep, goat, cattle, horse, and camel) and dairy product, such as yogurt, cheese and butter. When I arrived, the fist thing I tried was “Airag”, a fermented mare’s milk, which was surprisingly delicious. Mongolians also consume milk tea, known as “suutei tsai”, often flavored with salt or butter. But honestly, I didn’t like the taste of it. Another popular recipe is “buuz” (the famous dish from Kung Fu Panda), a super tasty dumpling filled with mutton (sheep meat). Finally, “khuushuur” is a savory fried pastry, usually served during festivities and celebrations.

National Festivals

During my stay, I was lucky enough to watch the “Naadam”, the most important national festival. The event not only includes wrestling, horse racing, and archery competitions, but also celebrates the Mongol warrior history.

Hunting with the help of trained golden eagles is also an honorable, and incredibly interesting, Mongolian tradition. Thus, there is a cultural festival dedicated to it, which awards very specific categories, like “best eagle in hunting prey” and “best eagle in locating its owner from a distance”, for example.

Delving into Mongolia’s Nature

Continuing my amusing journey through Mongolia, I joined an expedition to explore the country’s natural beauty and wildlife. Undoubtedly, my favorite sight was the Hustai National Park, located only 100 km from the capital. There, I was able to admire the rare Przewalski's horses (“takhi” for the natives), which were almost extinct in the 1960s.

A Ghost among the Mountains of Mongolia?

Even though I didn’t see it with my own eyes, I must mention the magnificent and mysterious snow leopard. Although they dwell in several countries across Asia, the second largest population occupies the Mongolia’s mountains. Therefore, the country is crucial for the preservation of this majestic endangered species. “The ghost cats” are rarely seen by humans, which led to many mythological stories involving them. In the Mongolian culture, these animals are sacred and represent the lord of the mountains.

Goodbye Mongolia!

It is a well-known fact that nothing lasts forever, but great experiences create lasting memories. I have deeply enjoyed my stay in Mongolia, and I strongly recommend this trip to all adventurous travelers around the world who aim to expand their cultural knowledge. But don’t suppose I am ready to return to Venice… I will continue to follow Marco Pollo’s steps! The next chapter of this blog, my own “Book of the Marvels of the world”, will be about the wonders of China.

References:

https://marcopolomongolia.com/en/ambassador-of-juan-grant-marco-polo/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo

https://super.abril.com.br/mundo-estranho/7-curiosidades-bizarras-sobre-a-mongolia

https://images.app.goo.gl/Ypx427ED1FDH1pHw5

https://images.app.goo.gl/ix5dbZMm1pC87Fqj6

https://snowleopard.org/our-work/where-we-work/mongolia/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128022139000158#:~:text=The%20rare%20and%20mysterious%20snow,owner%20of%20the%20snowy%20peaks

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/11/wildlife-is-in-crisis-mongolias-struggle-to-restore-species-on-the-brink-aoe

https://insightmongolia.com/guides/33-fun-facts-about-mongolia

https://koryogroup.com/travel-guide/mongolia-facts-mongolia-travel-guide https://www.intrepidtravel.com/adventures/mongolia-facts/

https://www.mongolia-trips.com/driving-ulan-bator-8-things-know

Netherlands has always attracted my attention. Ever since I was a child, I would see pictures of its beautiful tulip fields, windmills and canals, and this awakened in me an enormous desire to learn more about this country. Recently, I had the opportunity to visit Netherlands and, as well as being enchanted by the landscape, I was fascinated by its rich history, its vibrant culture and the way the country manages to balance tradition and modernity. So I decided to write about my impressions and share some curiosities that I think will surprise you.

Why Netherlands?

I chose Netherlends as the subject of this post because it is a country that combines natural beauty with social and technological advances. It's a place where old and new coexist harmoniously. What's more, I'm passionate about countries that value the environment, and Netherlends is a pioneer in sustainable solutions. As I learned more about Dutch history and characteristics, I felt I needed to share this with more people!

-The history of the Netherlands

Holland, also known as the Netherlands, has a long history dating back to the Middle Ages. During the 17th century, known as the “Golden Age”, the country became one of the world's greatest powers, especially for its role in international trade. Amsterdam, the capital, was the financial center of the world at the time, which resulted in a great artistic and cultural flourishing. Artists such as Rembrandt and Vermeer created works that are still recognized worldwide today.

Today, the Netherlands is famous for its modern architecture and respect for its cultural heritage, which is reflected in the many museums and historic buildings throughout the country.

Did you know?

The Netherlands has more bicycles than inhabitants! With more than 22 million bicycles throughout the country, it is one of the most cycle-friendly places in the world.

About a third of the Netherlands is below sea level, and the famous dams and dykes are key to protecting the country from flooding.

The Dutch have one of the healthiest diets in Europe, with a high intake of dairy products and fish.

Architecture and nature

In addition to the beauty of its cities, such as Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the Netherlands is known worldwide for its unique landscapes. The tulip fields, which bloom in spring, create breathtakingly colorful scenery. Windmills, symbols of the country, can be found in almost every region. They were originally used to grind grain and pump water.

Did you know?

The famous Keukenhof Park, located in Lisse, is the largest flower garden in the world. During the spring, more than seven million flowers bloom, attracting tourists from all over the world.

Amsterdam has more canals than Venice! There are 165 canals in all, more than 100 km long.

Culture and Society

The Dutch people are known for their open and progressive mentality. The country was one of the first to legalize same-sex marriage and regulate the use of certain recreational substances. In addition, the Netherlands has a strong sense of community and one of the best social welfare networks in the world.

One of the most interesting aspects of Dutch society is the concept of “gezelligheid”. It's a difficult word to translate, but it refers to a feeling of warmth, friendship and well-being. Being in a “gezellig” place means being in a pleasant environment, surrounded by good company.

Did you know?

The Dutch language has untranslatable words such as “gezellig”, which describes a welcoming feeling, and “uitwaaien”, which means going outside to feel the wind, something considered invigorating for the Dutch.

The Netherlands is the world's largest flower exporter, accounting for around 60% of the global trade in flowers and plants.

Conclusion

Holland is a country that goes far beyond the clichés of tulips and windmills. It is a modern nation with a rich history, welcoming people and great innovations in the environmental and social fields. Each visit to the country brings new discoveries and an even greater appreciation for everything it has to offer. If you've never thought about visiting the Netherlands, maybe it's time to reconsider. I'm sure that, like me, you'll be delighted with everything this small and impressive country has to offer.

References

https://www.eurodicas.com.br/cultura-da-holanda/

https://melissanaholanda.com/20-costumes-culturais-dos-holandeses/

https://www.yazigi.com.br/noticias/viagens/6-curiosidades-sobre-a-holanda-que-voce-precisa-saber

https://www.hotcourses.com.br/study-in-netherlands/once-you-arrive/10-curiosidades-sobre-a-holanda/

https://blog.archtrends.com/arquitetura-holandesa/

https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/geografia/paises-baixos.htm#:~:text=Os%20Pa%C3%ADses%20Baixos%2C%20conhecidos%20tamb%C3%A9m,da%20Uni%C3%A3o%20Europeia%20(UE).

Students:

Henrique Calgaro 00022

Tavares 00019

Matheus Fernandes 18245

Porciuncula 15200

Osorio 35813

Lambretch 01047

Last month I decided to travel alone to Australia. I am from Brazil and I thought the countries would not be so different, but I had experiences there that I would never have in my hometown. Let me tell you a little bit about my trip!

·         Getting to know Australia

Australia, often referred to as the "Land Down Under," is a vast and diverse country known for its stunning landscapes, vibrant cities and rich culture. I was amazed to visit the Outback and visit the streets of Sydney. You can clearly see how many different styles of living the country has.

For those familiar with the Brazilian culture, you know that there are many ways of living contrasting with each other there, but let’s focus in the Australian way of living!

·         The Australian lifestyle 

During my long walks in the streets of Australia, I saw a fusion of its British colonial past, Indigenous heritage and multicultural present. I also came to the conclusion that the country's size and varied climate influence the daily life, encourage more outdoor activities.

Australians are known for their laid-back attitude and a strong emphasis on leisure and work-life balance. I met some locals during my trip and I totally agree with that!

·          Food culture

I tried too eat in different restaurants everyday, in order to really absorb the local culinary. I think the food there is a blend of international influences with a strong focus on the local ingredients. While the Brazilian cuisine is celebrated for its flavorful dishes like “feijoada” and a variety of street foods, Australia’s food culture often centers on the barbecue. Unlike the traditional Brazilian “churrasco”, though, Australian barbecues feature a variety of grilled items, including seafood! That is one of the biggest cultural shocks I had.

The country’s seafood is really enjoyed by everyone that lives or visits the place, given its extensive coastline. Sydney’s seafood markets offer a complete menu, including the Pacific oysters and many others traditional foods.

·          Geography and Nature

Did you know that Australia has one of the most remarkable UNESCO World Heritage site? The Great Barrier Reef is a real “must go” when you visit the country. I was mesmerized by the massive coral reef, but even more by the beautiful things that you can take a look at underwater when you go scuba diving and snorkeling.

Australia is almost the whole Oceania continent. The capital is Canberra, although most people (including me) has at least once thought that the capital was Sydney. Australians are passionate about doing outdoor activities such as surfing, and beach sports. Even though in Brazil you already see this passion, in Australia that is something that really caught my attention.

In the end of my trip, I started to compare how I imagined my trip would be like and how it actually went. My conclusion was: Australia and Brazil have both similarities and differences, but the experiences you are going to have there will be with you for the rest of your life. When you have a chance to visit the country, do not think twice, because you will not regret getting to know more about this extraordinary culture!

Bibliography:

https://optimaintercambio.com.br/blog/turismo/voce-sabe-qual-e-a-capital-da-australia

https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/geografia/australia.htm

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia

https://australianstogether.org.au/discover-and-learn/our-cultures/kinship

https://www.worldpackers.com/pt-BR/articles/interesting-facts-about-australia

https://youtu.be/EZrKx_ilVvc?si=3LIv27SYH8IVM-Zr

students: de Castro, Clementel, Ferrador, Magnus, Bittencourt.

When people think of Taiwan, they often picture a small island in East Asia known for its booming economy and technological advances. However, what truly inspired me to write about this country was its rich cultural heritage and the differences it presents compared to other countries in the region. My personal interest in Taiwan arose during my research on Asian cultures. I was fascinated by how its traditions, values, and customs differ from places like mainland China or Japan.

In a globalized world like ours, understanding the cultural subtleties of a place is essential for fostering meaningful connections. As someone who loves to travel and discover new cultures, I wanted to dive deeper into what makes Taiwan so unique, highlighting some lesser-known facts and cultural aspects.

1. China's Influence and Taiwan's Unique Identity

Taiwan has a complex relationship with China, as both share deep historical and cultural ties. The majority of Taiwan’s population is ethnically Han Chinese, which means that many of the country’s customs and traditions originate from Chinese culture. However, Taiwan has developed its own unique cultural identity. Unlike mainland China, where the government tightly controls culture and media, Taiwan stands out for its freedom of expression, democracy, and openness to external influences.

For instance, while traditional festivals like Lunar New Year are celebrated in both places, Taiwan has its own variations of these traditions, incorporating influences from indigenous and foreign cultures.

2. The Indigenous Heritage

Many are unaware that Taiwan is home to several indigenous tribes who inhabited the island long before Chinese settlers arrived. These tribes have their own languages, dances, and rituals, which are still preserved in remote parts of the country.

Did You Know?

Some of Taiwan's indigenous tribes, such as the Amis and the Atayal, are known for their vibrant dances and unique folk music. Indigenous culture influences everything from local cuisine to handicrafts. Although indigenous people make up around 2% of the population, their cultural heritage is prominently celebrated.

3. A Blend of Modernity and Tradition

One of the most fascinating aspects of Taiwan is how the country balances modernity with tradition. A stroll through Taipei, the capital, reveals futuristic skyscrapers like Taipei 101 standing side by side with centuries-old Buddhist and Taoist temples.

While Taiwan is a hub of technological innovation, respect for ancestors and traditional values, such as family and education, remain strong. Spiritual traditions, such as temple offerings and family rituals, are still deeply woven into daily life.

4. Street Food Culture

It’s impossible to talk about Taiwan without mentioning its food culture. Taiwan is famous for its “night markets,” where street food is a major attraction. The country offers unique dishes such as the infamous "stinky tofu" (fermented tofu) and glutinous rice dumplings.

Did You Know?

Taiwan has one of the highest numbers of night markets per square kilometer in the world! At these markets, you can find a mix of local flavors and international influences. Taiwanese people are known for their love of food, and the street food scene reflects this vibrant part of their culture.

5. Festivals and Religious Beliefs

Religion in Taiwan is a fascinating blend of Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese folk beliefs. People frequently visit temples to make offerings and seek blessings. The Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Ghost Festival are among the most celebrated in the country.

Did You Know?

During the Dragon Boat Festival, intense boat races shaped like dragons take place in rivers and lakes across the country. These events are accompanied by traditional music and celebrations that date back over 2,000 years.

6. Openness to the World

Although Taiwan maintains deep cultural roots, it is also very open to international influences. This is reflected not only in architecture and modern lifestyles but also in the growing popularity of international pop culture, such as K-pop and Western music.

Taiwan has a progressive attitude in many areas. It was the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage, standing out as a nation that balances its traditions with the need for change and inclusion.

Conclusion

Taiwan is undoubtedly one of the most intriguing cultural destinations in the world. Its mix of tradition and modernity, indigenous and Chinese heritage, and openness to new influences make Taiwan a truly unique place. If you’re seeking a country that offers a rich tapestry of cultures and experiences, Taiwan is the perfect destination.

Whether you're a history lover, a food enthusiast, or simply curious about new cultures, Taiwan will surely captivate you with its cultural differences and warm hospitality.

Referências:

Ministry of Culture, Taiwan (para informações oficiais sobre a cultura taiwanesa)

Lonely Planet Taiwan (guia de viagens com foco em cultura e tradições locais)

Encyclopedia Britannica (informações sobre a história e etnografia de Taiwan)

Taipei Times ou Focus Taiwan (para artigos de atualidades e cultura)

Books on Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples (publicações acadêmicas sobre as tribos aborígenes de Taiwan)

As I sift through a dusty box of old photographs, memories from my time as an exchange student in India flood back like vibrant colors spilling from an artist's palette. Those five months were transformative, filled with moments that challenged me and taught me more than I could have imagined. Today, I want to share some insights into the incredible tapestry of life in India, touching on food, festivals, languages, lifestyle, geography, and history.

Food: A Spicy Awakening

Indian cuisine is renowned for its bold flavors, and I still remember my first encounter with a plate of spicy curry. Coming from a bland English diet, I found the heat overwhelming! The blend of spices—cumin, coriander, turmeric—was a world away from my usual fish and chips. At first, I struggled to adjust, often sweating profusely over meals, but as time went on, my palate evolved. I learned to appreciate the complexity of flavors, and I can proudly say that I now crave a good vindaloo!

Festivals: A Celebration of Life

One of the highlights of my stay was experiencing India's vibrant festivals. Diwali, the Festival of Lights, lit up my world with fireworks and joyful celebrations. The colors, sounds, and the sense of community were breathtaking. Each festival I attended, from Holi to Eid, offered a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Indian culture. These celebrations taught me the importance of community and the joy of sharing in collective happiness, something that resonated deeply with me.

Languages: The Challenge of Communication

With over 1,600 languages spoken across the country, I quickly realized that communication would be a challenge. My initial attempts at Hindi were met with amused smiles, and I often found myself resorting to gestures to get my point across. There were days I felt like giving up, but persistence paid off. The kindness of my hosts and classmates helped me navigate this linguistic labyrinth, and slowly but surely, I began to understand the nuances of Hindi and even picked up a few words of Punjabi and Bengali along the way.

Lifestyle: A Different Pace

The lifestyle in India was a stark contrast to my own. The bustling streets of Varanasi, with their chaos and color, were both exhilarating and overwhelming. I learned to embrace the rhythm of life there, where time seemed fluid and the days were filled with the laughter of children, the calls of vendors, and the occasional honk of a rickshaw. It was a beautiful reminder to slow down and savor the moment, something I had often overlooked back home.

Geography: The Land of Diversity

India's geography is as diverse as its culture. From the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas to the tropical beaches of Goa, every region boasts its unique charm. Varanasi, nestled along the Ganges River, holds a special place in my heart. Watching the sun rise over the ghats, with the river flowing gracefully, was a spiritual experience that grounded me in the moment. The geography shaped not only the landscape but also the way people lived and interacted with their environment.

History: A Rich Tapestry

India's history is a complex narrative of empires, invasions, and cultural exchanges. As I explored ancient temples and bustling markets, I gained a deeper appreciation for the country’s past. The stories of resilience and triumph that echo through the ages became a part of my understanding of India. It was fascinating to see how history informed contemporary life and attitudes, and I often found myself pondering the connections between past and present.

Farewell to India

As I prepare to close this chapter of my life, I feel a mixture of sadness and gratitude. India, with its challenges and triumphs, has forever changed me. I came as a stranger, unsure of what to expect, and left with a heart full of memories and lessons. My experience taught me resilience, adaptability, and the beauty of embracing different cultures.

To India, I say thank you. Thank you for the spicy food that taught me to appreciate flavor, the festivals that filled my heart with joy, the languages that expanded my worldview, and the geography and history that enriched my understanding of humanity. You will always hold a special place in my heart, and I look forward to returning one day. Until then, I carry your spirit with me, a vibrant reminder of a journey that will forever influence who I am. FUN FACTS: Did you know? India has Sacred Rats

The rat is a sacred animal for many Indians because of Ganesha, a god of Hinduism. That’s why, in India, it is perfectly normal to see rats being fed and respected in temples. Cricket is the main sport in India. This sport is considered a national passion. Millions of fans across the country support their teams in the IPL (Indian Premier League), which generates a huge amount of money and features the best players in the world. Furthermore, when the Indian National Team competes in a championship like the Cricket World Cup, the entire country stops to watch and support their players.

THE ARRIVAL:

Japan is located to the east of the Asian continent, and this is quite far from my home, in Brazil. Our flight took almost 40 hours and when we arrived, I was very hungry! My joy was to have dinner in a traditional restaurant, full of typical foods. Do you know the Okonomiyaki? They are delicious savory pancakes, made with cabbage leaves and seasoned with seafood, a specialty of Japanese cuisine!

ON THE STREETS OF TOKYO:

The Japanese Economic Miracle caused the country to recover quickly after being devastated in World War II, making its cities major technological centers. Tokyo, the Japanese capital, was no different. In my opinion, the city is very beautiful, full of illuminated signs, huge buildings and lots and lots of culture. As we strolled through the streets of Tokyo, what caught my attenttion were the elements of ancestral tradition. In the midst of so many technologies, we have seen many ancient porticoes and architectures based on ancestry (such as the Kawara roofs and the Kohtei pavilions), and some elderly Japanese still maintain the custom of wearing traditional costumes (such as the Kimono and Yukata). Did you know that Tokyo has specific places to smoke in public? If you smoke outside of these places you can be fined!

IN HARAJUKU, THE FASHION NEIGHBORHOOD:

Harajuku is located in Shibuya City, a special ward in the Japanese capital, and is a true festival of fashion, colors and pop culture. The neighborhood is very famous for selling alternative, extravagant clothing with extreme styles aimed mainly at the young female audience. When we went to visit this place, I think I was one of the only teenagers not dressed in anime! In this neighborhood, I made friends with a girl named Miyuki, who told me a little more about the history of Harajuku. She told me that the place became popular around the 90s and 2000s due to the eccentric and decorated clothes of those who frequented it, such as street artists, contributing to the visual kei movement (Japanese visual and musical movement that sought extravagance in both clothes and music). Miyuki invited me to try the famous Harajuku crepes. I think it was one of the best street foods I've ever eaten!

SOME BEAUTIFUL TOURIST POINTS:

One of the places Dad most looked forward to visiting in Japan was Matsumoto Castle. Built entirely in wood, the Castle is almost 500 years old! At night, we saw the Castle's light show, which brings many references to the ancestral Japanese culture.

On our trip, we couldn't miss visiting the Japanese cherry blossom plantations! Known as Sakura, cherry trees are a symbol of joy and peace, very present in paintings and decorations. Did you know that cherry trees are used to indicate the end of the winter period? I loved the smell of cherry blossoms so much that I even brought a little seedling home!

During our stay, we also got to know the beautiful Catharas of Nachi! It seems that I can still see the drops falling from 133 meters high!

A SMALL SCARE AND THE RETURN HOME:

Our last few days in Japan gave us some gray hairs! Mom and I had gone out to buy some souvenirs and, suddenly... an earthquake! I had never experienced an earthquake before, so I was very scared! I started crying like a child as Mom pulled me to safety. The Japanese, already used to seismic shocks, helped us to take shelter and, after a few minutes, everything was calm again.

After a few days, we were returning to Brazil again, already full of nostalgia for Japan. It was a wonderful experience to be able to experience (at least a little bit) this very special place! I hope you also have the opportunity to get to know Japan! See you later!

REFERENCES:

https://www.superprof.com.br/blog/falando-o-idioma-niponico/#:~:text=A%20verdade%20%C3%A9%20que%20a,seis%20anos%20no%20ensino%20m%C3%A9dio.

https://www.superprof.com.br/blog/dormindo-no-japao/

https://www.sp.br.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_pt/gastronomia.html

https://arakakisensei.com/2022/02/como-e-morar-no-japao/

https://www.sabra.org.br/site/lendas-japonesas/

https://www.japanhousesp.com.br/stories/sakura-a-famosa-floracao-da-cerejeira-no-japao/

https://www.japan.travel/pt/guide/theater/

https://www.almadeviajante.com/costumes-japoneses/#:~:text=Muito%20respeitosos%20e%20reverenciais%2C%20os,as%20rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20interpessoais%20s%C3%A3o%20descuradas.

https://www.japan.travel/pt/guide/understanding-and-mastering-japanese-manners-and-etiquette/

https://brasil.elpais.com/cultura/2021-07-12/a-historia-do-japao-pelas-cerejeiras-que-ja-foram-sequestradas-por-kamikazes-e-resgatadas-por-um-jardineiro-como-simbolo-

https://www.djapa.com.br/blog/comida-japonesa/comida-japonesa-entenda-os-principais-pratos/

https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3006.html

 https://www.tudosobretoquio.com/harajuku

 https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-ukiyo-e-artists-you-need-to-know/BQKC6o0k2oBRLA

 https://aesthetics.fandom.com/wiki/Harajuku_Fashion

 https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harajuku

https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_kei

As a group, we share a passion for learning about different cultures. France stood out to us because of its unique cultural practices, its prominent role in world history, and its undeniable impact on the arts.

French Culture and Etiquette: A World of Its Own

One of the first things I discovered when researching France was the importance of manners and social customs in daily life. The French are known for valuing politeness, especially in formal settings. Simple gestures like greeting with a “bonjour” upon entering a store are expected. The French lifestyle is quite different from what we see in many other countries.

One of the most interesting aspects of French society is its strong tradition of laïcité, or secularism. The French take the separation of church and state very seriously, which shapes many aspects of public life, including education and politics. It’s fascinating to see how this impacts day-to-day life in the country.

Curiosity Point: France has 44 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including landmarks like Notre-Dame Cathedral, Mont Saint-Michel, and the Palace of Versailles. The country's geographic and historical diversity contributes to this vast cultural wealth.

Artistic Wonders of France: The Love for Art and Fashion

Paris, the capital of France, is famously known as "The City of Lights" or “The City of Love” and the birthplace of haute couture. The influence of French fashion on the world is immeasurable, with designers like Coco Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Christian Dior leaving there marks on the industry. I learn that in France, fashion is not just about what you wear: it's a cultural and artistic expression deeply woven into the fabric of society.

Paris is also home to the Louvre Museum, the world’s largest art museum, housing masterpieces like the Mona Lisa and the Venus de Milo.

Did you know that the Louvre Museum in Paris is the largest art museum in the world? It’s home to over 38,000 pieces of art. With more than 10 million visitors each year, it’s truly a mecca for art lovers.

France was also the birthplace of Impressionism, one of the most revolutionary art movements of the 19th century. Artists like Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir changed the way we see the world by focusing on light and movement rather than precise details. The next time you look at a Monet painting, notice how the brushstrokes seem to bring the scene to life with light!

Curiosity Point: Have you ever wondered why Paris is called the "City of Light"? Contrary to popular belief, it’s not just because of the city’s beauty. In the 17th century, Paris was one of the first cities in the world to have public street lighting, making it safer and more welcoming after dark.

Fascinanting Gastronomy: A Taste of French Cuisine

French cuisine renowned for its sophistication and flavor. From croissants to more elaborate dishes like foie gras and escargot, French food is considered one of the most refined in the world!

As a food enthusiast, French cuisine never ceases to amaze me. France is known for its cheese. From the creamy camembert to the bold roquefort, each region in France offers its own unique flavors.

And of course, we can't talk about French food without mentioning the baguette. The iconic French bread is more than just a symbol of the country – it’s a part of everyday life. In fact, the way the French make and consume baguettes is so important that in 2022, it was added to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list. A crispy baguette with some butter or cheese... what could be better?

And then there’s French gastronomy, famous for its refinement and complexity. Some of the world’s best chefs are French, and many of the finest dining experiences you’ll find are in Michelin restaurants throughout the country. French cuisine really does take food to the next level.

Curiosity Point: France is know for its 1,000 different types of cheese.

The Mysterious Catacombs of Paris

One of the most intriguing places in France is the Catacombs of Paris. Located in former underground quarries, hold the remains of over six million Parisians, transferred during the 18th and 19th centuries to address overcrowded cemeteries. This ossuary offers a glimpse into the city's history, with bones arranged artistically alongside inscriptions that reflect on life and death. The 2 km of tunnels are a popular tourist attraction, situated beneath the Montparnasse area. Visitors can access the site at Denfert-Rochereau, where the interior temperature remains around 14°C.

Exploring France is like diving into a world full of history, culture, and art. From the bustling streets of Paris to the charming rural areas, it’s country where every corner seems to tell a story, whether through its art, food, or deep-rooted traditions. If you haven't had the chance to visit France yet, I recommend adding it to your list of destinations. You’ll leave with a new perspective on the world!

And the final curiosity point... France is the world’s most visited country, with around 90 million tourists from across the globe every year!

REFERENCES

https://www.parisperfect.com/plan-your-trip/things-to-see/monuments-landmarks/catacombs.php

https://www.catacombes.paris.fr/en

https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd5DKToXYTKAQ6khzewww2g

https://www.paris-restaurant-pur.fr/homepage-en?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw0t63BhAUEiwA5xP54Trdzx9e0d90RHsiRexmCEFWGSLzkg8fEl11UAuseJ-4IU3NcNblwhoCyzcQAvD_BwE

https://www.campusfrance.org/en/culinary-specialties-French-gastronomy

Last year I got really interested in Argentina and this year I finally got to visit it! This amazing country is known for its lively culture, delicious food, and stunning landscapes. I wanted to share what I learned about Argentina because it’s such a unique place with so much to do. Let’s dive into the cool things this country has to offer!

The Diverse Landscape

Argentina ranks as the eighth-largest country in the world, extending from the Andes mountains to the Atlantic Ocean. This allows for a variety of landscapes, from snowy peaks to stunning beaches. The combination of different environments makes Argentina fascinating to explore, with each region offering its own distinct vibe. I personally loved the beaches, like the Mar del Plata, which has lots of beachside bars, restaurants, and beach sports, where i met lots of locals that told me about their culture.

A Mix of Cultures

In my opinion, one of the coolest things about Argentina is its rich culture. It’s a mixture of cultures from indigenous people and European immigrants, especially from Spain and Italy. Also, while visiting I saw that family is one of the most valued thing there, especially during meals, where they all unite to eat and talk to eachother.

Did You Know?

Argentina is the birthplace of tango, dance that started in Buenos Aires almost 200 years ago. It mixes African, European, and indigenous music styles, and today it’s famous all over the world. I could see it with my own eyes, it was so cool!

Argentines love drinking mate, a traditional tea made from yerba mate leaves. Sharing mate with friends is a big social thing there, and just a heads up: Don´t touch the bombilla!

Amazing Art and Architecture

When I visited Argentina, I could see a mix of old and new in its art and buildings. Buenos Aires has beautiful European-style architecture, with beautiful buildings that tell stories that happend in the county. There is also a vibrant art scene with lots of galleries and museums featuring the work of local artists.

A Visual Journey

When you see the mesmorizing places Argentina has to offer your jaw will drop. From the snow capped peaks from the Andes moutains, to waters of the Iguazu falls, and all of the artworks produced many years ago and are still being produced to day, I just can´t express how much I loved going there.

Conclusion: Why should you go there?

After learning about Argentina, I’m really inspired by its lively culture. The combination of traditions, delicious food, and beautiful landscapes makes it a fantastic place to visit. I hope my visit to Argentina encourage you to learn more about this amazing country. Every culture has its own story to tell, and Argentina is definitely one that’s full of joy and connection!

Al Couto t104 n 05057

Al romano t104 n 35781

Al ameba t104

Oh, Greece! Ever since I was a kid, I’ve been enchanted by the tales of its ancient history and vibrant culture. Seriously, it feels like the cradle of civilization isn’t just a phrase; it’s a feeling! A couple of weeks ago, I finally made the leap to explore this beautiful country, eager to uncover the cultural differences that make it so uniquely captivating.

Why Did I Pick Greece?

So, why Greece, you ask? Well, I can’t help but feel a spark every time I think about its glorious past, the stunning architecture that tells stories of old, and let’s not forget the food! My mouth waters just thinking about it! From the moment I arrived, I knew I was in for one of the best experiences of my life.

A Land Sunk in History

Stepping into Greece feels like walking through a living museum. With its picturesque landscapes and iconic landmarks like the Acropolis in Athens and the ruins of Delphi, every corner whispers tales of mythology and history. But beyond those ancient stones, it’s the warm hospitality, mouthwatering food, and vibrant festivals that truly make Greece feel like home. I met so many nice people along the way, I really felt like a native.

The Importance of Family and Community

Family in Greece isn’t just important; it’s everything! Here, social life revolves around those deep family bonds that often stretch beyond just parents and siblings. Extended families gather frequently, living close to one another, and I found it so heartwarming! It made me reflect on how different this is from many Western cultures, where independence tends to take center stage.

Did You Know...?

The Greek word for family, "oikogeneia," isn’t just about blood relatives—it also includes close friends who become family. My heart absolutely melted when I learned that! It’s such a beautiful way to think about relationships.

A Different Approach to Time

Now, let’s chat about time. Oh boy, if only I could bring this relaxed attitude back home! Greeks have a wonderfully laid-back approach to punctuality. While I’m used to racing against the clock, here it’s all about savoring the moment. If you’re invited to dinner at 8 PM, don’t be shocked if you don’t actually eat until 9 PM—it's all part of the experience! I was susrprised at first when my relatives told me about this tradition, but I promise you won't regret the wait!

Did You Know...?

The term "Greek time" embodies this easy-going attitude. It’s a delightful reminder that sometimes, life is about enjoying the company rather than sticking strictly to the clock. I wish in my country they thought that way.

Typical Cuisine

Oh, the food! Greek cuisine is like a love letter to the Mediterranean diet. Meals here are meant to be shared—think communal dining with dishes served family-style. From the rich, layered moussaka to succulent souvlaki and creamy tzatziki, every bite is a celebration of flavor. And don’t even get me started on Greek yogurt; it’s like a little taste of heaven!

Festivals: A Celebration of Heritage

If you want to experience the heart of Greece, you have to dive into its lively festivals. These gatherings, whether it’s the joyous Apokries (Carnival) or the charming Panigiri, are bursting with music, dancing, and, of course, amazing food! They truly showcase the essence of Greek culture and the joy of coming together. When I arrived, the Apokries was still happening, so I can definitely say it was a magical experience!

Did You Know...?

One of the highlights is the Athens Epidaurus Festival, where ancient Greek drama and music come to life in historic theaters during the summer. It’s like stepping into a time machine, and it draws visitors from all over the globe, me included!

Conclusion

Exploring Greece has opened my eyes to a culture that treasures family, community, and rich traditions. Each cultural difference I discovered deepened my appreciation for the beautiful tapestry of human experiences around the world. I hope my journey inspires you to dive into the wonders of Greece and uncover its incredible traditions for yourself!

References:

Comida grega: principais pratos típicos da culinária da Grécia (fuiserviajante.com)

Tudo sobre a Grécia: conheça as principais características do país - Euro Dicas

Grécia: 23 erros para você não cometer na primeira viagem! (melhoresdestinos.com.br)

Roteiro Grécia: o melhor das ilhas em 7, 15 ou 20 dias de viagem (maladeaventuras.com)

Grécia Antiga: sociedade, política, cultura e economia - Toda Matéria (todamateria.com.br)

Cultura Grega: aspectos e características principais e resumo (suapesquisa.com)

https://www.bing.com/search?q=grecia+cultura+atualmente&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&lq=0&pq=grecia+cultura+atualme&sc=9-22&sk=&cvid=462F1110270A4C5E9AA52C76FC94D4B8&ghsh=0&ghacc=0&ghpl=

Japan has become a very popular trip destination in the last few years, due to anime and manga becoming more and more popular. When deciding where to go I decided that Tokyo would be a good option, it had both the historical and the modern, all in one bustling city. In this post I'll tell how the trip went, highlighting some things you should and shouldn’t do, based on my experience.

First things first

旅館 ( ryokan)

The first thing I did on my trip was check-in at the hotel. The place I stayed was a traditional Japanese inn, a ryokan. One of the first mistakes I made was wearing shoes inside.In many Japanese hotels, especially ryokans,  you are expected to take off your shoes at the entrance. One of the staff there kindly warned me about it and gave me the indoor slippers. 

《 Did you know?》

The oldest ryokan in Japan is the Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan, founded as an onsen in 705 and turned into a ryokan in 1997. The oldest operating ryokan is Hōshi Ryokan, operating since 718 under 46 generations of the same family, imaging it a record holder in Japan and the world!

 温泉 ( onsen)

 After leaving my luggage I decided to visit the nearby onsen, a communal hot spring. Depending on the onsen, they might not allow people with tattoos, since they are still heavily associated with criminals, such as the yakuza. The one I visited did not allow visitors to wear bathing suits in the water. I was so scared! But in the end, everyone was minding their own business and didn't even look at me.  And bathe before going in, not after,  the water must be clean, after all! Also, drink enough water, I wasn't warned about that,so I got really dehydrated when leaving the spring.

《Did you know?》

One of the reasons Japan has so many onsens is the geography of the country. With over a 100 active volcanoes it lends itself to the presence of natural hot springs, which many claim have healing properties.

定食 ( teishoku)

One of the best ways to learn about a culture is through the food. From street food vendors to old and traditional restaurants, Japanese food has something for everyone. This was one the highlights of my trip, the place i went to was a teishoku, a set menu restaurant where you choose the main dish , it comes with many side dishes and it's very filling and affordable! One thing I learned later, and it embarasses me to think I did that, was that sticking your chopsticks, hashi, upright in the rice bowl is wrong, since this is done as an offering to the deceased. The meal was great. I tasted some sake and ate mochi, a bun made with sticky rice and a sweet filling. I left the tip at the table, paid for the meal, and as i left the restaurant, a waitress came running after me, with the tipping money in her hand, apparently, tipping is not customary there, and can be seen as rude, thankfully they realized it was a small misunderstanding and didn't scold me.

《Did you know?》

In Japan fruit tends to be much more expensive. This has to do with the mountainous terrain, making agriculture more expensive and limited. What Japanese fruit lacks in quantity it makes up in quality, because of the care that is put into growing them. Because of this, they are often given as gifts.

 Saving the best for last : 明治神宮 (Meiji Jingū)

After visiting many places I went to Harajuku. In that same neighborhood is the Meiji - Jingu Shrine, and since it was the last day of my trip, I thought “why not?” and decided to visit, maybe I could get an amulet to give me luck. When entering i saw some people around a water fountain, the temizu, a place to purify yourself before entering. You're supposed to wash your hands and rinse your mouth there. The shrine was built in 1920, to honor the emperor Meiji and empress Shoken, who started to modernize Japan. After walking around through the serene green scenery, that contrasts with Tokyo’s modern and busy landscape, I bought a small yellow amulet, meant for good fortune, there were others, for protection against evil, good luck in studies, etc.

《Did you know?》 

When entering a Shinto shrine gate ( a Tori gate), you shouldn't walk through the middle, since it is believed that is where the shrine deity passes through. Instead, walk near the columns of the gate.

さよならまたいつか

Goodbye and see you sometime! This trip was everything that i hoped for and even more. Ill be definitely coming back soon enough. Hopefully this post was useful for you, whether you are going to visit Japan soon,or if you are considering it. 

また後で! (see you later!) 

References

https://sugoii-japan.com/ryokan-etiquette 

https://livejapan.com/en/article-a0003666/ 

https://sugoii-japan.com/best-temples-shrines-tokyo 

https://www.meijijingu.or.jp/en/ 

https://www.meijijingu.or.jp/en/etiquette/

https://www.meijijingu.or.jp/en/feelshinto/5.php

https://cotoacademy.com/26-things-you-should-not-do-in-japan/

https://www.abroadinjapan.com/content-579-what-not-to-do-in-a-japanese-hotel-room

https://www.informationisbeautifulawards.com/showcase/2164-japan-facts-curiosities

https://mountainplums.com/blog/types-of-japanese-restaurants/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishiyama_Onsen_Keiunkan

https://www.izakayarin.com.au/blog/19-interesting-japanese-food-facts/

https://livejapan.com/en/article-a0003677/

Knowing Mexico

Mexico has a very rich history, marked by the war of independence against Spain and the wars against the United States. This war against the US was very bad for Mexico, as it lost very important places in modern times, such as California and Texas. These exciting histories, together with its diverse cuisine, culture and football tradition, were the reasons that led me to visit Mexico.

During my stay, I was treated very well by the Mexicans. Brazil and Mexico have very good diplomatic relations, and the people like us very much, especially the Brazilian national team.

National  Festivals

During my time in Mexico, I was lucky enough to witness the "Día de los Muertos", which is without a doubt one of the most iconic festivals in the country. Celebrated on November 1st and 2nd, it is an indigenous day to honor the deceased and allow souls to visit their living relatives. During these days, Mexican streets and houses are adorned with skeletons, all dressed in clothes and decorations. According to tradition, they are responsible for welcoming the souls returning to visit their families, along with the supercolorful altars for the dead, known as “offerings”, filled with marigold flowers, candles, and food.

The most impressive aspect of this festival is the way it balances reverence and joy. For Mexicans, the vibrant colors and symbolism, they represent a way to celebrate life and keep alive the memory of those who have passed, transforming mourning into an occasion for unity and homage. I was in the city of Oaxaca, which is one of the best places to experience the "Día de los Muertos" in Mexico. Its celebrations are grandiose, with the Xoxocotlán cemetery, located in the capital, is a must-visit to observe the offerings and decorations, creating a festive atmosphere, which is at the same time an atmosphere of emotion and respect.

Local Culinary

My experience with Mexican cuisine was unforgettable. Tacos became my favorites, but I can’t forget about guacamole, a delicious mix of mashed avocado, chopped onion, tomato, and pepper. This creamy and refreshing combination was delightful. Pozole, a comforting soup made with corn and meat, enchanted me with its flavor. Chili, with its blend of beans and meat, was perfect for warming up on cold days. I learned to make burritos filled with cheese, beans, and meat, wrapped in a soft tortilla, which became a delicious snack. Each meal celebrated Mexican culture, connecting me with the people and the land.

In addition, I had the opportunity to try other incredible dishes, such as quesadilla, filled with cheese and sometimes accompanied by mushrooms or zucchini blossoms. The enchiladas, tortillas filled and topped with sauce, were an explosion of flavor and varied in fillings like chicken or beef. The mole poblano, with its rich combination of chiles, chocolate, and spices, surprised me with its complexity of flavors. Each of these dishes contributed to my appreciation for the richness of Mexican cuisine.

Sports in Mexico

Sport in Mexico is practiced in different modalities and organized by national sports confederations, the main one being the Mexican Olympic Committee. Football is the most popular sport in Mexico, followed by boxing, baseball, basketball, golf, mixed martial arts (MMA), wrestling and charreada are also enjoyed.

I also had the opportunity to watch a Charreada race. Charreada is one of Mexico's national sports, which consists of a series of equestrian events. It is a style of rodeo developed by the people of Mexico who were interested in keeping charro traditions alive. A charro is a term that refers to a traditional Mexican horseman or cowboy, originating in the State of Jalisco.

Did You Know?

Mexico will host the World Cup in 2026, along with the United States and Canada. It will be the third time that the country will host the event. The first time that Mexico hosted, in 1970, Brazil was the champion of the World Cup, making Mexicans develop a great affection for Brazil.

Conclusion

In conclusion, my trip to Mexico was an unforgettable experience filled with rich history, vibrant culture, and delicious food. From the warmth of the people to the excitement of the "Día de los Muertos," I felt a deep connection to the country and its traditions. The mix of joy and reverence during the festival, combined with the flavorful dishes I tried, made my visit truly special. I left Mexico with cherished memories and a newfound appreciation for its culture, and I can't wait to return someday.

References:

- https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esporte_no_M%C3%A9xico

- https://www.socilink.com/noticias/gastronomia-mexicana-patrimonio-imaterial-da-humanidade/

- https://www.todamateria.com.br/dia-muertos/

- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_dos_Mortos

- https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/geografia/mexico.htm

Italy, with its rich history, incredible food, and stunning landscapes, is a country that offers endless opportunities for exploration. Whether you’re an art lover, a foodie, a history buff, or simply someone who enjoys breathtaking scenery, Italy has something to offer. If you’ve never been to Italy or are thinking about your next visit, this post will offer you an inside look into what makes this country so captivating!

A Land Steeped in History

Italy’s history stretches back thousands of years, from the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and each period has left its mark. Walking through Rome feels like stepping back in time, with the Colosseum, the Pantheon, and the Roman Forum standing as reminders of the grandeur of ancient Rome. Did you know that The Colosseum could hold up to 80,000 spectators in its prime, and it was used not only for gladiator battles but also for mock naval battles? The Romans would actually flood the arena to recreate epic sea battles!

Italian Cuisine

One cannot talk about Italy without mentioning its world-famous cuisine. Pizza, pasta, and gelato are just the tip of the iceberg. Each region has its own specialties, from the rich and hearty dishes of the north to the lighter, Mediterranean-inspired fare of the south!

Art and Architecture that Inspire

Italy has been home to some of the greatest artists and architects the world has ever known. Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael all left indelible marks on Italy’s artistic landscape. Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance, is a city where you can spend days wandering its museums and galleries, soaking in centuries of creativity.

The different "Italys"

Italy is not just about its famous cities. Each region has its own distinct culture, dialects, and traditions. From the rolling hills of Tuscany to the dramatic coastlines of Amalfi, and the vineyards of Piedmont to the stunning lakes of Lombardy, every part of Italy offers something unique. Did you know that Italy is home to three active volcanoes? They are Mount Etna, Stromboli, and Mount Vesuvius. Vesuvius is most famous for its eruption, which buried the Roman citiy of Pompeii under ash and pumice.

A Country of Festivals and Traditions

Italy’s festivals and traditions offer a fascinating insight into the country’s deep-rooted culture. From the Venice Carnival with its elaborate masks to Siena’s Palio horse race, these events showcase the vibrant spirit of Italy. Many Italian festivals date back centuries and are still celebrated with the same passion today! Italians like to use vibrant colors and masks!

And to finish...

At the end of this trip, I realized that each country has its own cultural differences, which makes them more special and fun. Being able to discover and marvel at every aspect of a place is wonderful, even more when we’re talking about Italy! When you get the chance, don't hesitate to visit this incredible country!

References:

https://www.travelsphere.co.uk/inspirations/europe/30-interesting-facts-about-italy/

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A1lia

https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy

https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/geography/countries/facts-about-italy/

https://www.italia.it/en

Group:105

Students:

Wisniewski - 37787

Bacovicz - 37754

Assis Brazil - 21413

Guilherme Garcia - 41124

Da Cas - 01062

Vieira - 21314

-

Poland, a country steeped in history, rich in traditions, and increasingly vibrant in contemporary culture, has long fascinated me. Having spent several months visiting Warsaw, I was intrigued by the amount of cultural differences that shape the Polish identity. From the warmth of Polish hospitality to unique customs that may seem unfamiliar to outsiders, there's so much to explore in this fascinating country. In this blog post, I aim to share some of the cultural differences I've experienced and discovered in Poland, along with some curious facts that you might find interesting!

The Polish Spirit: Resilience and Pride

Poland's history is a testament to its people's resilience. Over the centuries, they have faced numerous challenges, from partitions to wars and invasions. Despite these adversities, the Polish spirit remains vibrant, infused with pride and a deep appreciation for their heritage. This collective resilience is palpable in everyday life, where national celebrations and traditions play an integral role.

Did You Know?

Poland celebrates its Independence Day on November 11th, which commemorates the restoration of Poland's sovereignty in 1918 after 123 years of partitions!

The Importance of Family

In Poland, family values are central to daily life. Polish families often gather for Sunday dinners, where traditional meals are served, and stories are shared. It's common for several generations to live under one roof, fostering close-knit relationships. This connection between family members is not only a source of support but also a way to maintain cultural traditions and pass them on to future generations.

A Cultural Custom: Wishing with Bread and Salt

A beautiful Polish custom is the traditional welcome of guests with bread and salt, symbolizing hospitality and prosperity. This ritual reflects the importance of generosity in Polish culture; sharing a meal is seen as a way to strengthen bonds and foster connections.

The Polish Love for Festivals

Poland is known for its lively festivals that celebrate everything from music to food. One notable event is the Wianki Festival in Kraków, which marks the summer solstice. During this festival, people float wreaths on the Vistula River, signifying love and fertility while enjoying performances and fireworks.

Did You Know?

The largest event in Poland is the Woodstock Festival, held annually in Kostrzyn nad Odrą, attracting hundreds of thousands of attendees who come together for music, art, and friendship!

Overcoming Language Barriers

Though Polish is the predominant language, many Poles, especially younger generations, speak English quite well. However, Polish is known for its complexity and unique sounds, making it a challenge for newcomers. Learning common phrases can foster deeper connections with locals, who appreciate the effort.

A Fun Phrase to Learn: "Dzień Dobry"

One of the first phrases you’ll want to learn is "Dzień Dobry," which means "Good Day." It's a friendly greeting that locals love to hear!

Embracing Poland's Regional Diversity

Poland is wonderfully diverse, with each region boasting its own distinct traditions, cuisine, and dialects. For instance, the mountainous region of Zakopane is known for its picturesque landscapes and unique Highlander culture, while cities like Gdańsk showcase influences from its rich maritime history.

Did You Know?

Poland has 16 official regions, each with its own unique characteristics and festivals. For example, the Silesia region is known for its coal mining history and vibrant culinary scene!

Conclusion: A Tapestry of Culture

Poland’s cultural landscape is a vibrant tapestry woven from history, resilience, and a profound sense of community. My experiences visiting Poland have deepened my appreciation for the traditions and values that shape this remarkable nation. Whether it’s indulging in pierogi (pasta) or participating in festive celebrations, each moment offers an opportunity to connect with Poland’s rich heritage.

As I continue to explore and learn, I invite you to dive into the wonders of Polish culture and perhaps even plan a visit. You may find that the warmth of Polish hospitality and the richness of their traditions leave a lasting impression on your heart.

References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAZTSTmokMs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4PEx0tWsEM

https://www.afsusa.org/countries/poland/

https://www.todamateria.com.br/polonia/

https://m.brasilescola.uol.com.br/amp/geografia/polonia.htm

http://pt.nemolanguageapps.com/phrasebooks/polish

https://keytopoland.com/post/11-fun-festivals-in-poland

https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Poland

https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/polish-culture/polish-culture-family#:~:text=In%20Poland%2C%20the%20family%20is,involved%20with%20their%20grandchildren's%20lives.

How Was Staying in One of the Most Isolated Countries in the World

Traveling to North Korea was a really different, fundamental experience. I have always been curious about around the world, where I have never seen. I joined a small group tour, the only way to enter the country as a tourist, and we set off from Beijing. The train ride was long but fascinating. Something curious was that, during the traveling to the Korean country, we were being constantly watched and monitored by the North Korean guards.

When we crossed the frontier, I felt a mix of excitement and anxiety. The first thing I felt was the decadency of the buildings and houses. The lush green hills gave way to patches of grey, with old and "abandoned" villages that seemed frozen in time. I found myself peering out the window, absorbing every detail, but the closer we got to Pyongyang, the capital, the constructions started to get modern and not so old as those poor villages.

Stepping off the train in the capital was like stepping into another era. The air felt... different. Because of the pollution of the place, the air was a lot thicker. Our guide, a stern-looking woman from the government, greeted us just smiling - I could see just the strictness that the country had with people like me. She also explained that I could even be brought to the North Korean jail if a took any photo of any place there.

The routine of my trip to North Korea were structured activities. Each day was meticulously planned, and it began early, with the sound of a gentle knock on my door around 7 a.m. Breakfast was served promptly in our hotel — a simple spread of rice, kimchi, and some kind of tea. I remember sitting at the long table, looking around at the other tourists, all of us exchanging nervous smiles as we prepared for the day ahead.

After breakfast, we gathered in the lobby, where our guide, said the day’s plan with a firm tone. Our schedule was packed with visits to key sites: the monumental Kim Il-sung Square, the grandiose Arch of Triumph, and the imposing Mansudae Grand Monument, where we would pay our respects by laying flowers at the foot of the statues.

Transportation was always by bus. As we travelled through the capital, I couldn’t help but observe the unique rhythm of life. The streets were orderly, with soldiers standing everywhere, monitoring all people on the streets.

Another cultural shock I had when I visited Kim Il-sung Square. I felt overwhelmed by the massive portraits of the leaders staring down at us. I was surprised by the absolute reverence in the air—everyone around me seemed to move with a sense of purpose that I struggled to understand until I got to a conclusion - their "purpose" was to serve their country.

As we drove through the city, I was hit by the contrasts everywhere. Monumental buildings loomed over us, adorned with propaganda, while the streets were unusually quiet, with very few people around. There were fewer cars, too, since almost nobody has the Money to buy themselves a car. Everything was so... morbid and dead and... with no actual "real" joy, excitement.

Lunch time was usually at a designated restaurant where we dined on local dishes and while the food was not so delicious, the atmosphere was filled with tension. Soldiers lunching around were constantly staring at us. You really don't know how that fells.

Visits to sites often felt pre-organized. At the DPRK Art Gallery, we were given a guided tour through the art, with our guide explaining the significance of each piece. I noted how the themes revolved around patriotism and the glory of the leaders. We were encouraged to take photos of the artwork, but I felt the weight of an unspoken rule hovering over us, reminding us to avoid anything that could be seen as disrespectful.

I often found myself questioning what was real and what was orchestrated to the tourists. My curiosity wrestled with a growing unease. Sometimes, I just wanted to get to a worker and just say that the real outside world was this and that, but that would get through jail or maybe something even worse...

In the afternoons, we visited various monuments and museums. Each location was steeped in propaganda and North Korean history. I often found myself grappling with the contrast between the narratives presented and the silence that filled the streets outside.

When we visited a local school, the children greeted us with rehearsed smiles, their movements synchronized as if they were performing a dance. It felt beautiful and uncomfortable at once. That was remarkable.

After dinner we would gather back at the hotel, and while some tourists opted for drinks at the bar, I preferred to sit alone in my room, processing the day’s experiences. I would write down notes in my diary, capturing the surreal nature of what I had seen.

Cultural Life

When I started researching North Korea’s cultural life, I was struck by how differently music and art are used there. I came across a story about their unique operas, which blend traditional Korean and Western styles, always with themes of loyalty to the country. I could imagine sitting in a grand theater, watching a patriotic performance that captivates the entire audience. Visual arts are similar, with massive murals and sculptures depicting heroic leaders. It’s fascinating how culture in such a closed-off country can still be so layered and unique!

Food

The food in North Korea is, in a way, very different from the foods I was already used to. In the first days of the trip, I decided to try some of them, so I went to a restaurant and first asked the name of the food and what it was made of. The first food I tried was bibimbap, basically a mixture of meat, rice and vegetables, with some side dishes. It tasted good, so I didn't just stick with that dish. The next one I tried was japchae, in general, it was a mix of pasta with some vegetables and also meat, it had a unique taste, so to end my first experience, I decided to order a dessert. The attendant offered me the hotteok, it was a pancake stuffed with a mixture of brown sugar, cinnamon and walnuts. I felt very satisfied, and at the end of the trip I realized how interesting North Korean cuisine is, with its own style and tastes!

When it comes out to social etiquette, before coming to North Korea, I already knew that hugging, as we do in Brazil, is not the best way to greet people here. Instead of it, when meeting someone in North Korea, you should bow or nod your head. On the second day of the trip, I went to congratulate the restaurant's chef on the food, which was really good, despite I wasn't used to it yet. I put my hand out to exchange a handshake, but he just nodded! The guides said that was because they avoid physical contact. Then I learned: you only shake hands if the North Korean offers the hand!

As I went to the country as a tourist, I always had to be with the guides and their tour group. We’re not allowed to be by ourselves. Also, the only people who knows English there were the guides. Other North Koreans only speak their native language. So, although I’ve learned some basic phrases in Korean, I had more contact with the other tourists. One of them, a Chilean called Matias, brought gifts from his country for the guides. They really appreciated them! You know, people there also have a gift giving culture!

Curiosities

So now, why don’t we talk a little about some interesting facts about North Korea? Did you know that the North Korea’s culture basically is the culture of Korea in general?  There is a lot of appreciation for traditional music and dance! The most popular form of this type of artistic expression is the love for the country. In addition, cinema is also a tool that is extremely valued in the country and greatly admired by North Korean citizens. Also, a fun fact is that in North Korea there are specific regulations for hairstyles (for men and women). Interesting, don’t you think?

For now… Bye bye, North Korea!

By the end of my trip, I realized that the cultural shock I experienced wasn’t just about the absurd differences I gazed, it was about grappling with the limitations of my own understanding. North Korea challenged my interpretation of freedom. As I entered the train back to China, I felt relief, relief to that anti-democracy regime, relief to that "constantly being watched", no privacy place.

Finally, I feel like I learned a lot about North Korean culture. Although it has its problems, for example, the constant monitoring of the population by the government and the lack of joy in the place (a morbid climate), this country is very interesting. My favourites parts of the travel were learning the curiosities and how to socialize here. It’s true that my adaptation was difficult, because of the cultural shock, the new routine, the hard language, the culinary… But I confess, those challenges were so exciting, it’s gratifying to have solved them all. I'm leaving tomorrow, I'm excited to go home, in Brazil I don't feel that things are completely manipulated and fake. I liked the travel and I plan to visit others eccentric countries again! For now… Bye bye, North Korea!

Group: 104

Students: Cunha (00018), Eduarda Brito (18254), Grando (40034), L. Fernandes (47121), Rafael (37689) and Teresa (00023).

References

https://www.anothertravel.com/asia/north-korea/culture/

https://www.youngpioneertours.com/top-5-north-korean-customs/

https://brazil.korean-culture.org/pt/143/korea/45#:~:text=O%20povo%20coreano%20herdou%20uma,seungmu%20(dan%C3%A7a%20do%20monge).

https://www.diariodepernambuco.com.br/noticia/mundo/2017/10/regime-dita-a-moda-e-ate-corte-de-cabelo-na-coreia-do-norte.html

https://anota.ai/blog/sobremesas-coreanas/

https://www.superprof.com.br/blog/receitas-tipicas-coreanas/

Al Perocchin 00007

Al Bassani 00010

Al Espellet 01081

Class 105

I’m a guy that loves to travel and my biggest goal in life is to visit every single country in the world. At this moment, I’ve managed to experience an enormous variety of cultures in countries in all different continents. But, if I had to choose which place got me the most surprised and exceeded my expectations, it was for sure Scotland. Visiting Scotland was like stepping into a storybook filled with rugged landscapes and rich history, every corner revealed something extraordinary!

Facts about Scotland

Scotland is one of the four nations that make up the United Kingdom, being almost one third of the UK’s land area. It is almost all surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, having it only land border in the south-east, which is shared with England. Geographically, the country can be divided in three areas, in the north and north-west there is the High Lands, an area with lots of mountains, in the center there is the Lowlands, a flatter area, and in the south, the Southern Uplands, another area full of mountains. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, which isn’t the most populous, being right behind a city called Glasgow, however it is for sure the biggest culture center, and that’s what I will be focusing on this post.

Cultural shock

Traveling to Scotland was a thrilling experience, but I quickly felt the cultural shock. As I stepped off the plane, the cool, crisp air was a stark contrast to the warmth i was used to. The Scottish way of life, with its emphasis on politeness and personal space, was different from the vibrant, close-knit interactions I was accustomed to. I found myself marveling at the beautiful landscapes, from rolling hills to historic castles, but also feeling a bit out of place as I adjusted to the slower pace of life. Despite the initial discomfort, every encounter and new experience deepened my appreciation for this rich culture, making me eager to learn more. Here are some informations about Scotland culture you should know.

CLOTHES

If I asked you what you know about Scotland, I’m sure that the first thing that would come to your mind is the famous kilt, this clothing is a mark in the country’s culture, and it has its origin in the XVI century. It is made of a soft wool called tartan and it is always very colorful. There are more than 7000 registered tartan patterns, which one representing one family or clan.

MUSIC

You’ve probably seen the most traditional Scottish instrument, but you know its name and how it is and used to be used? The bagpipe has its importance in Scotland most because the military use of it throughout the history. It is a must for Scottish people to hear in live a performance of the bagpipe. During my trip I had the chance to listen to it, it’s wonderful.

However, the bagpipe is not the only thing that has its music and cultural importance in Scotland. This area is very strong in the country and there are lots of festivals to celebrate it.

• Celtic Connections: In January, all Celtics musicians get together in Glasgow to celebrate Celtic music.

• The Royal National Mòd: Happening since 1892 in the month of October, the Mòd rewards the best of Scottish culture.

• The ST Magnus International Festival: An event in the northern islands which celebrate the Scottish art.

• Hebcelt: In July, it is a multi-award-winning festival about Gaelic culture and Scottish music.

  
  

SPORTS

Did you know that Scotland is the country of one of the strongest rivalries in soccer history. Considered by some people the biggest dispute in soccer, Celtic and Rangers make up for a rivalry that goes much far than inside the fields. Political and religious aspects are what make this battle so intense, the feeling of identity in the origin of the club creates a strong feeling of anger between the two teams.

But Scotland sports are more than soccer, rugby is one of the most famous in the country. With a powerful national team, the Scottish Rugby Team has never missed a Rugby World Cup. Golf, hockey, tennis, cycling and curling are other examples of important sports for the country. One of my best experiences in Scotland was for sure watching a rugby game in Edinburgh, the atmosphere was incredible.

CULINARY

The traditional Scottish food is based on tubers, barley, oat and sea food. Besides the food, Scotland is known by its famous whisky, the Scotch whisky. I’ve tried it and I can’t lie, was the best one I’ve already tasted. The Scottish beer is also very famous, because of the different techniques the taste is unique. If you are a beer enthusiast, I highly recommend you giving it a chance.

SOME MORE SCOTLAND CURIOSITIES

• Did you know that Scotland is home to the world’s oldest tree, the Fortingall Yew, believed to be over 5,000 years old?

• Scotland boasts over 400 words to describe different types of rain.

• It is host of the Loch Ness, exactly that one of the monster histories.

• Scotland is full of medieval castles; you feel like you felt straight out of a medieval saga.

• J.K. Rowling got inspiration in the charming streets of Edinburgh when she was writing Harry Potter books.

BIBLIOGRAFY:

• https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilt#Hist%C3%B3ria

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh#Culture

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI1aUX24O44

• https://www.scotland.org/about-scotland/culture/music/traditional-music

• https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_da_Esc%C3%B3cia

Reasons why I chose Greece:

Greece is a country in southeastern Europe, in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Albania, Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast, with a Mediterranean climate. It is a country rich in history, culture and natural beauty. Known as the cradle of Western civilization, this contributions include philosophy, art, theater and democracy. In addition, Greece is famous for its stunning islands, which attract tourists from all over the world.

The capital and largest city of Greece is Athens. Founded over 6,000 years ago, it is one of the few ancient cities in the world still inhabited.

And the influence of ancient Greece?

In history Greece is the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, among others. Ancient Greek culture was very close to religion and was expressed through literature, music and theater. Through this ancient influence there are different tourist attractions such as The Parthenon, the Theatre of Dionysus, the Acropolis, the Acropolis Museum and the National Archaeological Museum are some of the main symbols of ancient Greece.

My unforgettable experiences!

During my trip to Greece, I was able to feel and discover up close the most exotic flavors of typical Greek cuisine. Known for being extremely healthy, Greek cuisine always highlights the variety of vegetables present in these dishes.

At the beginning of the trip, it was quite normal to feel strange, since here in Brazil we are not used to more Mediterranean flavors. The first dish that I had the pleasure of trying and that made me fall in love with Greek food was “moussaka”, a dish that was originally Greek, but has a French influence and is described as a signature of Greek cultural cuisine. In addition to moussaka, there are several other typical dishes that I had the honor of tasting during this trip, including; the Greek salad, tzatziki, gyros, souvlaki and dolmades.

Greek authority:

Currently, Greece is a democratic and developed country, with an advanced, high-income economy based on the tertiary sector is prominent, with a large participation of tourist activities and a high standard of living and a human development index (HDI) considered very high by the United Nations. Greece is a founding member of the Organization of United Nations (UN), has been a member of what is now the European Union since 1981 (and of the Eurozone since 2001), in addition to being a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 1952. The Greek economy is also the largest of the Balkans, where Greece is an important regional investor.

References:

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia

https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/geografia/grecia-1.htm

https://www.todamateria.com.br/grecia-antiga/

https://dicadagrecia.com.br/atenas/pontos-turisticos-de-atenas/

https://viagensdestinos.com/pontos-turisticos-da-grecia/amp/

https://www.penaestrada.blog.br/lugares-para-visitar-na-grecia/

Al Domingues, 00033

Al Basso, 00020

Al Dias, 00014

Al Accioly, 01197

Al Vargas, 00025

Under the shade of the Rätikon mountain range, engulfed by Switzerland and Austria, there lies a small principality, reminiscent of the times of the Holy Roman Empire, called Liechtenstein. And it's awesome. If you only give a glance at the European map, it may pass unnoticed, as it is one the smallest countries in the world, with a population smaller than many brazilian cities. In this post, however, I beg you to give Liechtenstein a chance, and transport yourself to one of the most unique places in Europe.

The Holiday of His Highness

On the benefit of its size, the population of Liechtenstein is very united. When I first crossed the country, actually as an accident, I got lucky to find myself in one of the coziest celebrations among Europe, the country’s national holiday. Every year, on the 15th of August, the royal family invites the people far and wide to celebrate in the Castle of Vaduz. I must say: even the air feels joyous. 

As it was tradition to celebrate from morning to night, I took the liberty to stay a little bit more, and there started my little journey. What really caught my eye is that Liechtensteinian culture is strongly influenced by its bigger neighbors, and as such, although being a very traditional state, it is not one of many symbols. People join the royal holiday much more as a way to have a good time with their loved ones and shoot some fireworks (and drink lots of beer!), and in a way, I find that simplicity very touching.

To Live and to Learn

In a single day, I traveled across all of the frontier. Can you believe that, north to south, there’s around 25 km? And not only that is surprising. Living in Liechtenstein is remembering life never stops, as opportunity is always at your fingertips. Want to go mountain skiing? Just by the side of their hiking trails; more interested in a cultural experience? The Kunstmuseum reunites art from all over Europe, but mainly from the closest countries, or you can be very much welcomed at the many clubs in the townside. What you can never forget is the beauty of the nature that surrounds you, reflected on the waters of Lake Constance. It was actually by the margins of the Constance that I took the time to research a bit.
Liechtenstein is the curious case of a country with more companies than population, and the proximity to many other nations also means that the market is always flowing - which actually explains how a country with so few inhabitants always feels vibrant. More than that, it's the strong promotion of integration and respect that really sells the whole stuff - just to give an example, the carceral system of the country does not support more than 20 detained, and it's never more encumbered than half of its capacity. If I had to choose a word to define my travel, although it is a jovial place, it's peace.

Entertaining Tangents

            During my research I also found out about some eccentric historical facts from the place. Did you know the prince threatened to sell the whole country to Bill Gates just because he couldn’t get an agreement with the parliament? And, in 2011, it was possible to rent THE entire country for 70.000 U$ per night. 

             Another curiosity is that, because of its lack of border control, Liechtenstein’s territory has already been accidentally invaded, some cases even going unnoticed for a while. Yet, the most surprising time this occurred was when the swiss army trespassed the border, armed, by mistake. They were even received with drinks by the locals!

A Matter Of Price

Liechtenstein is one of the countries with the highest GDP per capita in the world. The taxes there are really low, and the average wage is around 80,888 CHF (Swiss francs); the Swiss franc now being 6.46 R$. Why am I saying this all? Because it means two things: first, that there lives a bunch of rich people. The cost of living there is TOO HIGH!

When I went there I paid the equivalent of 11.17 R$, which is only 1.73 CHF, in a single bottle of water! Not only that, but I paid 96.89 R$ (15 CHF) for a McMeal at McDonalds. For a local, the prices are very good, but for a foreigner everything is too expensive, seriously. It's more worth buying everything in Austria, which's 2 hours by car from Liechtenstein and the prices are half of what they are there. The water I paid 11.17 R$ in Liechtenstein is 4.43 R$ in Austria!

And if you want to go live in Liechtenstein to make a lot of money and buy half of Rio Grande do Sul with a two months budget, be aware that to live in Liechtenstein you need a residence permit. Around a 100 of them are issued per year, half by lottery, and someone who is not Swiss or European Economic Area national cannot take their shot of luck, but must apply for a residence permit issued directly. In this case, pray that they consider that you are a person of particular interest to the country and good luck, because it is very difficult to obtain one.

Another curious fact, every car and house I saw in the country was beautiful. Seriously, everyone there has really good houses and cars that, compared to Brazil, most people would say that they are luxury.

Coming to a Close

After going through ups and downs in the countryside, I had to say a warm goodbye to Liechtenstein, fortunately with a few bucks still in my pocket. Leaving the frontier was like snapping back to reality: the kingdom has no professional army, having last operated in 1886. I had almost forgotten how much of a luxury that is. Liechtensteiners are also very open people, in a way because of the proximity, so you’ll need to rewire the brain a little bit once you’re welcomed with the usual reservation of the austrians or swiss. The country is too small for an airport, so one of these is always the next step of the journey. The Liechtenstein experience is a very curious one. It pertains to a very specific group of countries: the tiny, rich, offshore monarchies. It has a paradisiacal scenery, and a rigorous sense of respect for one another's peace. Even if I never come back, for sure it will have a lasting impact on my life.

References:
https://youtu.be/2dw61jiZIcY?si=BJpEsiN2R_T0Q8ct
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=Austria
https://www.liechtenstein-business.li/en/living-and-working-in-liechtenstein/living-in-Liechtenstein/residence-permits
https://www.liechtenstein-business.li/en/living-and-working-in-liechtenstein/living-in-Liechtenstein/taxes
https://talentup.io/blog/average-salary-in-liechtenstein/
https://www.timecamp.com/average-salary/liechtenstein/
https://www.paylab.com/li/salaryinfo#:~:text=The%20gross%20salary%20range%20for,drastically%20among%20different%20job%20categories
https://eugene.kaspersky.com/2021/10/29/all-you-wanted-to-know-about-liechtenstein-well-almost/

https://www.uni.li/en/blog/fun-facts-liechtenstein

https://slowtours.com/blog/travel-blog/13-little-facts-about-liechtenstein

Students: Al Marinho, 01186 - Al Heitor, 00029 - Al Nolde, 00028 - Al Hochmüller, 00017 - Al Arend, 31803

Last year, I had one of the most magnificent experiences of my life: a one-month exchange in Ireland. Yes, the land of leprechauns and the four-leaf clovers!

Time Schedule in Ireland

At first, I had a really tough time trying to get used to their schedule, their business time goes from 9am to 5pm. And that is why the nocturne life is so short for the Irish people: they got used to drinking early in their pubs, because it gets closed by 2am to 3am.

Did you know that?

The house doors all over the country are colorful, that’s because they get so drunk that it’s easier for them to find out they’re houses if they have very specific colors, or so the legend goes.

(Foto das portas coloridas)

Talking about the food

When I was there, my day started in a very Irish way, I had a very specific cultural breakfast: slices of bread with bacon, fried eggs, mushrooms, fried tomatoes and some sausages. For us, Brazilians, it’s not very common to have this kind of meal for breakfast, that’s because we’re used to have a more elaborated lunch instead.

(Foto do café da manhã)

A very curious detail that you have to know

Although everything that I said until now might sound wonderful, I still have been through some tough times because of the cultural differences. Did you know that, for example, we can’t make the love and peace symbol, the famous “V”? I only found that out because I made this gesture when I was posing for a picture and got massacred for it by my friends: “that’s unpleasant”, “omg how rude”… But I didn’t know that it was such an insult. After that, they explained to me that this symbol refers to WWII. The people that were captured got their fingers ripped off so they wouldn’t be able to shoot. So, in Ireland, this gesture is the same as “you don’t have the fingers to use a gun and shoot me”.

Don’t try searching for the washing machine!

Besides that, I was desperately needing to do my laundry but I wasn’t able to find the laundry machine! And even worst: I wasn’t able to find a service area because they don’t have it just like we do here in Brazil! When I decided that I had enough looking for the device, and needed to drink some water, try to guess, you won’t believe it, it was just next to the stove!

Thank you all of the time

After that unbelievable episode, I washed my clothes and the ones from my hosting family. And they said “thank you”, just as they do for many other stuff: you hear “thank you” here and there all of the time, it’s the most used sentence in Ireland, they are just madly in love with it. And I think this is one the most educated traditions I've ever seen. I would love that to become a routine here in Brazil.

https://eunairlanda.com.br/curiosidades-sobre-a-irlanda/

https://www.eurodicas.com.br/curiosidades-sobre-irlanda/

Students:

Daniel Gimenes (11197)

Pedro Aragão (11204)

João Manoel (00002

Kauan (91446)

Ezequiel (00011)

Marcelo Gonçalves (00009)

When I first thought about visiting Georgia, I hadn’t imagined the great beauty that such a small country could hold within itself. But I was truly surprised to learn about the place's cultural diversity, such as its most characteristic national sites and traditions!

A Country Full of Landmarks

One of the most touching aspects of Georgia is the remarkable variety of its tourist attractions. During my virtual journey through these wonders, I visited the Narikala Fortress in Tbilisi, an imposing structure originally built in the 4th century, during the reign of Aspacures II of Iberia. With the option of being accessed by cable car or foot, it stands as one of the country’s most iconic sites, featuring majestic ancient churches and historical houses that seem to have withstood the test of time.

After this immersion into history, I turned my attention to the Batumi Botanical Garden, where I was awestruck by the breathtaking scenery! Situated along the coast of the Black Sea, the garden boasts over five thousand plant species! Two thousand of them are tree species. Discovering that the garden also offers a camping service gave me a pang of regret, as this is an experience I would love to try out, but had missed out on when I had the opportunity.

Christians, but in a different way

When I learned that the main religion in Georgia is Christianity, I thought the traditions would be very similar, but this is not the case. Actually, the Georgian people don’t follow the Catholic Apostolic Church, but specifically the Georgian Orthodox Church.

Christianity has deep roots in Georgian history, dating back to the 4th century when it became the state religion. According to tradition, St. Nino, a woman from Cappadocia, played a significant role in converting the Georgian people to Christianity. Over the centuries, the Georgian Orthodox Church has become a defining feature of the nation’s identity and culture, influencing art, literature, and architecture.

The church is known for preserving unique religious practices, and services are conducted in the Georgian language. Many important religious sites, such as ancient monasteries and cathedrals, can be found throughout the country, some of which are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage sites, like the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral and Jvari Monastery, a very charming and intriguing place!

Today, over 80% of the population identifies as Georgian Orthodox Christian. While the Georgian Orthodox Church holds a central role in society, the country also recognizes and respects other religious communities, including Muslims, Armenians, and Jews. This religious tolerance reflects Georgia's rich history of cultural diversity, that persists to this day.

Little Country, Great Sports!

At fifteen years old, I’d never imagined that Georgians were really into combat sports. Did you know that one of the most traditional sports in Georgia is Judo? It's incredible! The Georgian team of Judo has 8 Olympic medals, 27 European Judo titles and 35 world medals in its curriculum! Since the 60’s, the quality of Georgian judokas has increased in a spectacular way, because of their modern teaching method.

Another sport that has a big lore in Georgian society is, with no doubt, Wrestling. A curious fact is that Georgian wrestling traces its origins to ancient times, where it was practiced as a form of combat, often used to train soldiers and warriors for battle. Over time, Chidaoba evolved, becoming not just a sport but an integral part of Georgian culture and identity.

A Unique and Unforgettable Cuisine!

Something that stood out to me when I was visiting Georgia was their cuisine. At my hotel, they served something called 'khachapuri Adjaruli' for breakfast. It’s made of bread, similar to French bread, shaped like a boat, with incredibly tasty cheese and eggs inside. You should try one of these at least once in your life! It’s impossible to forget.

Another dish that I love, even though I almost didn’t try it because of its appearance, is called 'badrijani.' It’s made of fried eggplant slices rolled or layered and filled with a savory walnut-garlic paste. I’ve never seen anything like that before, and its texture is really unique.

To not only mention dishes I liked, I also tried 'pkhali,' a dish made from finely chopped or pureed vegetables mixed with walnut paste and seasoned with herbs, garlic, and vinegar. It just wasn’t good. I don’t recommend avoiding it, because we all are different and you may like it, but it’s something I want to keep myself distant from.

Visiting Georgia was certainly a very valuable experience, allowing me to have contact with such a rich and diverse culture. Even though every trip has its good and bad experiences, I am happy to say that visiting this small and mountainous country was one of the most fulfilling experiences of my life!

Sources:

https://bbg.ge/en/home

https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g294195-d459960-Reviews-Narikala_Fortress-Tbilisi.html

https://wander-lush.org/narikala-fortress-tbilisi-georgia/

https://receitas.globo.com/receitas-da-tv/mais-voce/khachapuri.ghtml

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badrijani

https://spicebreeze.com/blog/georgian-badrijani-recipe/

https://pat.feldman.com.br/pkhali-de-beterraba/

https://www.judoinside.com/news/5918/The_development_of_Georgian_judo

https://www.eju.net/georgia-factory-of-champions/

https://fanaticwrestling.com/blogs/news/ga-wrestling-history#:~:text=Georgian%20wrestling%20traces%20its%20origins,of%20Georgian%20culture%20and%20identity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)
https://www.advantour.com/georgia/religion.htm

Small and overfilled

Bangladesh is smaller than the Brazilian state of Ceará, but it has a larger population than Russia, which is the biggest country in the world. The huge amount of people can not be accommodated by the local infrastructure, making it common to see people hanging outside trains to move around the cities.

Riquixás

Another common thing to see is the traffic signs not being respected, which makes the accident rate very high. Furthermore, they have a very traditional and unique mode of transportation. Have you ever heard about Riquixás? They are small cars pulled by two wheels and a kind of bicycle, decorated with expressions of  art.

Sacred Hands

Something that caught my attention during this trip was that the people there are not very hygienic - they do everything with their hands, from eating to cleaning themselves after going to the bathroom. They do that because the left hand is considered impure, and can not be used for eating or handshakes (right hand functions).

Did you know...?

They also have peculiarities regarding meals. Apart from being the most vegetarian country in the world, did you know that burping after a meal is well seen there? When I discovered that it’s considered a sign of appreciation and gratitude, it all made sense! Another curiosity is that in most restaurants, there are separate spaces for men-only and women-only tables, because it is common for meals to be separated by gender.

Bye Bye, Bangladesh!

Bangladesh is a country full of rich history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking natural beauty, yet it remains a hidden gem for to many people. From the bustling streets of Dhaka to the serene landscapes of the Sundarbans, this nation offers endless opportunities for discovery and learning, making it a fascinating place for anyone curious about its unique blend of tradition and modernity.

References:

Reports from an acquaintance + https://youtu.be/nLv240hl4-k?si=sMDiOpbOYrSgDZkj

Students: Yasmin Barreto-17247, Luiza Vitória-41126, Isadora Medeiros-31812, Jamile-01071, Moretti-

I find myself immersed in a world where modern skyscrapers rise alongside ancient temples. South Korea has always intrigued me, but living here has allowed me to truly experience the vibrant culture. My journey began with Korean dramas and K-pop, but now I see that the real magic lies in the nuances of everyday life.

• Cultural Differences and Curiosities

*Language and Social Hierarchy

As I converse with friends, I notice how the way I speak changes depending on who is around. Using the right words to show respect is essential. It’s not just about etiquette; it’s a core part of Korean identity, reflecting the deep-rooted values of age and social status.

*Respect for Family and Community

At every family gathering, I feel the reverence that elders receive. Children learn from a young age to honor their parents and grandparents, and this respect extends to the broader community, fostering strong connections among everyone. It’s amazing to see how traditions still shape daily interactions.

*Food and Dining Etiquette

When I sit down to eat, I realize that a meal is a communal experience. The oldest person at the table starts eating first, and everyone waits patiently. Sharing dishes is the norm, and the variety of side dishes, or "banchan," turns each meal into a delightful exploration. I’m surprised to learn that slurping noodles is a sign of appreciation — here, food is truly a celebration.

*Education and Work Ethic

Watching students around me, I see the seriousness with which they approach their studies. The education system is demanding, but this pursuit of knowledge translates into a strong work ethic in adulthood. Dedication to one’s job is admirable and infectious.

*Modernity Meets Tradition

In Seoul, modernity blends seamlessly with tradition at every turn. Walking through the city, I can admire towering skyscrapers while also visiting centuries-old palaces and traditional markets. This fascinating balance enriches everyday life.

• Curious Facts about South Korea

- Hiking Culture: On weekends, it’s common to see people of all ages hiking in the mountains, enjoying the natural beauty.

- Gaming Nation: South Korea is a global hub for esports, where professional gamers achieve celebrity status.

- Kimchi Love: Kimchi is a staple in every household, so much so that many families have a separate fridge just for it.

- Age Calculation: In Korea, people are considered one year old at birth, and everyone ages another year on New Year’s Day, not on their actual birthday.

South Korea’s blend of modernity and tradition, along with its rich cultural customs, creates an exciting and deeply historical environment. From its language to its culinary practices, this country offers a unique perspective on life that is both thrilling and rooted in heritage.

References:

https://www.factretriever.com/south-korea-facts

https://www.90daykorean.com/interesting-facts-about-south-korea/

https://thefactfile.org/south-korea-facts/

https://factsinstitute.com/countries/facts-about-south-korea/

https://facts.net/south-korea-facts/

_{Well, sure, but what even is an East Timor? Some of you might say. East Timor is a country in Asia, more specifically, in maritime Southeast Asia (next to Indonesia, basically), and something incredibly interesting about this country is that, even though its people are very Indonesian-like, they actually speak portuguese (which would for sure be something special knowing that I'm native to Brazil). All of that into account, lets finally jump in to my very non-standard trip to East Timor.}

The country has only 13 municipalities

_{When I arrived in East Timor, I was amazed by the stunning beauty of its archipelago. What fascinated me even more was how the country is divided into only 13 municipalities, spread across just three islands. Each municipality has its own unique administrative posts, rich history, distinct dialects, customs, and local cuisine}

Interesting local legend

_{One of the first things that captivated me during my trip to East Timor was the local legend about the island being formed from the body of a crocodile. As I sat on the beach, listening to a local share this story, I could almost see the crocodile shape in the coastline. It struck me how deeply the Timorese revere these creatures, viewing them as grandfathers. I felt a rush of respect for the cultural significance of crocodiles as I carefully explored the beaches, remembering that swimming wasn’t recommended due to their presence. It made my visit feel even more special, knowing I was stepping into a land rich with meaning.}

The East Timor does not have its own currency

_{I remember my surprise when I learned that East Timor didn’t have its own currency. While chatting with a local vendor, I found out that they had used the Rupiah during Indonesian rule and switched to the U.S. dollar after independence. It was fascinating to see their unique coins—1, 5, 25, 50, 100 (1 dollar), and 200 (2 dollars)—which I couldn’t resist collecting. Each coin felt like a tiny piece of my adventure, and I cherished them as souvenirs that would remind me of the warmth of the people I met.}

Nature and Geography

_{Touring East Timor left me utterly speechless. The moment I laid eyes on the majestic mountains framing the idyllic beaches, I felt like I had stepped into a postcard. I was lucky enough to spot dolphins dancing in the waves and even caught a glimpse of humpback whales during a boat trip. Each encounter with the wildlife filled me with wonder. I remember feeling a twinge of sadness thinking about how many travelers overlook this breathtaking country. It felt like a hidden treasure waiting to be discovered, and I was grateful to be part of it.}

Cuisine of East Timor

_{One of the most memorable parts of my journey was diving into Timorese cuisine. I was amazed at how the flavors reflected the country’s diverse influences—Portuguese, Indonesian, and Filipino. I vividly recall savoring dishes like Katupa and Bebinca de Timor, each bite transporting me to a new layer of the culture. Sharing meals with locals, I felt a sense of connection and warmth, and it was clear that food held a special place in their hearts. Those moments around the table, tasting Shrimp Singa and Mano Tem, will forever remain some of my fondest memories from my time in East Timor.}

Final Thoughts of the Journey

_{In conclusion, my trip to East Timor was an eye-opening journey into a land rich with culture and natural beauty. From the stunning landscapes of its mountains and beaches to the warm hospitality of the Timorese people, every moment felt like a discovery. Whether you're drawn to adventure, culture, or simply looking to experience an untouched corner of Southeast Asia, East Timor offers an experience that’s both authentic and unforgettable.}

^{Did You Know...}

^{that timorese people celebrate two Independence Days: one, November 28th, marking their proclamation of independence from Portugal in 1975 and another, May 20th, commemorating their restoration of independence, separating completely from Indonesia in 2002?}

References:

https://animalia.bio/pt/timor-leste-animals https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/geografia/timor-leste.htm https://www.queroviajarmais.com/comidas-tipicas-do-timor-leste/ https://www.timorleste.tl/

My first visit was dedicated to the Louvre Museum in Paris, where the iconic painting, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, is exposed for appreciation. The entrace of the Louvre's pyramid is also an architectural masterpiece. I used my time to appreciate the art and take some pictures to keep the memories in my gallery. Still in the capital, I visited the Eiffel Tower, a very well-known spot.

Meeting the locals

When I visited locals, something that struck me was the personality of the French. French humor is sophisticated and intelligent. They are relaxed and like to enjoy life with friends and family, as well as being very polite. They like to go to exhibitions, concerts, theaters and cinemas, and in everyday life they wear clothes with less flashy colors, more neutral pieces. I found it very interesting and different from what I'm used to!

Finding hidden gems - my favorite museums

Although France has lots of different cities and sites to enjoy, I did spend most of my time exploring Paris. In my numerous walks around the city, I had the opportunity to find some very interesting museums that not everybody knows about. These are some of my favorites:

- The Atelier des Lumières: There, famous paintings are projected on the walls, and you feel as if you're inside them! Also, it's building used to be a foundry, so the architecture is very interesting.

- The Bourdelle Museum: It used to be the home of Antoine Bourdelle, a famous sculptor. In it, there are more than five hundred statues. For me, the beautiful gardens were the cherry on top of the experience!

- The Cité des Sciences et de l'industrie: Just like the Louvre has its pyramid, this museum has a giant mirrored sphere right by the entrance. This is the place for the technology lovers, and also perfect for children, since it's very interactive.

- The Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine: Everybody knows France has astonishing buildings, right? In this museum, you can understand the history behind it (and also the details normally hidden to the untrained eye).

The art that surrounds us

France's architecture is a real journey through time, making you reflect on history, styles and cultural influences. It's a country that breathes art, from cathedrals to museums. A paradise for art lovers like me.

I started my journey in Paris at Notre-Dame Cathedral. As I entered, I was impressed by its Gothic architecture, its stunning glass windows and its luxurious towers, which gave me the best view of the city.

Next I visited the Palace of Versailles, which has the most magnificent garden I've ever seen, designed by André Le Nôtre. As I explored the halls, such as the Hall of Mirrors, I was enchanted by the rich decoration and the grandeur of the place.

In the evening, I went to admire the Eiffel Tower, which was undoubtedly the place I was most looking forward to. Seeing the lights shining on that starry night was the most unforgettable moment of my life.

Bon Appétit!

The city, besides being stunning and having a completely romantic atmosphere, also offers incredible gastronomy, which I couldn’t resist exploring. The meals are a true explosion of flavors, so delicious! During the trip, three meals stood out as my favorites. The first is the cheese soufflé, which simply melts in your mouth. Although there are various flavor options, the most traditional one is cheese, and in France, cheese is taken very seriously. It is not only a part of the French diet but also their culture and agriculture. To give you an idea, there are over 365 types of cheese, including camembert, brie, and roquefort.

Another meal I loved was the classic "ratatouille"—yes, the same one from the Disney movie! In real life, the chef is certainly not a rat. The meal is usually made with eggplant and other vegetables in a delicious tomato sauce.

And last but definitely not least, the macarons from Pierre Hermé. This café, located in the Beaupassage shopping center, offers a menu full of wonders, and the macarons are undoubtedly a highlight!

Diving into the Olympic spirit - the sports in France

France has a rich sporting culture, and many sports are popular throughout the country. Some of the main sports include:

Soccer: The most popular sport in the country, football in France boasts renowned clubs like Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) and Olympique de Marseille. The French national team, known as Les Bleus, is a global powerhouse, having won the FIFA World Cup in 1998 and 2018.

Rugby: Rugby is quite popular, especially in the southern part of the country. France has a strong tradition in the sport, with the national team regularly competing in the Six Nations Championship and the Rugby World Cup.

Tennis: France hosts one of the most prestigious tennis tournaments in the world, Roland Garros (the French Open), which is part of the Grand Slam.

Cycling: The Tour de France is the most famous cycling race in the world and one of the biggest sporting events globally. This annual race attracts cyclists and spectators from around the world, traversing various regions of the country.

Basketball: Basketball is increasingly popular, with the French league attracting international talent and the national team being competitive in European and global tournaments.

Winter Sports: Due to its mountainous geography, especially in the Alps, France is a top destination for skiing and snowboarding. The town of Chamonix is famous for being one of the first to host the Winter Olympics in 1924.

Handball: Handball is another sport in which France has excelled in recent years, with the men's national team winning several World and Olympic titles.

Pétanque: One of the most iconic sports in the south of France, Pétanque is a form of boules played with metal balls. The goal is to throw the balls as close as possible to a small wooden ball called the "cochonnet." It’s a popular pastime in parks and squares across the country, especially in Provence.

Parkour: Born in the urban areas of France, parkour involves the practice of moving quickly and efficiently through complex environments using only the body. Practitioners, called traceurs, climb, jump, and run over urban and natural obstacles.

Savate (French Boxing): Savate is a French martial art that combines boxing techniques with kicks. It originated in the 19th century and is an elegant and technical form of combat, now practiced in competitions around the world.

Course Camarguaise: A non-violent form of bullfighting typical of the Camargue region. Instead of killing the bull, participants attempt to remove a ribbon attached to the animal's horns in a display of agility and skill.

Bibliography:

https://youtu.be/tdseCyzRbBA?si=O44EqzzbO8U1UeAd

1. Education 

Did you know that in Japan the academic year starts on April 1st, right after the cherry blossom (a typical japanese tree, also called “sakura”) bloom season starts? 

The school year continues until March, and among the regular disciplines, the students learn poetry and Shudô - the Japanese calligraphy.

Also, the schools there don't hire a cleaning service: usually the students are responsible for keeping their classrooms clean and organized. This kind of system stimulates discipline and respect since the earliest age of the students. But could you imagine having to clean your classroom after a hard school day? Definitely, studying in Japan isn't for everyone.

2. Entertainment

In Japan, anime refers to animated series or films that span various genres and audiences. Anime is a popular form of entertainment known for its distinct art style and deep narratives. Contrary to common belief, anime isn't limited to children's stories, it englobes themes like romance, science fiction, fantasy, and even philosophical issues.

These productions follow a seasonal calendar divided into four cycles: winter, spring, summer, and fall. Each season brings dozens of new anime, offering a constant renewal of stories. With series typically concluded in 12 or 24 episodes, the seasonal format keeps the audience eager for premieres, while also fueling a vast industry of related merchandise and themed events. Streaming platforms allow fans worldwide to watch anime episodes soon after their release in Japan.

3. Food

If you’ve ever been curious about Japanese cuisine, you’re in for a treat! It’s more than just sushi and ramen – it’s a rich tapestry of flavors, traditions, and seasonal delights. A fascinating aspect of Japanese food is the concept of umami, often described as the "fifth taste." It's that deep, savory flavor found in things like soy sauce and seaweed, and once you know it, you’ll start to notice it everywhere. Japanese cuisine is also deeply connected to the seasons. The ingredients change as the year progresses, meaning that you can experience completely different dishes depending on when you visit. From spring’s delicate sakura blossoms to autumn’s hearty harvests, each season offers something new and delicious.

So, next time you think of Japanese cuisine, remember that it’s a world of flavors and traditions just waiting to be explored. Which dish are you most excited to try?

4. Clothing

People have inhabited what we know as Japan since the 3rd century B.C. In all this time, the country's culture has developed and created its own characteristics. Everything there is beautiful, but among them, one of the most striking is its traditional clothing. Let me introduce you to the world of the kimonos.

The kimono is one of the most unique pieces of Japanese clothing. Did you know it was created around 700 A.C? Its name means literally thing to wear (ki - to wear/ mono - thing). Although it appears to be a simple garment, it has many meanings and variations:

- Furisode (振袖): only single women use it. It has a wide and long sleeve.

- Tomesode (留袖): it is typically used by married women. It differs from the other by its sleeves, they are just common. It’s the most formal kimono.

The men in Japan don’t get out of this tradition. There are a few types of kimonos for them. One of the most famous is the yukata (浴衣), which is a light kimono usually used in the summer or in festivals.

5. History

An interesting curiosity in the history of Japan is the existence of the "Warring States" period (Sengoku, 1467-1603), when the country was fragmented into several domains governed by feudal lords (daimyos), who fought for power. During this time of conflict, historical figures such as Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu played crucial roles in the unification of Japan. This era of constant warfare ended in 1603 with the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, marking the beginning of more than two centuries of relative isolation from the rest of the world. Japan only opened up to foreign influences again at the end of the 19th century, with the Meiji Restoration.

6. Habits 

Another interesting fact is how Japanese people deal with trash. From a very young age they’re teached to take care and respect the public environment. Because of that, streets are very clean and people always grab the trash they produce during the day to throw it away at their houses in order to collaborate individually. Also, due to this behavior and to prevent hidden bomb attacks, they’re few trash cans around the streets and they are usually clear with transparent plastic bags when they exist.

I hope you guys have enjoyed it and stay online so you don’t miss any detail of my journey. Also, hank you for all the interesting comments in the last post 💜. See you soon!

class 103

Bianca Gonzales 00027

Siqueira 00024

Lopes 90428

Wermann 40033

Lucas 28335

Victor Rodrigues 21422

References

https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/japan-never-traveler-culture-cmb/index.html

https://www.rickshawtravel.co.uk/japan/blog/10-fun-facts-about-japan/

https://www.airalo.com/blog/15-fun-facts-about-japan?srsltid=AfmBOooD3o5bFM1uiAi5vk4exXd9i_XIXKgGqjR8dM9CMk4kegasv0Cv

https://awaytothecity.com/facts-about-japan/

https://onelifeadventures.com/facts-japan/

https://rusticpathways.com/inside-rustic/online-magazine/12-fun-facts-about-japan-and-its-culture